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“I Don’t Feel I’m Capable of More”: Affect, Literacy, Dis/Ability “我觉得我没有能力做更多”:情感,读写能力,残疾/能力
IF 2.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.1177/1086296X221076420
Heidi R. Bacon, Paula Rolim, Abdulsamad Y. Humaidan
In this single-case retrospective study, we examine the phenomenon of difficult experiences in schooling and literacy as described by Diana, age 25. Drawing on convergent theories of affect, new materialism, and critical dis/ability studies, we explore educational trajectories and complexities of entangled identities. Four open-ended interviews, a series of conversations, were conducted with Diana and analyzed through a rhizomatic lens. Our analysis illustrates Diana's participation histories and literacy trajectories (re)presenting dis/continuities of past, present, and future time, which bring to life emotional collisions, ruptures, and possibilities. As difficult experiences compel us to witness and to bear testimony, we address potential social and human consequences of labels and categories and argue that a new materialist approach to literacy research and critical dis/ability studies can powerfully frame research that calls out injustice and cultivates hope.
在这一单例回顾性研究中,我们研究了25岁的戴安娜所描述的在学校教育和识字方面的困难经历。利用情感趋同理论、新唯物主义和批判性残疾/能力研究,我们探索纠缠身份的教育轨迹和复杂性。我们与戴安娜进行了四次开放式访谈和一系列对话,并通过根状透镜进行了分析。我们的分析说明了戴安娜的参与历史和读写轨迹(重新)呈现了过去、现在和未来时间的不连续性,这带来了生活中的情感冲突、破裂和可能性。由于艰难的经历迫使我们去见证和承担证词,我们讨论了标签和分类的潜在社会和人类后果,并认为一种新的唯物主义方法来研究读写能力和批判性残疾/能力研究可以有力地构建研究,呼吁不公正并培养希望。
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引用次数: 2
Student-Generated Questions in Literacy Education and Assessment 识字教育与评估中的学生提问
IF 2.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI: 10.1177/1086296X221076436
Lois Maplethorpe, Hyunah Kim, Melissa R. Hunte, M. Vincett, E. Jang
This study investigated the extent to which students’ questioning ability is associated with their literacy abilities, attitudes, perceived text understanding, and interest in the text they read. We further examined these relationships by the type of text they read to generate questions. Fifth- and sixth-grade students (N = 89) were asked to generate three questions after reading two different types of text. The students also completed reading comprehension and writing tests, as well as a questionnaire about their attitude toward literacy, perceived text understanding, and interest in the text. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that the quality of student-generated questions was predicted by reading comprehension ability, a positive attitude toward writing, and perceived level of understanding of the text, with strong effects related to text genre. We explore the implications of these findings on current pedagogy and assessment practices in literacy education and suggest areas for further research.
本研究调查了学生的提问能力与他们的读写能力、态度、感知文本理解和对所读文本的兴趣之间的关系。我们通过他们阅读产生问题的文本类型进一步研究了这些关系。五年级和六年级的学生(N = 89)被要求在阅读两种不同类型的文本后产生三个问题。学生们还完成了阅读理解和写作测试,以及一份关于他们对读写能力、感知文本理解和对文本兴趣的态度的问卷。层次回归分析表明,学生自创问题的质量与阅读理解能力、积极的写作态度和对文本的感知理解水平有关,且与文本类型有很强的相关性。我们探讨了这些发现对当前识字教育的教学法和评估实践的影响,并提出了进一步研究的领域。
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引用次数: 2
Leading Literate Lives: Afghan Refugee Children in a First-Asylum Country 一流的文人生活:第一庇护国的阿富汗难民儿童
IF 2.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/1086296X221076431
Assadullah Sadiq
Most refugees in countries of permanent resettlement arrive from first-asylum countries – countries where refugees initially move to escape crisis in their homelands. Their pre-resettlement educational experiences have largely been undocumented. This qualitative ethnographic study describes the literacy practices of four elementary-aged Afghan refugee children in Pakistan. The findings revealed rich and various literacy practices these children and their families engaged in at home and beyond, such as practicing religious supplications or engaging in storytelling, trying to read and write in Urdu and English, reading the Quran or religious supplications, and helping others with their own literacy development. The parents and guardians highly valued literacy and believed it instilled manners, morals, and essential skills in their children. This research includes important implications for teachers working with refugee students.
永久安置国的大多数难民来自第一庇护国,即难民最初为逃避本国危机而迁移的国家。他们在重新安置前的教育经历基本上没有记录。这项定性的民族志研究描述了巴基斯坦四名小学年龄的阿富汗难民儿童的识字实践。研究结果揭示了这些儿童及其家人在家庭内外从事的丰富多样的识字活动,例如练习宗教祈祷或参与讲故事,尝试用乌尔都语和英语阅读和写作,阅读古兰经或宗教祈祷,以及帮助他人提高自己的识字能力。父母和监护人非常重视读写能力,认为读写能力可以培养孩子的礼仪、道德和基本技能。这项研究对从事难民学生工作的教师具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Neoliberal Logics: An Analysis of Texas’s STAAR Exam Writing Prompts 新自由主义逻辑:德克萨斯州STAAR考试写作提示分析
IF 2.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1177/1086296X221076421
Brad Jacobson, A. Bach
This article adds to a growing body of research tracing the influence of neoliberal education reforms on policy and practice by showing the ways in which student writers are positioned within market-oriented discourses and values through Texas state exam writing prompts. As a genre-in-use, the writing prompts are seemingly mundane texts that privilege certain perspectives for viewing the world. This article uses critical discourse analysis to examine seven years of Texas state exam high school writing prompts, focusing on how the grammatical design of the prompts and the recontextualization of informational texts or quotes demonstrate traces of neoliberal logics such as individualism, self-reliance, and superficial multiculturalism. We call for critical pedagogies that help teachers and students resist the naturalization of dominant discourses and imagine collective responses to creating a more just world.
这篇文章通过德克萨斯州的考试写作提示,展示了学生作家在市场化话语和价值观中的定位,为追踪新自由主义教育改革对政策和实践的影响的越来越多的研究增添了新的内容。作为一种使用中的类型,写作提示是看似平凡的文本,它们赋予某些视角以观察世界的特权。本文使用批判性话语分析来检验七年来得克萨斯州高中考试的写作提示,重点关注提示的语法设计和信息文本或引文的重新文本化如何显示出新自由主义逻辑的痕迹,如个人主义、自力更生和肤浅的多元文化主义。我们呼吁批判性教学法,帮助教师和学生抵制主流话语的自然化,并想象集体对创造一个更公正的世界的反应。
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引用次数: 1
Centering Learners: Literate Identities and Literacy Education 以学习者为中心:识字身份与识字教育
IF 2.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/1086296x211052453
E. Bauer, Catherine Compton-Lilly, Guofang Li, Aria Razfar
Literate identities are central to the articles presented in this volume, in which contributors interrogate traditional and historical approaches to literacy education. Deficit models inevitably racialize literacies while centering (male) whiteness and decentering learners and their experiences. As the pieces herein illustrate, nearly every aspect of literacy education is affected by deficit perspectives: Testing and assessment, teacher education, student engagement, and classroom practice can all perpetuate deficit views of students and their families. The authors whose work is included in this volume use empirical research to propose practical pedagogical tools that move literacy educators away from deficit and debt models of education and instruction. In so doing, literate identities are not racially marginalized, and nonwhite students are centered rather than othered. Across this volume, we begin to answer the question, What can and should anti-racist, anti-deficit literacy education look like? In “Gateway Moments to Literate Identities,” Enright, Wong, and Sanchez examine literate identities among minoritized high school students. While deficit models racially marginalize the literate identities of Students of color, authoritative literate identities center learners and their identities, languages, and linguistic repertoires. These authors assert that teachers must make instructional choices that reject the former and promote the latter. In their article, “Always at the Bottom: Ideologies in Assessment of Emergent Bilinguals,” Ascenzi-Moreno and Seltzer use translanguaging and raciolinguistic lenses to explore the role of multilingual resources in assessing the reading achievement of emergent bilingual students. While assessment can be problematic for emergent bilinguals in general, they are particularly fraught for Language Learners of color. The authors therefore conclude that existing reading assessments are racialized and call for the development of unbiased assessment tools. In “How Feeling Supports Students’ Classroom Discussions of Literature,” Levine, Trepper, Chung, and Coehlo take on affective evaluation—a form of self-assessment in which readers reflect on their own responses to texts. When deployed in high school classrooms, affective discussions and self-evaluation move students beyond “one right answer” to engage with broader interpretations and more thoughtful discussions that center learners over institutions. Sciurba’s “Black Youth Poetry of 2020 and Reimagined Literacies” applies a critical literacy lens to a discourse analysis of student-written poetry. In this study, the poetry of a Black youth serves as a means to process anti-Blackness in general and in relation to policing practices specifically. Sciurba concludes by offering best Editorial
识字身份是本卷文章的核心,作者在文章中质疑传统和历史的识字教育方法。缺陷模型不可避免地将文学作品种族化,同时以(男性)白人为中心,使学习者及其经历体面化。正如本文所述,识字教育的几乎每个方面都受到赤字观点的影响:测试和评估、教师教育、学生参与和课堂实践都会使学生及其家庭的赤字观点长期存在。本卷中的作者利用实证研究提出了实用的教学工具,使识字教育工作者摆脱教育和教学的赤字和债务模式。通过这样做,识字的身份并没有被种族边缘化,非白人学生是以中心而非其他人为中心的。在这本书中,我们开始回答这样一个问题:反种族主义、反赤字的扫盲教育可以是什么样子,也应该是什么样子?在“通往识字身份的门户时刻”中,Enright、Wong和Sanchez研究了少数族裔高中生的识字身份。虽然赤字模型在种族上边缘化了有色人种学生的识字身份,但权威的识字身份以学习者及其身份、语言和语言库为中心。这些作者断言,教师必须做出拒绝前者、促进后者的教学选择。Ascenzi Moreno和Seltzer在他们的文章《永远在底层:评估新兴双语者的意识形态》中,使用跨语言和种族主义的视角来探索多语言资源在评估新兴双语学生阅读成绩中的作用。虽然评估对初出茅庐的双语者来说可能会有问题,但对有色人种的语言学习者来说尤其令人担忧。因此,作者得出结论,现有的阅读评估是种族化的,并呼吁开发无偏见的评估工具。在《感觉如何支持学生的文学课堂讨论》一书中,Levine、Trepper、Chung和Coehlo对情感评估进行了研究,这是一种自我评估形式,读者可以在其中反思自己对文本的反应。当部署在高中课堂上时,情感讨论和自我评价会让学生超越“一个正确的答案”,参与更广泛的解释和更深思熟虑的讨论,将学习者置于机构之上。Sciurba的《2020年黑人青年诗歌与重塑文学》将批判性识字视角应用于学生诗歌的话语分析。在这项研究中,黑人青年的诗歌作为一种手段来处理总体上的反黑人行为,特别是与警务实践的关系。Sciurba提供最佳社论
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引用次数: 0
How Feeling Supports Students’ Interpretive Discussions About Literature 情感如何支持学生文学解释性讨论
IF 2.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1177/1086296x211052249
S. Levine, Karoline Trepper, Rosalie Hiuyan Chung, Raquel Coelho
Research indicates that feeling is fundamental to the multilayered experience of literary interpretation. However, despite great strides in U.S. high school classrooms, discussions about literature are still often characterized by known-answer discourses that exclude feeling. This article builds on small-scale studies of affective evaluation, an interpretive approach in which readers attend to and reflect on their feeling-based responses to texts. Those studies, focused on individual students, showed that when responding to texts with feeling, students were more likely to build multilayered interpretations as opposed to summary or one-dimensional thematic interpretations. The current study explores affective evaluation in the more complex arena of class discussion, where known-answer discourses are particularly entrenched. We compared the same teachers and students using affective evaluation in one discussion, but not the other. Discussions using affective evaluation were correlated with increased multidimensional interpretation, adding to evidence that feeling enriches students’ literary sense-making and disrupts known-answer discourses.
研究表明,感觉是文学阐释的多层次体验的基础。然而,尽管在美国高中课堂上取得了长足的进步,但关于文学的讨论仍然经常以排除情感的已知答案话语为特征。本文建立在对情感评价的小规模研究的基础上,情感评价是一种解释性的方法,读者可以关注和反思他们对文本的基于感觉的反应。这些针对个别学生的研究表明,当对文本做出有感觉的回应时,学生更有可能建立多层次的解释,而不是总结或一维的主题解释。目前的研究探索了课堂讨论中更复杂的领域中的情感评价,在课堂讨论中,已知答案话语尤其根深蒂固。我们在一次讨论中比较了同样的教师和学生使用情感评价的情况,但在另一次中没有。使用情感评价的讨论与增加的多维解释相关,这进一步证明了情感丰富了学生的文学感,扰乱了已知的答案话语。
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引用次数: 6
Coaching Using Racial Literacy in Preservice Teacher Education 在职前教师教育中运用种族素养指导
IF 2.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1177/1086296X211052246
Melissa Mosley Wetzel, Ann Daly, Kira Leekeenan, N. Svrcek
Drawing on a theoretical framework that centers race, racism, and anti-racism, this study explores a coaching conference in preservice literacy teacher education. In classrooms, teachers often encounter disruptions in the community; however, those disruptions are often seen as problems to be solved and are addressed without interrogating race discourses. This study builds on previous research that has explored how teachers engage in developing understandings about race in relation to their practice using discursive tools of racial literacy. We ask, How do three White teachers draw on race discourses that are racist and anti-racist within the context of one coaching event, a post-conference? Using critical discourse analysis, we describe and interpret how race discourses were drawn upon and disrupted in the conference. We conclude with a discussion of the racial literacy practices that have promise in this coaching context and in other professional settings.
基于以种族、种族主义和反种族主义为中心的理论框架,本研究探讨了职前扫盲教师教育的辅导会议。在课堂上,教师经常遇到社区的干扰;然而,这些干扰通常被视为需要解决的问题,并且在不询问种族话语的情况下得到解决。这项研究建立在之前的研究基础上,该研究探讨了教师如何在使用种族素养的话语工具的实践中发展对种族的理解。我们问,三位白人教师如何在一次辅导活动,一次会后的背景下,利用种族主义和反种族主义的言论?通过批判性话语分析,我们描述和解释了种族话语是如何在会议中被利用和破坏的。最后,我们讨论了在这种指导背景下和其他专业环境中有希望的种族扫盲实践。
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引用次数: 3
Black Youth Poetry of 2020 and Reimagined Literacies 2020年黑人青年诗歌和重新想象的文学
IF 2.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/1086296X211052264
Katie Sciurba
In response to anti-Black policing in 2020 that led to the deaths of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor, Black children and teens turned to poetry as a means to channel their self-described terror, rage, pain, horror, tiredness, and need for change. Reminiscent of the poetry of the Black Arts Movement and works published in The Black Panther newspaper, these poems, many of which call for a “revolution,” are reflective of young people’s critical engagements with the world and the word. With critical literacy as a framework, I engage in critical discourse analysis to determine how the young poets reimagine literacy as they protest anti-Black policing and racism. By focusing on young people’s own grassroots literacy initiatives, which call for the reimagination of blackness and whiteness, and demand truth, justice, and reimagined futures, I demonstrate how educators can reimagine literacy practices to center students’ criticalities and prioritize racial justice.
作为对2020年导致乔治·弗洛伊德和布伦娜·泰勒死亡的反黑人警察的回应,黑人儿童和青少年将诗歌作为一种手段,来传递他们自称的恐怖、愤怒、痛苦、恐怖、疲惫和改变的需要。这些诗歌让人想起了黑人艺术运动的诗歌和《黑豹报》上发表的作品,其中许多呼吁“革命”,反映了年轻人对世界和世界的批判。以批判性识字为框架,我进行批判性话语分析,以确定年轻诗人在抗议反黑人警察和种族主义时如何重新构想识字。通过关注年轻人自己的基层扫盲倡议,这些倡议呼吁重新想象黑人和白人,并要求真相、正义和重新想象未来,我展示了教育工作者如何重新构想扫盲实践,以集中学生的批评并优先考虑种族正义。
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引用次数: 1
Gateway Moments to Literate Identities 通往文学身份的门户时刻
IF 2.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/1086296X211052260
K. Enright, Joanna W. Wong, Sergio L. Sanchez
Drawing from theories of identity, language, and race, we conceptualize gateway moments to literate identities in high school English language arts classrooms enrolling language-minoritized youth. Gateways were interactions that afforded particular kinds of literate identities for youth. Deficit literate identities often invoked racialized language and literacy ideologies; authoritative literate identities engaged youths’ full cultural and linguistic repertoires to create and critique knowledge. Occasionally, youth enacted authoritative classroom literate identities alongside or in response to dominant deficit frames of their literate abilities during planned and spontaneous classroom interaction. We note in each type of gateway opportunities for teachers to open space for youths’ authoritative knowledge-producing literate identities. We aim to illustrate how a single instructional choice or classroom interaction ranges in effect from maintaining and reinforcing oppressive legacies and deficit literate identities to centering youth and their language and literacy repertoires in learning experiences for more socially just interactions and learning.
根据身份、语言和种族的理论,我们在招收语言少数民族青年的高中英语语言艺术课堂上概念化了识字身份的关键时刻。通道是一种互动,为年轻人提供了特殊的文化身份。缺乏识字的身份往往会引发种族化的语言和扫盲意识形态;权威的识字身份使青年充分发挥其文化和语言技能来创造和批判知识。偶尔,在有计划和自发的课堂互动中,青年制定了权威的课堂文化身份,与他们的文学能力的主要缺陷框架一起或响应。我们注意到,在每种类型的门户中,教师都有机会为青年的权威知识生产文化身份开辟空间。我们的目标是说明单一的教学选择或课堂互动如何从维持和加强压迫性遗产和识字缺陷身份到将青年及其语言和识字技能集中在学习经验中,以实现更社会公正的互动和学习。
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引用次数: 0
Righting the Literacy Teacher Education Debt: A Matter of Justice 纠正扫盲教师教育债务:一个正义的问题
IF 2.6 2区 教育学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/1086296X211052240
Mariana Souto-Manning
The literacies of Black and other communities of Color have long been narrated pathologically in literacy teacher education. Literacy teacher educators have been complicit in upholding linguistic injustice and enacting linguistic violence in and through their practices, devaluing the practices, marginalizing the experiences, and interrogating the humanity of Black and other teachers of Color. In this article, extending Ladson-Billings's concept of the education debt, I assess the literacy teacher education debt, unveiling how white English and whiteness in general have been (over)valued and positioned as currency in literacy teacher education. After (re)examining and (re)assessing offenses and harms inflicted by literacy teacher education across historical, economic, sociopolitical, and moral realms, composing the literacy teacher education debt, I take a restorative justice approach and offer an invitation to right literacy teacher education by addressing obligations and committing to healing as a matter of justice.
长期以来,黑人和其他有色人种社区的文学在扫盲教师教育中一直被病态地叙述。扫盲教师教育工作者一直是维护语言不公正的同谋,并通过他们的做法实施语言暴力,贬低这些做法,边缘化这些经历,并质疑黑人和其他有色人种教师的人性。在这篇文章中,我扩展了Ladson Billings的教育债务概念,评估了识字教师的教育债务,揭示了白人英语和白人在识字教师教育中是如何被(过度)重视和定位为货币的。在(重新)审查和(重新)评估了扫盲教师教育在历史、经济、社会政治和道德领域造成的犯罪和伤害,构成了扫盲教师的教育债务之后,我采取了恢复性司法的方法,并通过解决义务和承诺将治愈作为一种正义来邀请正确的扫盲教师教育。
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引用次数: 3
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Journal of Literacy Research
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