Pub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2021.1898926
Frederike Albrecht
ABSTRACT This study explores how disasters are framed and politicised in the media to provide a systematic assessment of discursive dynamics and external political contexts of natural hazards. Utilising an actor-focused approach, it contributes with knowledge on how politicisation of disaster discourses unfolds. Two similar natural hazard events, the United Kingdom floods of 2005 and 2015, are investigated by means of a content analysis and a political claims analysis. The study finds that a tension between the national government and its contestants following the 2015 floods led to a framing contest which was heavily affected by the external political context at the time. The opposition and journalists constructed a narrative of government failure, not least by intertwining the event with the politically tense situation in the United Kingdom to further populist claims about government spending and EU policies. In 2005, the lack of a comparable external context and polarisation between actors in the media prevented a politicisation of the floods in the immediate aftermath of the disaster. These results illustrate the importance of broader political contexts, even those essentially unrelated to the natural hazard, for the politicisation of a disaster.
{"title":"Natural hazards as political events: framing and politicisation of floods in the United Kingdom","authors":"Frederike Albrecht","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2021.1898926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2021.1898926","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explores how disasters are framed and politicised in the media to provide a systematic assessment of discursive dynamics and external political contexts of natural hazards. Utilising an actor-focused approach, it contributes with knowledge on how politicisation of disaster discourses unfolds. Two similar natural hazard events, the United Kingdom floods of 2005 and 2015, are investigated by means of a content analysis and a political claims analysis. The study finds that a tension between the national government and its contestants following the 2015 floods led to a framing contest which was heavily affected by the external political context at the time. The opposition and journalists constructed a narrative of government failure, not least by intertwining the event with the politically tense situation in the United Kingdom to further populist claims about government spending and EU policies. In 2005, the lack of a comparable external context and polarisation between actors in the media prevented a politicisation of the floods in the immediate aftermath of the disaster. These results illustrate the importance of broader political contexts, even those essentially unrelated to the natural hazard, for the politicisation of a disaster.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74069855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-21DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2021.1887799
M. Islam, P. Begum, A. Begum, Johannes Herbeck
ABSTRACT Using the DPSIR (Drivers, Pressures, States, Impacts, and Responses) framework as an analytical lens, this study elucidates how climate-related hazards, coupled with other drivers and pressures, create vulnerability to disasters for coastal fishing communities in Bangladesh. Primary data has been collected through fieldwork in four communities in the Southern Region, consisting of individual interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. The study reveals that coastal fishing communities in Bangladesh face recurrent hazards that, coupled with other natural and anthropogenic drivers and pressures, have disastrous consequences on human well-being and the environment. Disaster impacts on coastal communities vary and differ by the capacities, situations, experiences, and capitals of households. In response to disasters’ adverse impacts, affected communities adopt various coping strategies, which produce both beneficial and harmful impacts. To include those impacts into long-term development goals of coastal communities, the study calls for the implementation of the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines (SSF Guidelines), which could help in the immediate relief phase, as well as the rehabilitation, reconstruction, and recovery after disasters and reduce vulnerabilities of small-scale fishers.
{"title":"When hazards become disasters: coastal fishing communities in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Islam, P. Begum, A. Begum, Johannes Herbeck","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2021.1887799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2021.1887799","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using the DPSIR (Drivers, Pressures, States, Impacts, and Responses) framework as an analytical lens, this study elucidates how climate-related hazards, coupled with other drivers and pressures, create vulnerability to disasters for coastal fishing communities in Bangladesh. Primary data has been collected through fieldwork in four communities in the Southern Region, consisting of individual interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. The study reveals that coastal fishing communities in Bangladesh face recurrent hazards that, coupled with other natural and anthropogenic drivers and pressures, have disastrous consequences on human well-being and the environment. Disaster impacts on coastal communities vary and differ by the capacities, situations, experiences, and capitals of households. In response to disasters’ adverse impacts, affected communities adopt various coping strategies, which produce both beneficial and harmful impacts. To include those impacts into long-term development goals of coastal communities, the study calls for the implementation of the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines (SSF Guidelines), which could help in the immediate relief phase, as well as the rehabilitation, reconstruction, and recovery after disasters and reduce vulnerabilities of small-scale fishers.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86294609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-21DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2021.1887800
G. Parvin, S. Ahsan, A. Yusop, Jessica Gordon, M. Abedin, M. Ahmad
ABSTRACT Due to differences in the location, topography and socio-economic characteristics, flood risk and resilience are not the same for all communities. This study analysed flood resilience and its variations in different parts of the Temerloh Municipal Council area, Malaysia. Due to its location in the Pahang River basin, this town is highly vulnerable to flooding. The huge losses and damage caused by a devastating flood in 2014 illustrated the lack of resilience in different parts of the town. Therefore, this study sought answers to the following questions: (1) What methodological approach should be used to develop a Flood Resilience Index (FRI) of kampungs (villages located within an urban setting)? (2) How does the flood resilience of different kampungs vary across different dimensions? (3) What are the principal factors in determining the flood resilience of different kampungs? and (4) What are the policy implications for enhancing the flood resilience? This research formulated an FRI for 10 different kampungs within Temerloh. The results indicated that as each community’s strengths and problems varied across kampungs, the FRI also varied. Therefore, despite covering small areas, this type of FRI should usefully form the base of flood risk management policy and actions, both here and probably elsewhere.
{"title":"Kampung (village) flood resilience: an empirical analysis in Malaysia","authors":"G. Parvin, S. Ahsan, A. Yusop, Jessica Gordon, M. Abedin, M. Ahmad","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2021.1887800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2021.1887800","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Due to differences in the location, topography and socio-economic characteristics, flood risk and resilience are not the same for all communities. This study analysed flood resilience and its variations in different parts of the Temerloh Municipal Council area, Malaysia. Due to its location in the Pahang River basin, this town is highly vulnerable to flooding. The huge losses and damage caused by a devastating flood in 2014 illustrated the lack of resilience in different parts of the town. Therefore, this study sought answers to the following questions: (1) What methodological approach should be used to develop a Flood Resilience Index (FRI) of kampungs (villages located within an urban setting)? (2) How does the flood resilience of different kampungs vary across different dimensions? (3) What are the principal factors in determining the flood resilience of different kampungs? and (4) What are the policy implications for enhancing the flood resilience? This research formulated an FRI for 10 different kampungs within Temerloh. The results indicated that as each community’s strengths and problems varied across kampungs, the FRI also varied. Therefore, despite covering small areas, this type of FRI should usefully form the base of flood risk management policy and actions, both here and probably elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85925714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-21DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2021.1887798
K. Ton, J. Gaillard, C. Adamson, Caglar Akgungor, Ha Thanh Ho
ABSTRACT To date, the agency of people with disabilities has seldom been elaborated theoretically and empirically in disaster research. Drawing on the capability approach, this paper examines the agency of people with disabilities to deal with disasters. Their agency is explored in relation to their participation in decision-making processes which has long regarded as a means to disaster risk reduction. A case study design with the use of focus group discussions and interviews was adopted in this study. A rural commune in Vietnam was selected as a case study context. The study found that, in most cases, people with disabilities need to participate in decision-making processes in order to achieve their valuable capabilities for their safety in times of disaster. This process of participation can be seen as both an end and a means. As an end, it refers to involvement in decision-making processes. As a means, it is viewed as a process in which people with disabilities individually or collectively exert their agency (i.e. raising their voice, influencing the decision-making and transforming the decisions into actions). For participation as a means to be achieved, however, participation as an end must be secured.
{"title":"Human agency in disaster risk reduction: theoretical foundations and empirical evidence from people with disabilities","authors":"K. Ton, J. Gaillard, C. Adamson, Caglar Akgungor, Ha Thanh Ho","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2021.1887798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2021.1887798","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To date, the agency of people with disabilities has seldom been elaborated theoretically and empirically in disaster research. Drawing on the capability approach, this paper examines the agency of people with disabilities to deal with disasters. Their agency is explored in relation to their participation in decision-making processes which has long regarded as a means to disaster risk reduction. A case study design with the use of focus group discussions and interviews was adopted in this study. A rural commune in Vietnam was selected as a case study context. The study found that, in most cases, people with disabilities need to participate in decision-making processes in order to achieve their valuable capabilities for their safety in times of disaster. This process of participation can be seen as both an end and a means. As an end, it refers to involvement in decision-making processes. As a means, it is viewed as a process in which people with disabilities individually or collectively exert their agency (i.e. raising their voice, influencing the decision-making and transforming the decisions into actions). For participation as a means to be achieved, however, participation as an end must be secured.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78461603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-02DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2021.1873098
T. Van Truong, M. Marschke, T. V. Nguyen, Georgina Alonso, M. Andrachuk, Phuong Le Thi Hong
ABSTRACT In April 2016, toxic chemicals leaked into the ocean in central Vietnam during a trial of a waste discharge system for a newly built steel plant. This resulted in a significant fish kill that impacted coastal livelihoods and the seafood sector across four provinces. We surveyed 520 households to understand how people experienced this environmental disaster, and their recovery strategies. On average people stopped all fishing-related activities for over nine months: this was a period of precarity for most households. Fish farming households suffered the greatest financial losses. Fishing households, while having a lower income, recovered more quickly than fish farming households since the mobility of boats and fishing grounds afforded flexibility and adaptability. In the longer term, relatively significant financial compensation from the company responsible for the spill made a difference to household recovery and their perceptions of the disaster. We argue that this toxic spill was a major stressor for coastal households in central Vietnam, and contribute to the precarity and the livelihood resilience literatures by offering a multi-dimensional perspective to understanding household recovery strategies. This study also draws attention to the importance of better understanding financial compensation as an aspect of recovery from human-induced disasters.
{"title":"Household recovery from disaster: insights from Vietnam’s fish kill","authors":"T. Van Truong, M. Marschke, T. V. Nguyen, Georgina Alonso, M. Andrachuk, Phuong Le Thi Hong","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2021.1873098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2021.1873098","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In April 2016, toxic chemicals leaked into the ocean in central Vietnam during a trial of a waste discharge system for a newly built steel plant. This resulted in a significant fish kill that impacted coastal livelihoods and the seafood sector across four provinces. We surveyed 520 households to understand how people experienced this environmental disaster, and their recovery strategies. On average people stopped all fishing-related activities for over nine months: this was a period of precarity for most households. Fish farming households suffered the greatest financial losses. Fishing households, while having a lower income, recovered more quickly than fish farming households since the mobility of boats and fishing grounds afforded flexibility and adaptability. In the longer term, relatively significant financial compensation from the company responsible for the spill made a difference to household recovery and their perceptions of the disaster. We argue that this toxic spill was a major stressor for coastal households in central Vietnam, and contribute to the precarity and the livelihood resilience literatures by offering a multi-dimensional perspective to understanding household recovery strategies. This study also draws attention to the importance of better understanding financial compensation as an aspect of recovery from human-induced disasters.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85661873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-06DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1867492
Sophie Offner, J. Marlowe
ABSTRACT The relationship between climate change and human mobility is generating increased public, academic and policy recognition. This linkage has captured the collective imagination, with forced mobility representing one of the most perceptible societal impacts of climate change and environmental hazards. Through in-depth interviews with subject-matter experts related to the Asia Pacific region, this paper explores the terminological uncertainty evident when conceptualising and addressing the issues associated with human mobility, climate change and the associated increased risk of environmental hazards. Shaped through the complexity of socio-ecological systems and often-intertwined causal drivers of migration, this uncertainty reveals a major policy gap in the nexus between human mobility and climate change on multiple scales. The findings from this study explore the ways in which these terms act to conceal global accountabilities and draw boundaries around ‘acceptable’ forms of mobility. By evoking value-based framings with particular emphasis on equality, justice and responsibility – this paper forwards alternative ideas and subjugated narratives to position how such values are posed as subjects of political and moral weight.
{"title":"Reconceptualising climate-induced displacement in the context of terminological uncertainty","authors":"Sophie Offner, J. Marlowe","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2020.1867492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2020.1867492","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The relationship between climate change and human mobility is generating increased public, academic and policy recognition. This linkage has captured the collective imagination, with forced mobility representing one of the most perceptible societal impacts of climate change and environmental hazards. Through in-depth interviews with subject-matter experts related to the Asia Pacific region, this paper explores the terminological uncertainty evident when conceptualising and addressing the issues associated with human mobility, climate change and the associated increased risk of environmental hazards. Shaped through the complexity of socio-ecological systems and often-intertwined causal drivers of migration, this uncertainty reveals a major policy gap in the nexus between human mobility and climate change on multiple scales. The findings from this study explore the ways in which these terms act to conceal global accountabilities and draw boundaries around ‘acceptable’ forms of mobility. By evoking value-based framings with particular emphasis on equality, justice and responsibility – this paper forwards alternative ideas and subjugated narratives to position how such values are posed as subjects of political and moral weight.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90921819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-06DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1867493
R. Bail, J. Kovaleski, Vander Luiz da Silva, R. Pagani, D. Chiroli
ABSTRACT In order to aid professionals in disaster management, efficient procedures and technologies are developed and adopted. This paper intends to present the results of a literature review on the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) in disaster management. Even though the IoT approach was defined many years ago, only recently its technologies have been enhanced and acquired greater clarity and scope. Internationally, scientific studies indexed in two databases, Scopus and Web of Science were found, selected and analyzed. Two portfolios of papers were generated: the first for the bibliometric analysis and, the second, leaner, for qualitative analysis retaining the contributions pertinent to the proposed theme. The literature review identified macro-discussions on the IoT in disaster management and applications of more specific devices or technologies. In disaster operations, the IoT is a target theme in the fields of Computer Science, Electronic Engineering and Environmental Engineering, especially useful in disaster mitigation, rescue, response, and recovery. The main positive impact is the facilitated communication between professionals, more robust data and monitoring of data for environmental management, first aid, people tracking, distribution of supplies and medicines, among other purposes.
为了帮助专业人员进行灾害管理，开发和采用了有效的程序和技术。本文旨在介绍物联网(IoT)在灾害管理中的应用的文献综述结果。尽管物联网方法在许多年前就被定义了，但直到最近它的技术才得到增强，并获得了更大的清晰度和范围。在国际上，对Scopus和Web of Science这两个数据库中的科学研究进行了检索、选择和分析。产生了两个文件组合:第一个用于文献计量分析，第二个用于定性分析，保留了与拟议主题有关的贡献。文献综述确定了关于物联网在灾害管理和更具体设备或技术应用中的宏观讨论。在灾害行动中，物联网是计算机科学、电子工程和环境工程领域的目标主题，在减灾、救援、响应和恢复方面尤其有用。主要的积极影响是促进了专业人员之间的沟通、更可靠的数据和监测环境管理、急救、人员跟踪、分配用品和药品等方面的数据。
{"title":"Internet of things in disaster management: technologies and uses","authors":"R. Bail, J. Kovaleski, Vander Luiz da Silva, R. Pagani, D. Chiroli","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2020.1867493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2020.1867493","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In order to aid professionals in disaster management, efficient procedures and technologies are developed and adopted. This paper intends to present the results of a literature review on the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) in disaster management. Even though the IoT approach was defined many years ago, only recently its technologies have been enhanced and acquired greater clarity and scope. Internationally, scientific studies indexed in two databases, Scopus and Web of Science were found, selected and analyzed. Two portfolios of papers were generated: the first for the bibliometric analysis and, the second, leaner, for qualitative analysis retaining the contributions pertinent to the proposed theme. The literature review identified macro-discussions on the IoT in disaster management and applications of more specific devices or technologies. In disaster operations, the IoT is a target theme in the fields of Computer Science, Electronic Engineering and Environmental Engineering, especially useful in disaster mitigation, rescue, response, and recovery. The main positive impact is the facilitated communication between professionals, more robust data and monitoring of data for environmental management, first aid, people tracking, distribution of supplies and medicines, among other purposes.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90386643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2021.1877606
L. Yumagulova, J. Handmer
ABSTRACT This special issue of Environmental Hazards provides a critical look at the contested relationship between formalised disaster management organisations and the emergent power of unaffiliated informal volunteers. Using international case studies, the five papers identify conceptual, contextual and practical challenges and opportunities. Much attention is given to definitions; these are important as through definitions whole categories of people and activity can be included as volunteering or excluded and treated as invisible. The emergent nature of informal volunteers provides surge capacity in emergencies – something all the papers in this special issue are concerned with in different ways. Another attribute examined is that informal volunteers, operating without the constraints typical of government agencies, can offer organisational agility, flexible problem-solving, and ready access to evolving information and communication technology. However, also examined are the potential problems of legal liability and questions about the rights and obligations of volunteers. A paper on indigenous volunteering in emergencies starts to fill a major gap in understanding of the roles of volunteers in indigenous communities. Four Australian cases are used to examine what informal volunteering could look like in action. It appears that governments almost everywhere, want more citizen involvement and self-reliance in emergencies, but on the government’s terms.
{"title":"Introduction to the special issue on unaffiliated volunteering: the universality and importance of volunteering","authors":"L. Yumagulova, J. Handmer","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2021.1877606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2021.1877606","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This special issue of Environmental Hazards provides a critical look at the contested relationship between formalised disaster management organisations and the emergent power of unaffiliated informal volunteers. Using international case studies, the five papers identify conceptual, contextual and practical challenges and opportunities. Much attention is given to definitions; these are important as through definitions whole categories of people and activity can be included as volunteering or excluded and treated as invisible. The emergent nature of informal volunteers provides surge capacity in emergencies – something all the papers in this special issue are concerned with in different ways. Another attribute examined is that informal volunteers, operating without the constraints typical of government agencies, can offer organisational agility, flexible problem-solving, and ready access to evolving information and communication technology. However, also examined are the potential problems of legal liability and questions about the rights and obligations of volunteers. A paper on indigenous volunteering in emergencies starts to fill a major gap in understanding of the roles of volunteers in indigenous communities. Four Australian cases are used to examine what informal volunteering could look like in action. It appears that governments almost everywhere, want more citizen involvement and self-reliance in emergencies, but on the government’s terms.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81295439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1840327
Y. Lee, H. Keum, K. Han, W. Hong
ABSTRACT Prior planning of shelters and evacuation routes is the foundation of effective and safe post flood management. In this study, a hierarchical model for emergency shelter location selection in preparation for immediate, short-term, and long-term floods was developed. To ensure the safety of evacuation routes, levels of walking evacuation risk were classified based on inundation depth and flow rate, and high-risk areas were set as barriers in the network analysis. Accessibility, safety from inundation, service accessibility, and facility capacity were set as criteria for location selection to ensure evacuation safety and the capacity to provide the services necessary to maintain the lives of evacuees in shelters. Candidate locations in a flood shelter case study area were selected, and their characteristics compared with those of existing designated shelters via a grading system. The candidate shelters were found to be preferable in terms of safety and service capacity. The model presented here considers the viability of walking evacuation on flooded roads and a selection of methodologies for each type of flood shelter, thereby providing insight into the design of an integrative model to address the complex decision-making processes involved in flood shelter selection and post-flood management.
{"title":"A hierarchical flood shelter location model for walking evacuation planning","authors":"Y. Lee, H. Keum, K. Han, W. Hong","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2020.1840327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2020.1840327","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Prior planning of shelters and evacuation routes is the foundation of effective and safe post flood management. In this study, a hierarchical model for emergency shelter location selection in preparation for immediate, short-term, and long-term floods was developed. To ensure the safety of evacuation routes, levels of walking evacuation risk were classified based on inundation depth and flow rate, and high-risk areas were set as barriers in the network analysis. Accessibility, safety from inundation, service accessibility, and facility capacity were set as criteria for location selection to ensure evacuation safety and the capacity to provide the services necessary to maintain the lives of evacuees in shelters. Candidate locations in a flood shelter case study area were selected, and their characteristics compared with those of existing designated shelters via a grading system. The candidate shelters were found to be preferable in terms of safety and service capacity. The model presented here considers the viability of walking evacuation on flooded roads and a selection of methodologies for each type of flood shelter, thereby providing insight into the design of an integrative model to address the complex decision-making processes involved in flood shelter selection and post-flood management.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85507107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1838254
J. Handmer, P. Maynard
ABSTRACT Major disasters challenge or exceed the capacity of the official emergency management sector to provide needed rescue services, support and relief. Emergency services in most jurisdictions do not have the surge capacity for unusual or extreme events without drawing on other jurisdictions or local people from outside the formal emergency management organisations. In such circumstances, those in the affected area need to organise themselves and make maximum use of local resources to cope with the immediate aftermath of impact. To find the required surge capacity, this suggests a whole of society response with the official system working with the capacities of people, commerce and organisations outside the emergency sector. An example is provided by the destruction of the northern Australian capital city of Darwin by Cyclone Tracy in December 1974. Informal volunteering and emergent leadership in Darwin and across Australia were critical to the immediate response and relief. Volunteering was widespread and worked well alongside official emergency management. With today’s information and communication technologies and a strong national resilience narrative, we would expect to do at least as well. However, governments now exercise much more control over civil society. We examine the implications for surge capacity and adaptability.
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