Pub Date : 2022-12-18DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2152030
Valeriia Palii
ABSTRACT This article presents an attempt to analyze the specifics of ethical norms in the work of psychologists in Ukraine, with an analysis of historical preconditions, current challenges and cultural characteristics. Ukraine, as a modern developing country striving for integration into the European space, is intensively developing psychology and trying to overcome the problems that it has today. Having well-trained psychologists, psychology in Ukraine has many vulnerabilities, such as the lack of legislation in this field and licensing. Professional communities, by virtue of their competencies, strengthen psychology in Ukraine through an attempt to implement ethical standards and highlight problematic topics. The article contains a review of Ukrainian psychologists’ understandings of confidentiality, informed consent and multiple relationships. This paper is an analysis and attempt to explain to the reader potential areas of growth and the unique cultural formations that we have in our practical work today. This exploration includes factors such as the features of importance in the relationship between a psychologist and a client in the Ukrainian context, and the historical, social, economic, cultural, and political factors that influence the perception of ethical standards among Ukrainian psychologists.
{"title":"Ethical aspects of psychological work in Ukraine: past, present, and future","authors":"Valeriia Palii","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2152030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2152030","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article presents an attempt to analyze the specifics of ethical norms in the work of psychologists in Ukraine, with an analysis of historical preconditions, current challenges and cultural characteristics. Ukraine, as a modern developing country striving for integration into the European space, is intensively developing psychology and trying to overcome the problems that it has today. Having well-trained psychologists, psychology in Ukraine has many vulnerabilities, such as the lack of legislation in this field and licensing. Professional communities, by virtue of their competencies, strengthen psychology in Ukraine through an attempt to implement ethical standards and highlight problematic topics. The article contains a review of Ukrainian psychologists’ understandings of confidentiality, informed consent and multiple relationships. This paper is an analysis and attempt to explain to the reader potential areas of growth and the unique cultural formations that we have in our practical work today. This exploration includes factors such as the features of importance in the relationship between a psychologist and a client in the Ukrainian context, and the historical, social, economic, cultural, and political factors that influence the perception of ethical standards among Ukrainian psychologists.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"220 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48162185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2152817
B. Khoury, L. Akoury-Dirani
ABSTRACT Within the professional practice of psychology the code of ethics characterizes what is morally right or wrong, by means of a set of principles, values, and standards of conduct. While there are numerous international mental health organizations that incorporate ethical guidelines such as the APA and EFPA; these codes still fall short in providing guidelines for psychologists working in non-western cultures, especially when there are no universally adopted and valid cross-cultural ethics codes. This paper explores various challenges psychologists in the Arab region face when using a western code which does not reflect the values and traditions of their culture. A comparison of several ethical codes from different Arab countries is presented, with a focus on challenging areas of interest such as confidentiality, informed consent and multiple relationships.
{"title":"Ethical codes in the Arab region: comparisons and differences","authors":"B. Khoury, L. Akoury-Dirani","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2152817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2152817","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Within the professional practice of psychology the code of ethics characterizes what is morally right or wrong, by means of a set of principles, values, and standards of conduct. While there are numerous international mental health organizations that incorporate ethical guidelines such as the APA and EFPA; these codes still fall short in providing guidelines for psychologists working in non-western cultures, especially when there are no universally adopted and valid cross-cultural ethics codes. This paper explores various challenges psychologists in the Arab region face when using a western code which does not reflect the values and traditions of their culture. A comparison of several ethical codes from different Arab countries is presented, with a focus on challenging areas of interest such as confidentiality, informed consent and multiple relationships.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"193 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49611187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-16DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2134134
Tiantian Mo, Jiarui Sui, Yujie Zhao, Xinyue Zhou
ABSTRACT People tend to be unable to evaluate themselves accurately in many areas. One such area is their own and others’ morality. The current research explores the self–other moral valuation difference in the context of moral foundation theory. We propose that people generally have a moral positive illusion. Specifically, people overestimate their own morality and underestimate the morality of others. Two studies provide converging evidence that individuals underestimate the average moral valuations of others on the five dimensions of moral foundation theory. In particular, we demonstrate three moderators for moral positive illusion: moral foundation type, gender, and political identity. Specifically, compared with the binding foundations, people have greater moral positive illusions based on the individualizing foundations; compared to men, women have greater moral positive illusions; and compared with liberals, conservatives have greater moral positive illusions based on the binding foundations.
{"title":"Moral positive illusion: self–other valuation difference in moral foundation theory","authors":"Tiantian Mo, Jiarui Sui, Yujie Zhao, Xinyue Zhou","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2134134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2134134","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT People tend to be unable to evaluate themselves accurately in many areas. One such area is their own and others’ morality. The current research explores the self–other moral valuation difference in the context of moral foundation theory. We propose that people generally have a moral positive illusion. Specifically, people overestimate their own morality and underestimate the morality of others. Two studies provide converging evidence that individuals underestimate the average moral valuations of others on the five dimensions of moral foundation theory. In particular, we demonstrate three moderators for moral positive illusion: moral foundation type, gender, and political identity. Specifically, compared with the binding foundations, people have greater moral positive illusions based on the individualizing foundations; compared to men, women have greater moral positive illusions; and compared with liberals, conservatives have greater moral positive illusions based on the binding foundations.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"684 - 701"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49432481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-16DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2131553
G. Larsson, S. Nilsson, Rino Bandlitz Johansen, G. Waaler, Peder Hyllengren, Alicia Ohlsson
ABSTRACT This study investigates the relationship between moral stress reactions and resulting coping efforts in severely morally challenging situations. Long-term positive reactions and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicators following morally challenging situations are also studied. The sample consisted of cadets and officers (n = 332) from Norway and Sweden. Long-term positive reactions were found to be associated with limited moral stress reactions during the challenging episode and frequent use of acceptance and positive reappraisal coping strategies. Long-term high scores on a PTSD indicator scale covaried with high scores on Openness, a strong moral stress reaction, and frequent use of instrumental coping strategies. The main conclusion is that the immediate moral stress reaction and coping strategies following morally challenging situations appear to be related to both positive long-term reactions and to indicators of PTSD.
{"title":"Moral stress and coping: relationship with long-term positive reactions and PTSD indication in military personnel","authors":"G. Larsson, S. Nilsson, Rino Bandlitz Johansen, G. Waaler, Peder Hyllengren, Alicia Ohlsson","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2131553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2131553","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigates the relationship between moral stress reactions and resulting coping efforts in severely morally challenging situations. Long-term positive reactions and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicators following morally challenging situations are also studied. The sample consisted of cadets and officers (n = 332) from Norway and Sweden. Long-term positive reactions were found to be associated with limited moral stress reactions during the challenging episode and frequent use of acceptance and positive reappraisal coping strategies. Long-term high scores on a PTSD indicator scale covaried with high scores on Openness, a strong moral stress reaction, and frequent use of instrumental coping strategies. The main conclusion is that the immediate moral stress reaction and coping strategies following morally challenging situations appear to be related to both positive long-term reactions and to indicators of PTSD.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"15 1","pages":"672 - 683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87763696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2124995
Andrew Maile, Aidan P. Thompson, Shane J. McLoughlin, K. Kristjánsson
ABSTRACT Drawing upon cross-sectional research with pre- and in-service police officers in the U.K. (N = 571), this paper reports on the moral reasoning strategies favored by the respondents in dealing with bespoke work-related moral quandaries specific to the professional practice of policing. The dominant form of moral reasoning in dealing with those dilemmas was deontological (rule-based). The second most frequently selected reasoning strategy was virtue ethical. Further analysis of the police research data indicated that those with an undergraduate degree were significantly more likely to adopt virtue ethical and consequentialist-utilitarian reasoning strategies than those who did not have an undergraduate degree.
{"title":"The choice of deontological, virtue ethical, and consequentialist moral reasoning strategies by pre- and in-service police officers in the U.K.: an empirical study","authors":"Andrew Maile, Aidan P. Thompson, Shane J. McLoughlin, K. Kristjánsson","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2124995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2124995","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Drawing upon cross-sectional research with pre- and in-service police officers in the U.K. (N = 571), this paper reports on the moral reasoning strategies favored by the respondents in dealing with bespoke work-related moral quandaries specific to the professional practice of policing. The dominant form of moral reasoning in dealing with those dilemmas was deontological (rule-based). The second most frequently selected reasoning strategy was virtue ethical. Further analysis of the police research data indicated that those with an undergraduate degree were significantly more likely to adopt virtue ethical and consequentialist-utilitarian reasoning strategies than those who did not have an undergraduate degree.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"14 1","pages":"637 - 655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74384788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2126843
Rui Dong, Wanxin Yu, S. Ni, Qiaolong Hu
ABSTRACT Ageism is a common phenomenon in the workplace, despite being unethical. Although previous studies have explored the many negative effects of ageism on employees, employee silence has rarely been empirically tested as a negative outcome. Therefore, we explored the positive relationship between ageism and employee silence and its underlying mechanism. A total of 416 working adults completed two time-lagged surveys, with items measuring ageism, work alienation, organizational commitment, and employee silence, administered four weeks apart. The results indicate that work alienation and organizational commitment have serial mediating effects on the relationship between ageism and employee silence. Ageism led to employees experiencing more work alienation, leading to harmful consequences for their organizational commitment and to employee silence. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings in this paper.
{"title":"Ageism and employee silence: the serial mediating roles of work alienation and organizational commitment","authors":"Rui Dong, Wanxin Yu, S. Ni, Qiaolong Hu","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2126843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2126843","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ageism is a common phenomenon in the workplace, despite being unethical. Although previous studies have explored the many negative effects of ageism on employees, employee silence has rarely been empirically tested as a negative outcome. Therefore, we explored the positive relationship between ageism and employee silence and its underlying mechanism. A total of 416 working adults completed two time-lagged surveys, with items measuring ageism, work alienation, organizational commitment, and employee silence, administered four weeks apart. The results indicate that work alienation and organizational commitment have serial mediating effects on the relationship between ageism and employee silence. Ageism led to employees experiencing more work alienation, leading to harmful consequences for their organizational commitment and to employee silence. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings in this paper.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"66 1","pages":"702 - 721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78680816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2122466
Hawkar Ibrahim, Katharina Goessmann, F. Neuner
ABSTRACT Nonmaleficence is a key ethical value of research among vulnerable populations. Trauma-focused research typically includes detailed interviews about traumatic life events and post-traumatic symptoms. This raises concerns about causing distress and harm for the affected individuals. We aimed to determine the immediate effects of trauma-focused interviews on participants’ wellbeing. We developed the brief Distress and Harm Scale (DH7) for the assessment of current symptoms of distress and urge to harm oneself or others. Using data from 332 Iraqi and Syrian children and both of their parents (N = 996), we assessed these symptoms before and after participating in trauma-focused interviews. Results showed that the mean levels of self-reported distress and harm impulses were significantly decreased among adults and children rather than increased immediately after the interviews. Once measures to safeguard cases at risk are carefully implemented in research, the potential benefits of participating in trauma-focused interviews outweigh the risk for individuals. Potential implications of the results for ethical review boards evaluating trauma-focused studies are discussed.
{"title":"Sharing for relief: associations of trauma-focused interviews and well-being among war-affected displaced populations in the Middle East","authors":"Hawkar Ibrahim, Katharina Goessmann, F. Neuner","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2122466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2122466","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nonmaleficence is a key ethical value of research among vulnerable populations. Trauma-focused research typically includes detailed interviews about traumatic life events and post-traumatic symptoms. This raises concerns about causing distress and harm for the affected individuals. We aimed to determine the immediate effects of trauma-focused interviews on participants’ wellbeing. We developed the brief Distress and Harm Scale (DH7) for the assessment of current symptoms of distress and urge to harm oneself or others. Using data from 332 Iraqi and Syrian children and both of their parents (N = 996), we assessed these symptoms before and after participating in trauma-focused interviews. Results showed that the mean levels of self-reported distress and harm impulses were significantly decreased among adults and children rather than increased immediately after the interviews. Once measures to safeguard cases at risk are carefully implemented in research, the potential benefits of participating in trauma-focused interviews outweigh the risk for individuals. Potential implications of the results for ethical review boards evaluating trauma-focused studies are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"551 - 567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41846214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2124160
J. Franczak, D. Shanahan
ABSTRACT As a new generation enters the workforce, it is important to understand the ethical concerns of these emerging professionals and future leaders. Crucially, because forces such as technology, globalization, and social responsibility are transforming the business environment. The present study defines ethical concerns as topics of ethics that are important to oneself that are influenced by the social context and affect attitudes and behaviors. Inspired by past studies and trends, this research examines a four-decade historical perspective of ethical concerns of college students in the United States. Our findings indicate that the foci of concern for business-related ethical issues among incoming professionals have significantly shifted – focusing more on environmental, collective, and corporate social responsibility concerns of bettering society, but less on ethical standards meeting the needs of organizations. Of cautionary note, incoming professionals feel increased pressure to act unethically and to overlook ethical concerns related to application of new technologies in order to succeed. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
{"title":"Shifting foci of ethical concerns: a new generation enters the corporate world","authors":"J. Franczak, D. Shanahan","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2124160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2124160","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As a new generation enters the workforce, it is important to understand the ethical concerns of these emerging professionals and future leaders. Crucially, because forces such as technology, globalization, and social responsibility are transforming the business environment. The present study defines ethical concerns as topics of ethics that are important to oneself that are influenced by the social context and affect attitudes and behaviors. Inspired by past studies and trends, this research examines a four-decade historical perspective of ethical concerns of college students in the United States. Our findings indicate that the foci of concern for business-related ethical issues among incoming professionals have significantly shifted – focusing more on environmental, collective, and corporate social responsibility concerns of bettering society, but less on ethical standards meeting the needs of organizations. Of cautionary note, incoming professionals feel increased pressure to act unethically and to overlook ethical concerns related to application of new technologies in order to succeed. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"616 - 636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45006253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2118120
Qin An, Xiubin Lin, Z. Sang, Mingyi Qian
ABSTRACT This paper will first introduce the development of professional ethics of counseling and psychotherapy in mainland China. Ethical awareness is often limited due to variations in training experiences. Aligning with ethics codes can also bring challenges due to nuances within Chinese culture. Furthermore, the authors discuss the ethical challenges regarding the principles of multiple relationships, informed consent, and confidentiality in the context of Chinese culture. These ethical issues are often discussed within an individualistic cultural frame and presentation from a collectivist culture offers a unique perspective in the ethics literature.
{"title":"Practice of common ethical standards in the field of counseling and psychotherapy in mainland China","authors":"Qin An, Xiubin Lin, Z. Sang, Mingyi Qian","doi":"10.1080/10508422.2022.2118120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2118120","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper will first introduce the development of professional ethics of counseling and psychotherapy in mainland China. Ethical awareness is often limited due to variations in training experiences. Aligning with ethics codes can also bring challenges due to nuances within Chinese culture. Furthermore, the authors discuss the ethical challenges regarding the principles of multiple relationships, informed consent, and confidentiality in the context of Chinese culture. These ethical issues are often discussed within an individualistic cultural frame and presentation from a collectivist culture offers a unique perspective in the ethics literature.","PeriodicalId":47265,"journal":{"name":"Ethics & Behavior","volume":"33 1","pages":"183 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49566539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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