Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2022.2149455
S. Carlton, Sylvia Nissen, J. Wong
ABSTRACT The Student Volunteer Army was formed following the earthquake sequence of 2010–2011 in Christchurch, Aotearoa New Zealand, and has since been widely celebrated as a youth-led volunteer disaster response. More than ten years after the mobilisation, we trace the legacies of this action through in-depth interviews. Our findings demonstrate that informal disaster volunteerism can generate numerous legacies that span the biographical, social and institutional arenas. Utilising the analogy of ripples in a lake, we identify how these ripples from the student-led mobilisation extended well beyond the temporal and spatial confines of the disaster context in which they originated, and gained their own momentum in ways that were at times consciously encouraged by actors but also unintended. In identifying these legacies, our analysis helps better understand the potential impact of informal disaster volunteerism beyond the material contribution made in the immediate disaster response period. Our discussion considers the theoretical and practical implications of situating informal disaster volunteerism in a temporal context that extends prior to and well after disaster.
{"title":"Ripples from an earthquake: legacies of a disaster volunteer response","authors":"S. Carlton, Sylvia Nissen, J. Wong","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2022.2149455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2022.2149455","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Student Volunteer Army was formed following the earthquake sequence of 2010–2011 in Christchurch, Aotearoa New Zealand, and has since been widely celebrated as a youth-led volunteer disaster response. More than ten years after the mobilisation, we trace the legacies of this action through in-depth interviews. Our findings demonstrate that informal disaster volunteerism can generate numerous legacies that span the biographical, social and institutional arenas. Utilising the analogy of ripples in a lake, we identify how these ripples from the student-led mobilisation extended well beyond the temporal and spatial confines of the disaster context in which they originated, and gained their own momentum in ways that were at times consciously encouraged by actors but also unintended. In identifying these legacies, our analysis helps better understand the potential impact of informal disaster volunteerism beyond the material contribution made in the immediate disaster response period. Our discussion considers the theoretical and practical implications of situating informal disaster volunteerism in a temporal context that extends prior to and well after disaster.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"37 1","pages":"367 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77852544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2022.2141179
T. Nguyen, P. Stahlmann-Brown, Ilan Noy
ABSTRACT We analyze the perception of farmers in New Zealand with regards to future drought risk as shaped by climatic change and the implications of these perceptions for climate mitigation and adaptation actions that these farmers choose to pursue. The policy options examined include reducing greenhouse gas emissions, strengthening climate resilience, and using water resources more efficiently. Almost all farmers in New Zealand expect an increase in drought frequency and intensity by 2050. We also find that age, gender, and education are correlated with future drought risk perceptions by farmers. Female farmers and farmers with higher education are more concerned about future droughts. Importantly, drought perception of farmers is associated with their climate-related mitigation and adaptation preferences. If farmers perceive an increase in drought risk by 2050, they will focus more on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the climate resilience of their farms, and trying to improve their use of water resources. Understanding how drought risk perceptions are shaped, and specifically their role in determining mitigation and adaptation decisions, may shed some useful light that can improve policy responses to the risks of droughts and climate change more broadly.
{"title":"Past experience of drought, drought risk perception, and climate mitigation and adaptation decisions by farmers in New Zealand","authors":"T. Nguyen, P. Stahlmann-Brown, Ilan Noy","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2022.2141179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2022.2141179","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We analyze the perception of farmers in New Zealand with regards to future drought risk as shaped by climatic change and the implications of these perceptions for climate mitigation and adaptation actions that these farmers choose to pursue. The policy options examined include reducing greenhouse gas emissions, strengthening climate resilience, and using water resources more efficiently. Almost all farmers in New Zealand expect an increase in drought frequency and intensity by 2050. We also find that age, gender, and education are correlated with future drought risk perceptions by farmers. Female farmers and farmers with higher education are more concerned about future droughts. Importantly, drought perception of farmers is associated with their climate-related mitigation and adaptation preferences. If farmers perceive an increase in drought risk by 2050, they will focus more on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the climate resilience of their farms, and trying to improve their use of water resources. Understanding how drought risk perceptions are shaped, and specifically their role in determining mitigation and adaptation decisions, may shed some useful light that can improve policy responses to the risks of droughts and climate change more broadly.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"24 1","pages":"264 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81623083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2022.2142500
A. Roy
ABSTRACT Floods include some of the most frequent and costliest extreme weather events in Aotearoa New Zealand. Using data from Statistics New Zealand’s Integrated Data Infrastructure and Historical Weather Events Catalogue from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), this study empirically investigates the impact of floods on individual income across the country. The study considered thirteen economically significant flood events and the income of all the Inland Revenue registered individuals between 2000 and 2019. The impact of floods on the affected individual’s annual income was assessed using panel regressions with individual and time-fixed effects. Despite the large floods-induced privately insured damages, floods had no significant impact on individual annual incomes from salary, wage, self-employment, and total income across various specifications.
{"title":"Income and floods in New Zealand","authors":"A. Roy","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2022.2142500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2022.2142500","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Floods include some of the most frequent and costliest extreme weather events in Aotearoa New Zealand. Using data from Statistics New Zealand’s Integrated Data Infrastructure and Historical Weather Events Catalogue from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), this study empirically investigates the impact of floods on individual income across the country. The study considered thirteen economically significant flood events and the income of all the Inland Revenue registered individuals between 2000 and 2019. The impact of floods on the affected individual’s annual income was assessed using panel regressions with individual and time-fixed effects. Despite the large floods-induced privately insured damages, floods had no significant impact on individual annual incomes from salary, wage, self-employment, and total income across various specifications.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"19 1","pages":"334 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88884567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2022.2141180
F. Pourzand
ABSTRACT This paper estimates the regional impact of drought, as defined by the New Zealand Drought Index (NZDI), on-farm income and profits across the main agricultural regions in New Zealand. We use farm micro-data (tax forms) from Statistics New Zealand's Longitudinal Business Database (LBD). The empirical strategy relies on region-specific panel-data models with fixed effects. We find that outcomes vary across regions and land uses. The main dairy regions (Waikato and Taranaki) have experienced significant positive impacts, likely resulting from drought-induced higher milk prices. In contrast, sheep/beef farms’ gross income and profit were negatively affected by droughts across most sheep/beef regions. Across all regions, the estimations also show that drought events do not have any observable persistent impact on farm income and profits, on average, past the first couple of years.
{"title":"Regional differences in the effects of drought events on farm profitability in New Zealand","authors":"F. Pourzand","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2022.2141180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2022.2141180","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper estimates the regional impact of drought, as defined by the New Zealand Drought Index (NZDI), on-farm income and profits across the main agricultural regions in New Zealand. We use farm micro-data (tax forms) from Statistics New Zealand's Longitudinal Business Database (LBD). The empirical strategy relies on region-specific panel-data models with fixed effects. We find that outcomes vary across regions and land uses. The main dairy regions (Waikato and Taranaki) have experienced significant positive impacts, likely resulting from drought-induced higher milk prices. In contrast, sheep/beef farms’ gross income and profit were negatively affected by droughts across most sheep/beef regions. Across all regions, the estimations also show that drought events do not have any observable persistent impact on farm income and profits, on average, past the first couple of years.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"606 1","pages":"285 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85746538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2022.2141178
Rotem Dvir, Carol L Goldsmith, Ian Seavey, A. Vedlitz
ABSTRACT Prior research on natural hazards resilience demonstrate that citizens favor immediate and direct solutions to disasters, and are less supportive of future-oriented prevention strategies. These perceptions create incentives for politicians to adopt similar views. In this study, we explore the views of an intermediate group of stakeholders – public and professional managers who play a role in the process of designing disaster relief and prevention policies. Using a survey of professional stakeholders in Texas, we map their views on the causes and policy solutions for the damages following Hurricane Harvey (Summer 2017). Overall, we find that professional stakeholders hold fairly similar views to the public. Yet, they differ from citizens as they are less supportive of distributing direct payments, instead preferring to allocate funds towards long-term prevention solutions, and creating a regulatory environment to reduce the risks. Also, our results indicate that having personal experience of hazard events further enhance those views, and stakeholders in government positions prefer even less direct governmental involvement in disaster resilience. Our findings expand existing knowledge regarding individual perceptions and policy preferences facing natural hazards by discussing the views of professionals who play important roles in designing solutions to mitigate the growing risks from climate change.
{"title":"Local-level managers’ attitudes towards natural hazards resilience: the case of Texas","authors":"Rotem Dvir, Carol L Goldsmith, Ian Seavey, A. Vedlitz","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2022.2141178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2022.2141178","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Prior research on natural hazards resilience demonstrate that citizens favor immediate and direct solutions to disasters, and are less supportive of future-oriented prevention strategies. These perceptions create incentives for politicians to adopt similar views. In this study, we explore the views of an intermediate group of stakeholders – public and professional managers who play a role in the process of designing disaster relief and prevention policies. Using a survey of professional stakeholders in Texas, we map their views on the causes and policy solutions for the damages following Hurricane Harvey (Summer 2017). Overall, we find that professional stakeholders hold fairly similar views to the public. Yet, they differ from citizens as they are less supportive of distributing direct payments, instead preferring to allocate funds towards long-term prevention solutions, and creating a regulatory environment to reduce the risks. Also, our results indicate that having personal experience of hazard events further enhance those views, and stakeholders in government positions prefer even less direct governmental involvement in disaster resilience. Our findings expand existing knowledge regarding individual perceptions and policy preferences facing natural hazards by discussing the views of professionals who play important roles in designing solutions to mitigate the growing risks from climate change.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"42 1","pages":"243 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78338695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2022.2141181
Kent B. Barnes
ABSTRACT There was a female bias in deaths during metropolitan London’s last epidemic of bubonic plague. This was unusual for the period and place, for on an annual basis, male deaths typically exceeded female deaths, a pattern that included prior plague years. This study examines this gender bias in mortality during the 1665–1666 epidemic through statistical analyses and a review of prior studies. Analyses of mortality data obtained from the London Bills of Mortality for the epidemic and the period reveal how unlikely female deaths exceeding male deaths was for early modern London. The historical studies are consulted to gain insights into insights into differential exposure to the disease based on gender. Greater female vulnerability accounts for the anomalous parity of female and male deaths. Increased deaths from childbed during the plague year drove the convergence of female and male deaths, and plague was likely a contributing factor in these deaths. Moreover, gendered divisions of labour based on the types of livelihoods afforded women compared to men, as well as the tasks assigned to recipients of public relief during the epidemic, resulted in greater exposure of women to plague. These drove up the proportion of female deaths during the plague year.
{"title":"The gendered dimensions of London’s last bubonic plague epidemic 1665–1666","authors":"Kent B. Barnes","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2022.2141181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2022.2141181","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There was a female bias in deaths during metropolitan London’s last epidemic of bubonic plague. This was unusual for the period and place, for on an annual basis, male deaths typically exceeded female deaths, a pattern that included prior plague years. This study examines this gender bias in mortality during the 1665–1666 epidemic through statistical analyses and a review of prior studies. Analyses of mortality data obtained from the London Bills of Mortality for the epidemic and the period reveal how unlikely female deaths exceeding male deaths was for early modern London. The historical studies are consulted to gain insights into insights into differential exposure to the disease based on gender. Greater female vulnerability accounts for the anomalous parity of female and male deaths. Increased deaths from childbed during the plague year drove the convergence of female and male deaths, and plague was likely a contributing factor in these deaths. Moreover, gendered divisions of labour based on the types of livelihoods afforded women compared to men, as well as the tasks assigned to recipients of public relief during the epidemic, resulted in greater exposure of women to plague. These drove up the proportion of female deaths during the plague year.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"12 1","pages":"309 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78546613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2022.2130860
Simone Ruane, Courtney Babb, M. Swapan
ABSTRACT In Australia, bushfire risk in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) is increasing due to climate change and urbanisation. Like other complex issues, policy strategies for addressing bushfire risk are multi-faceted, involve diverse stakeholders, and are highly contested. Based on a case study of south-west Western Australia (south-west WA), we identify three key policy strategies for adapting to increased bushfire risk in WUI areas: broad-scaled prescribed burning, local bushfire risk management and land-use planning. We examine these policy strategies, firstly, to contrast their institutional arrangements and framing of goals and actions, and, secondly, to explore sustainability trade-offs. This analysis found that all policy strategies for adapting to increased bushfire risk in WUI areas have sustainability trade-offs that need to be considered. In particular, the research identified that the current bushfire policy regime has likely consequences for biodiversity conservation, nature-based interactions, health and wellbeing and local economic development. We argue that to avoid maladaptation, more sophisticated models of risk assessment, which consider the sustainability trade-offs of bushfire policy decisions and actions are needed.
{"title":"Considering sustainability trade-offs in bushfire policy for the wildland-urban interface","authors":"Simone Ruane, Courtney Babb, M. Swapan","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2022.2130860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2022.2130860","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Australia, bushfire risk in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) is increasing due to climate change and urbanisation. Like other complex issues, policy strategies for addressing bushfire risk are multi-faceted, involve diverse stakeholders, and are highly contested. Based on a case study of south-west Western Australia (south-west WA), we identify three key policy strategies for adapting to increased bushfire risk in WUI areas: broad-scaled prescribed burning, local bushfire risk management and land-use planning. We examine these policy strategies, firstly, to contrast their institutional arrangements and framing of goals and actions, and, secondly, to explore sustainability trade-offs. This analysis found that all policy strategies for adapting to increased bushfire risk in WUI areas have sustainability trade-offs that need to be considered. In particular, the research identified that the current bushfire policy regime has likely consequences for biodiversity conservation, nature-based interactions, health and wellbeing and local economic development. We argue that to avoid maladaptation, more sophisticated models of risk assessment, which consider the sustainability trade-offs of bushfire policy decisions and actions are needed.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"46 1","pages":"221 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78800423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-12DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2022.2130854
Chati Jerry Tasantab, T. Gajendran, K. Maund
ABSTRACT This study presents fresh evidence from an informal settlement in Accra, Ghana, examining how knowledge, understanding, experiences, and feelings about flood risk influence the flood risk perceptions of residents. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, involving the collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. We collected the data through seventeen interviews and 392 household surveys in Glefe, Accra, Ghana. We then conducted a thematic analysis of the qualitative data to understand participants' perceptions and the factors influencing their flood risk perceptions. The factors were used to produce hypotheses about flood risk perception. We subsequently performed regression analyses using the quantitative data to test the hypothesised relationships. The findings revealed that fear, flood experience, and coping experience were the major factors influencing residents' flood risk perceptions. Taken together, these factors had varying levels of influence on risk perceptions, with fear being the most statistically significant. However, it seems that experience held sway over residents' opinions, views, and perceptions. The perceived likelihood of future flooding events was therefore determined by residents' experience with flooding and coping. The study recommends incorporating the flooding and coping experiences of residents into adaptation mechanisms because these influence their perceptions of the flooding risks.
{"title":"How the past influences the future: flood risk perception in informal settlements","authors":"Chati Jerry Tasantab, T. Gajendran, K. Maund","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2022.2130854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2022.2130854","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study presents fresh evidence from an informal settlement in Accra, Ghana, examining how knowledge, understanding, experiences, and feelings about flood risk influence the flood risk perceptions of residents. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, involving the collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. We collected the data through seventeen interviews and 392 household surveys in Glefe, Accra, Ghana. We then conducted a thematic analysis of the qualitative data to understand participants' perceptions and the factors influencing their flood risk perceptions. The factors were used to produce hypotheses about flood risk perception. We subsequently performed regression analyses using the quantitative data to test the hypothesised relationships. The findings revealed that fear, flood experience, and coping experience were the major factors influencing residents' flood risk perceptions. Taken together, these factors had varying levels of influence on risk perceptions, with fear being the most statistically significant. However, it seems that experience held sway over residents' opinions, views, and perceptions. The perceived likelihood of future flooding events was therefore determined by residents' experience with flooding and coping. The study recommends incorporating the flooding and coping experiences of residents into adaptation mechanisms because these influence their perceptions of the flooding risks.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"19 28-29 1","pages":"201 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78160256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2022.2096556
J. Celse, M. Kensen
ABSTRACT Social vulnerability refers to the inability of some populations, organisations and societies to withstand adverse impacts from multiple stressors to which they are exposed, such as natural hazards. In this paper, we examine the existence of positional concerns (i.e. willingness to incur a loss so as to be above or not to be below others) in social vulnerability that may undermine the strategies and policies aiming at fostering the resilience of socially vulnerable populations. We found that the majority of people express egalitarian preferences, namely, they reject Pareto efficient allocations or gain improvements that benefit more to others than to them because they dislike inequalities. Our results showed that positional concerns are more often expressed than absolute concerns and suggest that policy makers, when tackling the problem of social vulnerability, should take into account citizens’ preferences. We suggest solutions to cope with the problem of positional concerns.
{"title":"Can positional concerns be a threat to disaster management? Assessing the prevalence of positional concerns among socially vulnerable populations in Trinidad & Tobago","authors":"J. Celse, M. Kensen","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2022.2096556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2022.2096556","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Social vulnerability refers to the inability of some populations, organisations and societies to withstand adverse impacts from multiple stressors to which they are exposed, such as natural hazards. In this paper, we examine the existence of positional concerns (i.e. willingness to incur a loss so as to be above or not to be below others) in social vulnerability that may undermine the strategies and policies aiming at fostering the resilience of socially vulnerable populations. We found that the majority of people express egalitarian preferences, namely, they reject Pareto efficient allocations or gain improvements that benefit more to others than to them because they dislike inequalities. Our results showed that positional concerns are more often expressed than absolute concerns and suggest that policy makers, when tackling the problem of social vulnerability, should take into account citizens’ preferences. We suggest solutions to cope with the problem of positional concerns.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"151 1","pages":"152 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86162163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2022.2109569
Julia Cardwell, C. Konrad
ABSTRACT The intensity of extreme events like hurricanes is predicted to increase. As such, the role of federal disaster aid programmes in assisting community recovery will also grow, and potential inequities in these programmes could compound in an increasing disaster landscape. This study analyzes recovery efforts after Hurricane Florence (2018) to identify trends in areas that were targeted for recovery aid. Using a series of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and spatial lag models, divergences in aid are investigated after controlling for physical damage and the study suggests that these divergences can be partially predicted by social and community factors, including characteristics that are typically associated with increased social vulnerability (such as high renter population, older housing stock, and high population of non-white residents). In addition, because North Carolina experienced two major hurricanes in the period of just two years (Hurricane Matthew in 2016), this study also analyzes the role of successive extremes in the outcomes of aid concentration and finds that communities successful in achieving aid after Hurricane Matthew were similarly successful after Hurricane Florence. Finally, the paper emphasises the importance of monitoring potential inequities in federal recovery aid payout, which can provide actionable opportunities for potential improvements to these programmes.
{"title":"Trends in recovery aid concentration following Hurricane Florence in North Carolina: exploring the role of physical damage, community vulnerability, and Hurricane Matthew","authors":"Julia Cardwell, C. Konrad","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2022.2109569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2022.2109569","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The intensity of extreme events like hurricanes is predicted to increase. As such, the role of federal disaster aid programmes in assisting community recovery will also grow, and potential inequities in these programmes could compound in an increasing disaster landscape. This study analyzes recovery efforts after Hurricane Florence (2018) to identify trends in areas that were targeted for recovery aid. Using a series of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and spatial lag models, divergences in aid are investigated after controlling for physical damage and the study suggests that these divergences can be partially predicted by social and community factors, including characteristics that are typically associated with increased social vulnerability (such as high renter population, older housing stock, and high population of non-white residents). In addition, because North Carolina experienced two major hurricanes in the period of just two years (Hurricane Matthew in 2016), this study also analyzes the role of successive extremes in the outcomes of aid concentration and finds that communities successful in achieving aid after Hurricane Matthew were similarly successful after Hurricane Florence. Finally, the paper emphasises the importance of monitoring potential inequities in federal recovery aid payout, which can provide actionable opportunities for potential improvements to these programmes.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":"25 1","pages":"177 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81709138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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