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Pandemic populism and permanent campaigning: How Central American presidents build political legitimacy on Facebook 流行病民粹主义和永久性竞选:中美洲总统如何在脸书上建立政治合法性
IF 1.9 3区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/17480485221139440
María Fernanda Salas, I. Siles
This article examines how Carlos Alvarado and Nayib Bukele, presidents of Costa Rica and El Salvador, respectively, employed Facebook throughout 2020 to communicate about the COVID-19 pandemic. The study draws on content analysis of 1584 posts made by both presidents on Facebook throughout 2020. The article argues that Alvarado and Bukele turned the pandemic into a means to build political legitimacy in their specific political context through two main strategies: populist communication and permanent campaigning. Whereas Alvarado relied on these strategies to demonstrate that he was in control of the country amid mounting backlash, Bukele infused both strategies with a religious imaginary to attack political opponents and perform the role of El Salvador's messiah. This analysis broadens the understanding of the relationship between populist communication and permanent campaigning in two main ways. First, by employing a comparative approach to identify singularities and differences in the ways that presidents built political legitimacy during the pandemic in a largely under-examined region (Central America). Second, by situating findings within a wide temporal perspective that included posts in an entire calendar year and comparisons with Alvarado's and Bukele's presidential campaigns.
本文研究了哥斯达黎加总统卡洛斯·阿尔瓦拉多和萨尔瓦多总统纳伊布·布克勒在2020年期间如何利用Facebook就COVID-19大流行进行沟通。该研究分析了两位总统2020年在脸书上发布的1584条帖子的内容。这篇文章认为,Alvarado和Bukele通过两种主要策略,即民粹主义传播和长期竞选,将疫情变成了在其特定政治背景下建立政治合法性的手段。尽管阿尔瓦拉多依靠这些策略来证明他在日益高涨的反弹中控制了这个国家,但布克莱在这两种策略中都注入了一种宗教想象,以攻击政治对手并扮演萨尔瓦多救世主的角色。这一分析从两个主要方面拓宽了对民粹主义传播与永久性竞选之间关系的理解。首先,采用比较方法,找出总统在疫情大流行期间在一个基本未得到充分审查的地区(中美洲)建立政治合法性的方式中的异同点和差异。其次,将调查结果置于一个广泛的时间视角中,包括整个日历年的帖子,并与阿尔瓦拉多和布克勒的总统竞选活动进行比较。
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引用次数: 0
At the intersection of two countries: A comparative critical analysis of COVID-19 communication in Australia and New Zealand. 在两个国家的交叉点:新冠肺炎在澳大利亚和新西兰传播的比较批判性分析
IF 1.3 3区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.1177/17480485221113713
Petra Theunissen, Katharina Wolf

This research provides critical, comparative insights into the public communication responses employed by Australia and New Zealand during the first twelve months following the World Health Organization declaring COVID-19 a global pandemic. The two nations share a similar socio-political and cultural context, but despite being highlighted by the international media as early success stories, their public communication responses to the pandemic showed noteworthy differences. Borrowing from cultural studies, this paper applies the circuit of culture model and offers a snapshot in time that reinforces the importance of socio-cultural awareness when communicating intricate and challenging information. It supports the idea that a range of effective solutions to complex communication challenges are possible and may result in a similar outcome, including strengthened identities and national pride during uncertain times.

这项研究对澳大利亚和新西兰在世界卫生组织宣布新冠肺炎为全球大流行后的前12个月所采取的公共传播应对措施提供了关键的、比较性的见解。这两个国家有着相似的社会政治和文化背景,但尽管国际媒体强调这是早期的成功故事,但它们对疫情的公共传播反应却显示出显著的差异。借鉴文化研究,本文应用了文化循环模型,并提供了一个时间快照,在交流复杂和具有挑战性的信息时,加强了社会文化意识的重要性。它支持这样一种观点,即一系列有效的解决方案是可能的,并可能产生类似的结果,包括在不确定的时期加强身份和民族自豪感。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping participation in ICT4D: A meta-analytic review of development communication research 参与信息通信技术发展:发展传播研究的元分析综述
IF 1.9 3区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/17480485221111308
M. D. Kim, Kyung Sun Lee
We conducted a meta-analytic study of recent (2009 to 2020) information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) research in the field of development communication. Our aim was to explore the conceptualization of participation in the context of ICTs and globalization in contemporary scholarly discourse. We found that most studies published during this period evinced a technological deterministic discourse regarding the process of social change, privileging modernization and neoliberal modes of development. In such contexts, participation has often been conceptualized in terms of invitations to ‘access’ (first-level of participation) and ‘empowerment’ (second-level of participation) at the local level. Despite increasing concern regarding global digital inequalities, research that approaches participation in terms of claims to ‘social justice’ (third-level of participation) associated with global forces has been limited. We found, however, that research emerging from the communication and media disciplines have shown skepticism regarding the dominant trends. The paper concludes with a discussion of future directions in ICT4D for scholars across disciplines.
我们对发展通信领域最近(2009年至2020年)的信息和通信技术促进发展(ICT4D)研究进行了元分析研究。我们的目的是探讨在当代学术话语中,在信息通信技术和全球化的背景下参与的概念。我们发现,这一时期发表的大多数研究都表明,关于社会变革过程、赋予现代化和新自由主义发展模式特权的话语具有技术确定性。在这种情况下,参与的概念往往是邀请地方一级的“参与”(第一级参与)和“赋权”(第二级参与)。尽管人们越来越关注全球数字不平等,但从与全球力量相关的“社会正义”(第三层次的参与)的角度来看待参与的研究有限。然而,我们发现,来自传播和媒体学科的研究对主流趋势表示怀疑。论文最后讨论了跨学科学者在ICT4D方面的未来方向。
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引用次数: 0
News framing of the 2014–15 Ukraine conflict by the BBC and RT BBC和RT对2014-2015年乌克兰冲突的新闻报道
IF 1.9 3区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/17480485231158904
Zixiu Liu
This article explores the dynamic relationship between international news organisations and politics in the United Kingdom and Russia. Using the 2014–15 Ukraine conflict as its case study, this research argues that humanitarianism has been applied to set the news agenda by RT. The BBC, on the other hand, used relatively less human rights frames but depicted Russia and Russia-backed separatists as responsible for the conflict. Despite the concepts of manufacturing consent and indexing may not capture the arguments in journalistic practice comprehensively, they are useful in explaining and revealing broader insights into the market and politics-driven media industry and the illiberal tendency in the reporting of international war/conflict in that news framing constitutes a vital soft power tool. This also raises the question that where should we draw lines of distinction between the state-sponsored soft power media RT and the publicly funded BBC.
本文探讨了英国和俄罗斯国际新闻机构与政治之间的动态关系。本研究以2014-15年乌克兰冲突为例,认为人道主义已经被rt应用于设定新闻议程。另一方面,BBC使用了相对较少的人权框架,但将俄罗斯和俄罗斯支持的分裂分子描述为冲突的责任。尽管制造同意和索引的概念可能无法全面捕捉新闻实践中的争论,但它们有助于解释和揭示对市场和政治驱动的媒体行业的更广泛见解,以及新闻框架构成重要软实力工具的国际战争/冲突报道中的不自由倾向。这也提出了一个问题:我们应该在哪里划分国家资助的软实力媒体RT和公共资助的BBC之间的界限?
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引用次数: 0
Content is power: Cultural engineering and political control over transnational television 内容就是力量:文化工程与跨国电视的政治控制
IF 1.9 3区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.1177/17480485231152879
Ece Algan, Yeşim Kaptan
Since the 2000s, the television industry in Turkey has emerged as a transnational business and as one of the largest TV program exporters worldwide. However, Turkish television is still largely national in its production practices and content, and thus, highly vulnerable to the domestic political landscape and media regulations of the government. In the last two decades, rather than endorsing the independent growth of this emerging industry in the international markets, the Turkish government has erected barriers by tightening censorship and passing new regulations to control national television and its content production. The AKP government deployed various state apparatuses, including Turkey's public broadcasting channel (TRT), English language news channel (TRT World), and the regulatory agency Radio and Television Supreme Council (RTÜK) to foster the type of television content that can ideologically serve the AKP's conservative and neo-Ottomanist agendas. Drawing on the political economy of media and through critical analysis, this paper analyzes how these state mechanisms are used to instrumentalize TV exports and media institutions in service of President Erdoğan's cultural, economic, and foreign policy agendas within the country and abroad. By investigating the tension between the state's ideological project and the regional, transnational, and global mediasphere, our work sheds light on how the implementation of the government's new media and cultural policies, top-down directives and pressures from the state and government on both the TV industry and its audience, and South-to-South cultural flows have shaped the Turkish TV industry and its content in the last two decades.
自2000年代以来,土耳其的电视行业已成为一家跨国企业,也是全球最大的电视节目出口国之一。然而,土耳其电视台的制作实践和内容在很大程度上仍然是全国性的,因此极易受到国内政治形势和政府媒体监管的影响。在过去的二十年里,土耳其政府非但没有支持这个新兴行业在国际市场上的独立发展,反而通过加强审查和通过新的法规来控制国家电视台及其内容制作,从而设置了障碍。正义与发展党政府部署了各种国家机构,包括土耳其公共广播频道(TRT)、英语新闻频道(TRT-World)和监管机构广播电视最高委员会(RTÜK),以培育能够在意识形态上为正义与发展派保守派和新奥斯曼主义议程服务的电视内容。本文借鉴媒体的政治经济学,通过批判性分析,分析了这些国家机制如何被用来利用电视出口和媒体机构,为埃尔多安总统在国内外的文化、经济和外交政策议程服务。通过调查国家意识形态项目与地区、跨国和全球媒体领域之间的紧张关系,我们的工作揭示了政府新媒体和文化政策的实施、自上而下的指令以及国家和政府对电视行业及其观众的压力,在过去二十年中,南北文化流动塑造了土耳其电视产业及其内容。
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引用次数: 0
Embedding Crimea in Russia(n Empire): Russian views on Crimea in the series ‘Kurt Seyit and Shura/Alexandra’ 将克里米亚嵌入俄罗斯(n帝国):“库尔特·赛伊特与舒拉/亚历山德拉”系列中的俄罗斯人对克里米亚的看法
IF 1.9 3区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/17480485231152871
D. Brileva
Despite the Russian viewers’ interest in Turkish TV series, only a few Turkish TV series got aired on a federal channel in Russia. One of them is ‘Kurt Seyit and Shura.’ It was broadcast in Turkey between 4 March and 20 November 2014, coinciding with the beginning and the acute phase of Russia's annexation of Crimea. The historical context of the events depicted in the TV series (especially St Petersburg and Crimea in late imperial Russia) aligns to the highest with the new Russian ideology, which began to consider Crimea a part of modern Russia. Soon the series got translated into Russian and broadcast in Russia on a federal channel. Ironically, for the Russian audience, it exemplified the historical integration of Crimean Tatars in the history of the Russian Empire. The article considers perception of the TV series in Russia as ‘misunderstanding’ between two cultural hegemonies: Turkey and Russia.
尽管俄罗斯观众对土耳其电视剧很感兴趣,但只有少数土耳其电视剧在俄罗斯联邦频道播出。其中之一是“库尔特·塞伊特和舒拉”该节目于2014年3月4日至11月20日在土耳其播出,恰逢俄罗斯吞并克里米亚的开始和严重阶段。电视剧中描述的事件的历史背景(尤其是俄罗斯帝国晚期的圣彼得堡和克里米亚)与新俄罗斯意识形态的最高点一致,新俄罗斯意识形态开始将克里米亚视为现代俄罗斯的一部分。很快,该剧被翻译成俄语,并在俄罗斯联邦频道播出。具有讽刺意味的是,对于俄罗斯观众来说,它体现了克里米亚鞑靼人在俄罗斯帝国历史上的历史融合。本文认为,俄罗斯电视剧是土耳其和俄罗斯两个文化霸权之间的“误解”。
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引用次数: 0
Selling Turkish quality: Multiple proximities and Turkish format exports in the post-streaming era 销售土耳其品质:后流媒体时代的多种接近和土耳其格式出口
IF 1.9 3区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/17480485231152541
Şebnem Baran
A close analysis of puhutv’s Şahsiyet (Persona, 2018) and its Mexican adaptation for HBO Max Latin America (HBO Max Latinoamérica), Asesino del Olvido (Before I Forget, 2021) reveals that the show’s hybridization of the Turkish series’ melodramatic conventions with the Anglo-American quality TV characteristics is the key to its adaptability for Mexican audiences. Melodrama’s domination in both Turkey and Mexico contributes to the similar utilization of melodramatic elements when the Anglo-American quality TV model is adapted for the local audiences. Therefore, the proximity around the mainstream popularity of melodramas in both markets and the shared juxtaposition of melodrama and quality allow Şahsiyet to flow as a quality TV format between Turkey and Mexico.
仔细分析puhutv的Şahsiyet (Persona, 2018)及其为HBO Max Latin America (HBO Max latinoam rica)改编的墨西哥版《Asesino del Olvido》(Before I Forget, 2021)可以发现,该剧将土耳其剧集的情节剧传统与英美优质电视特点相结合,是其适应墨西哥观众的关键。情节剧在土耳其和墨西哥的主导地位,使得英美优质电视模式在适应当地观众时,对情节剧元素的使用相似。因此,在这两个市场中,情节剧的主流流行程度以及情节剧和质量的共同并置于一起,使得Şahsiyet作为一种高质量的电视格式在土耳其和墨西哥之间流动。
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引用次数: 0
Mediated public diplomacy and peace journalism: International public news agencies on the Syrian crisis 调解公共外交与和平新闻:国际公共新闻机构对叙利亚危机的报道
IF 1.9 3区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/17480485231151580
M. Ersoy, Emre Iseri
As the liberal international order has been falling, the heteropolar order coupled with politics of uncertainty has been rising. In this context, illiberal regimes of status-seeking powers have realized the value of public diplomacy to promulgate their versions of the “reality.” Those illiberal regimes’ adoption of public diplomacy tools (incl. international public news agencies) has generated discussions on theoretical and practical approaches to the field at the intersection of political science/international relations, media, and communication studies. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to contribute to the emerging literature on public diplomacy of non-Western illiberal democracies. With the assumption that those regimes' illiberal democratic characteristics will be reflected in their public agencies' coverage styles (e.g., monologic, conflictive, and unbalanced), the article raises the following question: How do illiberal democracies utilize international public agencies as public diplomacy channels? To answer this question, it compares framing strategies (peace/war journalism) of the Russian TASS and the Turkish Anatolian Agency public agencies during the Syrian crisis. The findings reveal that those illiberal regimes’ public agencies have reported the crisis as a state-centric monolog in conflict with the West by distrupting the global public good (i.e., peace).
随着自由主义国际秩序的衰落,与不确定性政治相结合的异极秩序正在崛起。在这种背景下,追求地位的非自由主义政权已经意识到公共外交的价值,即传播他们的“现实”版本。那些不自由的政权采用公共外交工具(包括国际公共新闻机构)已经在政治学/国际关系、媒体和传播学的交叉领域引发了关于理论和实践方法的讨论。在此背景下,本文旨在为新兴的非西方非自由民主国家的公共外交文献做出贡献。假设这些政权的非自由民主特征将反映在其公共机构的报道风格上(如单一的、冲突的和不平衡的),本文提出了以下问题:非自由民主国家如何利用国际公共机构作为公共外交渠道?为了回答这个问题,它比较了俄罗斯塔斯社和土耳其安纳托利亚通讯社在叙利亚危机期间的框架策略(和平/战争新闻)。研究结果表明,那些不自由的政权的公共机构将这场危机报道为一场以国家为中心的独白,通过破坏全球公共利益(即和平)与西方发生冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing China's news coverage and soft power in Latin America in the wake of the Belt and Road Initiative (2013–2021) “一带一路”倡议倡议后中国在拉美的新闻报道和软实力评估(2013-2021)
IF 1.9 3区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/17480485221139466
Andrea Morante, H. D. Wu
This study assesses the impact of China's mediated communication strategies implemented in Latin America from 2013 to 2021. We content-analyzed the press coverage about China in nine countries and unveiled tones, topics, and frames which were then examined further across different sources. Public sentiments toward China were gauged to infer a potential link to China's communication efforts. Overall, China's program to influence Latin American media outlets and public opinion has not resulted in substantial gains; the region's sentiment toward China actually deteriorated. There is a communication gap between Chinese and Latin American publics, which is inimical to public diplomacy.
本研究评估了2013年至2021年中国在拉丁美洲实施的中介沟通战略的影响。我们对九个国家关于中国的新闻报道进行了内容分析,并揭示了语气、主题和框架,然后通过不同的来源对其进行了进一步的研究。公众对中国的情绪被用来推断与中国的沟通努力之间的潜在联系。总的来说,中国影响拉美媒体和舆论的计划没有取得实质性成果;该地区对中国的情绪实际上恶化了。中拉公众之间存在着沟通鸿沟,这不利于公共外交。
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引用次数: 1
Belt and Road Initiative-supported co-production films: Film policy and disoriented remembrance of the Silk Road past “一带一路”倡议支持的合拍电影:电影政策和对丝绸之路过去的迷失记忆
IF 1.9 3区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/17480485221139464
Pengnan Hu
Through policy analysis and close reading of two films, this article reveals films’ increasing role in China's geopolitical plan, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The co-production film Xuanzang shows that the Silk Road past is used to illustrate BRI's pledge for a beneficial future. Even though Xuanzang's story alludes to history, it was selected for its significance in popular culture, thereby reflecting ‘hyperreality’. In any event, the Silk Road is insufficient for connecting a region characterized by complex histories and societies. As shown in The Composer, the Silk Road is a convenient metaphor used to portray any friendly history.
通过对两部电影的政策分析和细读,本文揭示了电影在中国的地缘政治计划“一带一路”(BRI)中日益重要的作用。联合制作的电影《玄奘》展示了丝绸之路的过去,展示了“一带一路”对美好未来的承诺。尽管玄奘的故事暗指历史,但它之所以被选中,是因为它在大众文化中的重要性,从而反映了“超现实”。无论如何,丝绸之路不足以连接一个具有复杂历史和社会特征的地区。正如《作曲家》所示,丝绸之路是用来描述任何友好历史的一个方便的比喻。
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引用次数: 0
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International Communication Gazette
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