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Moral positive illusion: self–other valuation difference in moral foundation theory 道德积极幻觉:道德基础理论中的自我-他人价值差异
IF 2 3区 哲学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-10-16 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2134134
Tiantian Mo, Jiarui Sui, Yujie Zhao, Xinyue Zhou
ABSTRACT People tend to be unable to evaluate themselves accurately in many areas. One such area is their own and others’ morality. The current research explores the self–other moral valuation difference in the context of moral foundation theory. We propose that people generally have a moral positive illusion. Specifically, people overestimate their own morality and underestimate the morality of others. Two studies provide converging evidence that individuals underestimate the average moral valuations of others on the five dimensions of moral foundation theory. In particular, we demonstrate three moderators for moral positive illusion: moral foundation type, gender, and political identity. Specifically, compared with the binding foundations, people have greater moral positive illusions based on the individualizing foundations; compared to men, women have greater moral positive illusions; and compared with liberals, conservatives have greater moral positive illusions based on the binding foundations.
摘要人们往往无法在许多方面准确地评估自己。其中一个领域是他们自己和他人的道德。目前的研究是在道德基础理论的背景下探讨自我-他人道德价值的差异。我们认为,人们通常有一种道德上积极的幻觉。具体来说,人们高估了自己的道德,低估了他人的道德。两项研究提供了一致的证据,证明个人在道德基础理论的五个维度上低估了他人的平均道德价值。特别是,我们展示了道德积极幻觉的三个调节因素:道德基础类型、性别和政治身份。具体而言,与约束性基础相比,基于个体化基础的人们具有更大的道德积极幻想;与男性相比,女性有更大的道德积极幻想;与自由派相比,保守派在约束性基础上有更大的道德积极幻想。
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引用次数: 0
Moral stress and coping: relationship with long-term positive reactions and PTSD indication in military personnel 军人道德压力与应对:长期积极反应与PTSD指征的关系
IF 2 3区 哲学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-10-16 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2131553
G. Larsson, S. Nilsson, Rino Bandlitz Johansen, G. Waaler, Peder Hyllengren, Alicia Ohlsson
ABSTRACT This study investigates the relationship between moral stress reactions and resulting coping efforts in severely morally challenging situations. Long-term positive reactions and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicators following morally challenging situations are also studied. The sample consisted of cadets and officers (n = 332) from Norway and Sweden. Long-term positive reactions were found to be associated with limited moral stress reactions during the challenging episode and frequent use of acceptance and positive reappraisal coping strategies. Long-term high scores on a PTSD indicator scale covaried with high scores on Openness, a strong moral stress reaction, and frequent use of instrumental coping strategies. The main conclusion is that the immediate moral stress reaction and coping strategies following morally challenging situations appear to be related to both positive long-term reactions and to indicators of PTSD.
摘要本研究旨在探讨道德压力反应与道德挑战情境下的应对努力之间的关系。研究了道德挑战情境下的长期积极反应和创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)指标。样本包括来自挪威和瑞典的学员和军官(n = 332)。长期的积极反应与挑战时期有限的道德压力反应和频繁使用接受和积极的重新评价应对策略有关。PTSD指标量表的长期高分与开放性、强烈的道德应激反应和频繁使用工具性应对策略的高分共变。主要结论是,道德挑战情境下的即时道德压力反应和应对策略似乎与积极的长期反应和PTSD指标有关。
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引用次数: 0
The choice of deontological, virtue ethical, and consequentialist moral reasoning strategies by pre- and in-service police officers in the U.K.: an empirical study 英国职前和在职警察的义务论、美德伦理和结果主义道德推理策略的选择:一项实证研究
IF 2 3区 哲学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2124995
Andrew Maile, Aidan P. Thompson, Shane J. McLoughlin, K. Kristjánsson
ABSTRACT Drawing upon cross-sectional research with pre- and in-service police officers in the U.K. (N = 571), this paper reports on the moral reasoning strategies favored by the respondents in dealing with bespoke work-related moral quandaries specific to the professional practice of policing. The dominant form of moral reasoning in dealing with those dilemmas was deontological (rule-based). The second most frequently selected reasoning strategy was virtue ethical. Further analysis of the police research data indicated that those with an undergraduate degree were significantly more likely to adopt virtue ethical and consequentialist-utilitarian reasoning strategies than those who did not have an undergraduate degree.
基于对英国在职和在岗警官的横断面研究(N = 571),本文报告了受访者在处理警务专业实践中定制的与工作相关的道德困境时所采用的道德推理策略。在处理这些困境时,道德推理的主要形式是义务论(基于规则)。第二个最常选择的推理策略是美德伦理。对警方研究数据的进一步分析表明,那些拥有本科学位的人比那些没有本科学位的人更有可能采用美德伦理和结果主义-功利主义推理策略。
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引用次数: 0
Ageism and employee silence: the serial mediating roles of work alienation and organizational commitment 年龄歧视与员工沉默:工作异化与组织承诺的序列中介作用
IF 2 3区 哲学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-09-20 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2126843
Rui Dong, Wanxin Yu, S. Ni, Qiaolong Hu
ABSTRACT Ageism is a common phenomenon in the workplace, despite being unethical. Although previous studies have explored the many negative effects of ageism on employees, employee silence has rarely been empirically tested as a negative outcome. Therefore, we explored the positive relationship between ageism and employee silence and its underlying mechanism. A total of 416 working adults completed two time-lagged surveys, with items measuring ageism, work alienation, organizational commitment, and employee silence, administered four weeks apart. The results indicate that work alienation and organizational commitment have serial mediating effects on the relationship between ageism and employee silence. Ageism led to employees experiencing more work alienation, leading to harmful consequences for their organizational commitment and to employee silence. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings in this paper.
年龄歧视在工作场所是一种普遍现象,尽管这是不道德的。虽然以前的研究已经探讨了年龄歧视对员工的许多负面影响,但员工沉默很少被实证检验为一种负面结果。因此,我们探讨了年龄歧视与员工沉默的正相关关系及其潜在机制。共有416名在职成年人完成了两项时间滞后的调查,调查项目包括年龄歧视、工作疏离感、组织承诺和员工沉默,调查间隔四周。结果表明,工作疏离感和组织承诺在年龄歧视与员工沉默的关系中具有序列中介作用。年龄歧视导致员工经历更多的工作疏离感,导致组织承诺受损,员工沉默。我们在本文中讨论了我们的研究结果的理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 4
Sharing for relief: associations of trauma-focused interviews and well-being among war-affected displaced populations in the Middle East 分享救济:中东受战争影响的流离失所人口中以创伤为重点的访谈与福祉的关联
IF 2 3区 哲学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2122466
Hawkar Ibrahim, Katharina Goessmann, F. Neuner
ABSTRACT Nonmaleficence is a key ethical value of research among vulnerable populations. Trauma-focused research typically includes detailed interviews about traumatic life events and post-traumatic symptoms. This raises concerns about causing distress and harm for the affected individuals. We aimed to determine the immediate effects of trauma-focused interviews on participants’ wellbeing. We developed the brief Distress and Harm Scale (DH7) for the assessment of current symptoms of distress and urge to harm oneself or others. Using data from 332 Iraqi and Syrian children and both of their parents (N = 996), we assessed these symptoms before and after participating in trauma-focused interviews. Results showed that the mean levels of self-reported distress and harm impulses were significantly decreased among adults and children rather than increased immediately after the interviews. Once measures to safeguard cases at risk are carefully implemented in research, the potential benefits of participating in trauma-focused interviews outweigh the risk for individuals. Potential implications of the results for ethical review boards evaluating trauma-focused studies are discussed.
摘要非伤害是弱势群体研究的一个重要伦理价值。以创伤为重点的研究通常包括对创伤生活事件和创伤后症状的详细采访。这引发了人们对给受影响的个人带来痛苦和伤害的担忧。我们旨在确定以创伤为重点的访谈对参与者幸福感的直接影响。我们开发了简短的痛苦和伤害量表(DH7),用于评估当前的痛苦症状和伤害自己或他人的冲动。使用332名伊拉克和叙利亚儿童及其父母的数据(N=996),我们在参加以创伤为重点的访谈前后评估了这些症状。结果显示,成人和儿童自我报告的痛苦和伤害冲动的平均水平显著降低,而不是在访谈后立即增加。一旦在研究中认真实施了保护高危病例的措施,参与以创伤为重点的访谈的潜在好处就超过了个人的风险。讨论了这些结果对伦理审查委员会评估以创伤为重点的研究的潜在影响。
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引用次数: 1
Shifting foci of ethical concerns: a new generation enters the corporate world 道德关注点的转移:新一代进入了企业界
IF 2 3区 哲学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2124160
J. Franczak, D. Shanahan
ABSTRACT As a new generation enters the workforce, it is important to understand the ethical concerns of these emerging professionals and future leaders. Crucially, because forces such as technology, globalization, and social responsibility are transforming the business environment. The present study defines ethical concerns as topics of ethics that are important to oneself that are influenced by the social context and affect attitudes and behaviors. Inspired by past studies and trends, this research examines a four-decade historical perspective of ethical concerns of college students in the United States. Our findings indicate that the foci of concern for business-related ethical issues among incoming professionals have significantly shifted – focusing more on environmental, collective, and corporate social responsibility concerns of bettering society, but less on ethical standards meeting the needs of organizations. Of cautionary note, incoming professionals feel increased pressure to act unethically and to overlook ethical concerns related to application of new technologies in order to succeed. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
随着新一代进入劳动力市场,了解这些新兴专业人士和未来领导者的道德问题非常重要。至关重要的是,技术、全球化和社会责任等力量正在改变商业环境。本研究将伦理关注定义为受社会背景影响并影响态度和行为的对自身重要的伦理主题。受过去研究和趋势的启发,本研究考察了四十年来美国大学生道德问题的历史视角。我们的研究结果表明,新入职的专业人士对与商业相关的道德问题的关注焦点发生了显著的转变——更多地关注环境、集体和企业社会责任方面的问题,而较少关注满足组织需要的道德标准。值得注意的是,为了取得成功,新入职的专业人员感到越来越大的压力,他们会不道德地行事,并忽视与应用新技术有关的道德问题。讨论了理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 1
Practice of common ethical standards in the field of counseling and psychotherapy in mainland China 共同伦理标准在中国大陆心理咨询领域的实践
IF 2 3区 哲学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2118120
Qin An, Xiubin Lin, Z. Sang, Mingyi Qian
ABSTRACT This paper will first introduce the development of professional ethics of counseling and psychotherapy in mainland China. Ethical awareness is often limited due to variations in training experiences. Aligning with ethics codes can also bring challenges due to nuances within Chinese culture. Furthermore, the authors discuss the ethical challenges regarding the principles of multiple relationships, informed consent, and confidentiality in the context of Chinese culture. These ethical issues are often discussed within an individualistic cultural frame and presentation from a collectivist culture offers a unique perspective in the ethics literature.
本文首先介绍中国大陆心理咨询职业道德的发展。由于培训经验的差异,道德意识往往受到限制。由于中国文化中的细微差别,与道德规范保持一致也会带来挑战。此外,作者还讨论了在中国文化背景下,多重关系、知情同意和保密原则的伦理挑战。这些伦理问题通常是在个人主义文化框架内讨论的,集体主义文化的呈现在伦理文学中提供了一个独特的视角。
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引用次数: 2
Graduate recruitment offers: ethical and professional considerations for engineering graduate students and faculty members 毕业生招聘提供:道德和专业考虑工程研究生和教职员工
IF 2 3区 哲学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2118123
Islam H. El-adaway, Mohamad Abdul Nabi, Ramy Khalef, Tamima S. Elbashbishy, G. Ali, Radwa Eissa, Muaz O. Ahmed
ABSTRACT This paper investigates the ethical and professional responsibilities of engineering Graduate Students (GSs) and Faculty Members (FMs) in relation to Graduate Recruitment Offers (GROs). The authors developed an academic survey for data collection and subsequently evaluated the collected data based on common ethical theories and principles, as well as relevant professional codes of conduct. Based on the survey responses, this study identified the most common driving and preventive reasons for FMs and GSs not to honor a signed GRO. Further, the perception of GSs and FMs in relation to GROs was investigated using statistical methods. Finally, the authors provided an educational framework in the form of a checklist aimed at promoting ethical and professional decision-making as related to GROs. Ultimately, the outcomes of this research can be incorporated into senior seminar courses to enhance engineering undergraduate students’ ethical education and promote their ethical thinking as they grow into professional roles.
摘要:本文探讨了工程研究生(GSs)和教师(FMs)在毕业生招聘录取(GROs)方面的道德和专业责任。作者为数据收集制定了一项学术调查,随后根据共同的伦理理论和原则以及相关的专业行为准则对收集到的数据进行了评估。根据调查结果,本研究确定了FMs和GSs不履行签署的GRO的最常见驱动和预防原因。此外,使用统计方法研究了GSs和FMs与GROs的关系。最后,作者以清单的形式提供了一个教育框架,旨在促进与gro有关的道德和专业决策。最终,本研究的成果可以纳入高级研讨课程,以加强工科本科生的伦理教育,促进他们在成长为专业角色时的伦理思维。
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引用次数: 1
Ethical standards for psychological practice in the UAE: current status and aspirations 阿联酋心理实践的道德标准:现状和愿望
IF 2 3区 哲学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-09-05 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2118122
Fatima Al-Darmaki, Saad Yaaqeib, S. Partridge
ABSTRACT There is a growing body of global research demonstrating the significance of mental health to individuals’ overall happiness and productivity. The research evidence has encouraged governmental agencies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to divert more attention toward the provision and development of mental health services. As the sector grows, one of the first issues of concern is the adherence to a unified set of ethics of practice. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss the existing ethical codes of conduct relevant to the mental health profession in the unique context of the UAE. Specifically, this discussion will focus on the interaction of cultural factors with the ethical standards of confidentiality, informed consent, and multiple relationships. This paper provides an initial reference for researchers and practitioners to explore regional issues of ethical standards in mental health services.
越来越多的全球研究表明,心理健康对个人整体幸福感和生产力的重要性。研究证据鼓励阿拉伯联合酋长国(UAE)的政府机构将更多的注意力转移到提供和发展心理健康服务上。随着该行业的发展,人们首先关注的问题之一是遵守一套统一的执业道德规范。本文的目的是在阿联酋的独特背景下介绍和讨论与精神卫生专业相关的现有道德行为准则。具体来说,本讨论将集中于文化因素与保密、知情同意和多重关系的道德标准的相互作用。本文为研究者和从业者探讨精神卫生服务伦理标准的区域性问题提供了初步参考。
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引用次数: 2
Chinese attitudes to plagiarism: a genre analysis of editorial statements on plagiarism cases (1950s-1960s) 中国人对抄袭的态度:对50 - 60年代抄袭事件社论的体裁分析
IF 2 3区 哲学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2111307
Yongyan Li, J. Flowerdew
ABSTRACT It has been assumed sometimes that plagiarism is traditionally accepted in Confucian-heritage cultures such as China. In this paper we provide evidence to counter such a view. Focusing on a corpus of editorial statements on plagiarism cases published in Chinese journals in the decade of the early 1950s-the early 1960s, we present an integrated genre analysis and discourse analysis of this data. We illuminate 12 rhetorical move types in the focal genre and intertextual links between the genre and two related genres (readers’ disclosure reports and plagiarizers’ apologies) and demonstrate how plagiarism is construed as a transgressive practice and is imbued with the post-revolutionary Communist discourse of its historical period. The implications of the study apply to the academic community in terms of teaching and learning, on the one hand, and publication practices, on the other. We end the paper by emphasizing the importance of employing a contextualized approach to the study of plagiarism and the power of a triangulated genre and discourse analytic approach in the case of both the present research and the investigation of language use in the real-world more generally.
在中国这样的儒家文化传统中,剽窃被认为是可以接受的。在本文中,我们提供证据来反驳这种观点。本文以20世纪50年代初至60年代初发表在中国期刊上的关于抄袭案例的编辑声明为研究对象,对这些数据进行了体裁分析和话语分析。我们阐明了重点类型中的12种修辞动作类型,以及该类型与两种相关类型(读者披露报告和剽窃者道歉)之间的互文联系,并展示了剽窃如何被解释为一种违法行为,并融入了其历史时期的后革命共产主义话语。本研究的启示适用于学术界,一方面是教学和学习,另一方面是出版实践。在论文的最后,我们强调了采用情境化方法研究剽窃的重要性,以及在当前研究和现实世界中更普遍的语言使用调查中,三角体裁和话语分析方法的力量。
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引用次数: 0
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Ethics & Behavior
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