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The performance of international small and medium-sized enterprises: Overview and future research directions 国际中小企业绩效:综述与未来研究方向
IF 2.2 4区 管理学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1002/cjas.1674
Philippe Lamb, Oussama Darouichi, Claudia Jonczyk Sédès

Our study aims to assess the state of knowledge on the performance of international small and medium-sized (SME) firms, and formulate a relevant research agenda. We review 231 contributions published between 1993 and 2019, and identify the main theoretical debates, key success factors and measures of international SME performance, and the theoretical and methodological approaches used in this literature. Based on our analysis, we propose a definition of performance factors according to the theoretical frameworks identified, and the overall determinants and performance measures identified. For future research, we suggest a more holistic theoretical and empirical perspective, a qualitative and longitudinal approach, and a greater focus on developing country SMEs.

本研究旨在评估国际中小企业绩效的知识状况,并制定相关的研究议程。我们回顾了1993年至2019年间发表的231篇论文,并确定了主要的理论争论、国际中小企业绩效的关键成功因素和衡量标准,以及本文中使用的理论和方法方法。在分析的基础上,我们根据所确定的理论框架,以及所确定的总体决定因素和绩效衡量标准,提出了绩效因素的定义。对于未来的研究,我们建议采用更全面的理论和实证视角,采用定性和纵向方法,并更多地关注发展中国家的中小企业。
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引用次数: 2
La performance des PMEs internationales: État des lieux et pistes de recherches futures 国际中小企业绩效:现状和未来研究方向
IF 2.2 4区 管理学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI: 10.1002/cjas.1675
Philippe Lamb, Oussama Darouichi, Claudia Jonczyk Sédès
<p>Les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) jouent un rôle essentiel dans le commerce international (Suh et Kim, <span>2014</span>; Toulova, Votoupalova et Kubickova, <span>2015</span>). Elles représentent plus de 99% des entreprises, 70% des emplois et contribuent entre 50% à 60% de la valeur ajoutée au niveau mondial (OCDE, <span>2017a</span>, <span>2017b</span>). Aussi, plus de 78% des entreprises exportatrices dans le monde sont des PME (Li, <span>2018</span>).</p><p>Nous pouvons distinguer différentes catégories de PMEs internationales<sup>1</sup> selon l'organisation des activités à l'international (Torrès, <span>1997</span>). La « PME internationale » se contente de vendre ses produits sur les marchés étrangers, alors que la « PME globale », pleinement intégrée à l'international, coordonne ses activités en amont et en aval de sa chaîne de valeurs dans de nombreux pays. Enfin, la « PME glocale » commercialise ses produits sur le marché domestique, mais coordonne des activités en amont de sa chaîne de valeurs, telles que des importations ou l'engagement de personnel étranger. Aussi, St-Pierre et Perrault (<span>2009</span>) mettent en évidence trois dimensions mutuellement non-exclusives de l'internationalisation de la PME. L'internationalisation « mercantile » combine des activités d'exportation, d'importation, de sous-traitance et éventuellement d'investissement direct étranger. L'internationalisation technologique concerne l'amélioration des activités de production, R&D et des compétences relatives à partir de ressources situées à l'international. Enfin, l'internationalisation organisationnelle se réfère à la capacité de la PME de gérer les projets à l'international, en termes de contrôle de la valeur, d'efficacité et de gestion des risques.</p><p>La PME internationale est un sujet largement débattu depuis l’étude pionnière de Johanson et Wiedersheim-Paul (<span>1975</span>). En revanche, l'intérêt pour la performance des PMEs internationales est relativement récent. Alors que les premières études sur le sujet apparaissent dans les années 1990 (Hart et Tzokas, <span>1999</span>; Lefebvre, Lefebvre et Bourgault, <span>1998</span>; Rolfo, Vaglio et Vitali, <span>1993</span>), la question de la performance est devenue l'un des sujets les plus débattus dans la littérature portant sur les PMEs internationales (Morais et Ferreira, <span>2019</span>; Ribau, Moreira et Raposo, <span>2018</span>). En effet, il s'agit d'un enjeu de taille du point de vue managérial. Cela est d'autant plus vrai dans le contexte économique actuel. La globalisation et la digitalisation ont augmenté l'intensité concurrentielle, ce qui oblige les PME à accroître leur compétitivité à l'international (Etemad, Wilkinson et Dana, <span>2010</span>; Lemaire, <span>2013</span>; Manyika, Lund, Bughin, Woetzel, Stamenov et Dhingra, <span>2016</span>).</p><p>En raison du nombre croissant de contributions scientifiques relatives à la performance des PME internationales (Figu
中小企业(smes)在国际贸易中发挥着关键作用(Suh and Kim, 2014;Toulova, Votoupalova和Kubickova, 2015)。他们代表了超过99%的公司,70%的工作岗位,贡献了全球50%到60%的附加值(oecd, 2017a, 2017b)。此外,全球78%以上的出口企业是中小企业(Li, 2018)。我们可以根据国际活动的组织来区分不同类别的国际中小企业(torres, 1997)。“国际中小企业”只在国外市场销售产品,而“全球中小企业”完全融入国际市场,在许多国家协调其价值链的上下游活动。最后,“全球本地中小企业”在国内市场销售其产品,但协调其价值链上游的活动,如进口或雇用外国人员。此外,St-Pierre和Perrault(2009)强调了中小企业国际化的三个相互排斥的维度。“商业”国际化结合了出口、进口、分包和可能的外国直接投资活动。技术国际化是指利用国际资源提高生产活动、研发和相关技能。最后,组织国际化是指中小企业在价值控制、效率和风险管理方面管理国际项目的能力。自Johanson和Wiedersheim-Paul(1975)的开创性研究以来,国际中小企业一直是一个广泛讨论的话题。相比之下,对国际中小企业绩效的关注是相对较新的。关于这一主题的第一次研究出现在20世纪90年代(Hart和Tzokas, 1999;列斐伏尔,列斐伏尔和布尔高,1998;Rolfo, Vaglio和Vitali, 1993),绩效问题已成为国际中小企业文献中讨论最多的话题之一(Morais和Ferreira, 2019;Ribau, Moreira和Raposo, 2018)。事实上,从管理的角度来看,这是一个重大问题。在当前的经济环境下更是如此。全球化和数字化增加了竞争强度,迫使中小企业提高其国际竞争力(Etemad, Wilkinson和Dana, 2010;Lemaire, 2013;Manyika, Lund, Bughin, Woetzel, Stamenov和Dhingra, 2016)。随着越来越多的关于国际中小企业绩效的科学贡献(图1),越来越需要对该领域的技术状况进行详细分析。此外,大多数研究都专注于某一特定类别的决定性特征,这样的创业方向,通过输入模式或领袖。其结果是研究领域的碎片化,限制了理论贡献的可能性(Gligor, Esmark和golgeci, 2016)。为了提供该领域研究的结构化概述,我们提出了一个概述,一方面包括国际中小企业内部和外部绩效的决定因素,另一方面包括使用的不同绩效衡量标准。采用的程序符合系统文献综述的方法学要求(Caligiuri和Thomas, 2013;Fink), 2013;Levy和Ellis, 2006;罗利和Slack, 2004)。根据Denyer和Tranfield(2009)的建议,我们遵循了五个步骤:(i)研究问题,(ii)文章收集,(iii)文章选择和可用性,(iv)文章分析和综合,(v)结果展示和讨论。科学贡献是在2019年1月至2019年10月期间使用Scopus数据库收集的。使用关键字和关键字组合,进行了英语和法语的手工搜索。此外,我们还进行了“反向参考搜索”和“反向作者搜索”(Levy和Ellis, 2006)。根据这些标准,从1993年至2019年期间选出了231份捐款。然后,我们使用包含以下11个变量的矩阵进行内容分析(步骤4):作者、科学期刊、年份、主题、研究问题、理论框架、方法、国家、绩效决定因素、绩效衡量和主要结果。 使用矩阵的内容分析由归纳主题分析完成(Attride-Stirling, 2001),除其他外,用于识别文献中讨论的关键问题,并根据所研究的决定因素和绩效指标对贡献进行分组。与Jones, Coviello和Tang(2011)一样,我们基于内容分析和我们自己对文章的理解进行了描述性分析。表1显示了该领域10种最常见期刊的文章年度分布情况。“其他”一栏包括尚未在这些期刊上发表的文章。文章发表在71种期刊上。表1中列出的十大期刊占所有贡献的35%。这一比例低于国际事务领域的其他文献综述(Morais和Ferreira, 2019;Ribau等人,2018);这证明了该研究领域的理论碎片化。《国际中小企业杂志》共有10篇文章,在投稿数量上排名第三,仅次于《国际创业杂志》和《国际商业评论》,分别有15篇和12篇文章。有趣的是,被引用最多的文章不一定会出现在最频繁的期刊上。表2列出了该领域被引用最多的研究。被引用最多的三篇论文分别发表在《战略管理杂志》、《商业冒险杂志》和《国际商业研究杂志》上。上述期刊均未出现在表1所示领域中最常见的10种期刊列表中。首先,我们概述了国际中小企业绩效的决定因素和衡量标准。这个分析的结果总结在图2中。表3给出了每个性能决定因素和度量的参考文献。然后,我们提出了该领域的不同理论视角和采用的方法框架。
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引用次数: 0
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES REVUE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES DE L’ADMINISTRATION BEST PAPER AWARDS OF 2021/PRIX DU MEILLEUR ARTICLE 2021 加拿大行政科学杂志评论2021年加拿大行政科学最佳论文奖/ 2021年诺贝尔奖
IF 2.2 4区 管理学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.1002/cjas.1683
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引用次数: 0
Corporate wrongdoing and board leadership structure: An analysis of the WestJet spying scandal 公司不法行为与董事会领导结构:西捷航空间谍丑闻分析
IF 2.2 4区 管理学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.1002/cjas.1678
Shamsud D. Chowdhury, Jerry Paul Sheppard

This study focuses on corporate espionage undertaken by WestJet Airlines, Canada's second largest air carrier. Employing a case study, we examine how board leadership-endorsed internet snooping affected WestJet's board structure and performance. We also paired the case study with an event study methodology to enhance the case narrative and illustrate market responses to continuing revelations of WestJet's espionage over time. We find that investors initially discounted WestJet's value then over time reacted more to market changes and positive scandal-related outcomes. WestJet withstood the adverse effects of wrongdoing and regained investor confidence and profitability via substantive and symbolic changes to their board leadership structure. The study's theoretical and practical implications are also given.

这项研究的重点是加拿大第二大航空公司西捷航空公司(WestJet Airlines)从事的商业间谍活动。通过案例研究,我们考察了董事会领导认可的互联网窥探行为如何影响西捷航空的董事会结构和绩效。我们还将案例研究与事件研究方法相结合,以加强案例叙述,并说明随着时间的推移,市场对西捷航空不断披露的间谍活动的反应。我们发现投资者最初低估了西捷航空的价值,然后随着时间的推移,对市场变化和积极的丑闻相关结果做出了更多的反应。西捷航空经受住了不当行为的不利影响,并通过对董事会领导结构进行实质性和象征性的改革,重获了投资者的信心和盈利能力。最后给出了本研究的理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
Supervisors' overtime hours, abusive supervision and leader–member exchange: How supervisors' long work hours harm their relationships with subordinates 主管的加班时间、滥用监督和领导-成员交流:主管的长时间工作如何损害他们与下属的关系
IF 2.2 4区 管理学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.1002/cjas.1677
Marie-Colombe Afota, Christian Vandenberghe

The current research examines the consequences of supervisors' overtime hours on subordinates. Drawing upon the stressor-emotion model of counterproductive behaviors, we argue that supervisors' overtime hours positively relate to abusive supervision behaviors through negative emotions, which in turn undermine leader–member exchange relationships. We further posit that this process is exacerbated among subordinates with a strong relational self-concept. Multisource multilevel data collected from an organizational sample of 181 employees and longitudinal data from 416 employees from multiple organizations support our predictions. This research indicates that the consequences of working overtime extend beyond supervisors, as subordinates may be negatively affected when their supervisors work long hours. We discuss implications for both theory and practice.

目前的研究考察了主管加班时间对下属的影响。基于适得其反行为的压力-情绪模型,我们认为主管的加班时间通过负面情绪与滥用监督行为呈正相关,而负面情绪反过来又破坏了领导与成员的交流关系。我们进一步假设,这种过程在具有强烈关系自我概念的下属中会加剧。从181名员工的组织样本中收集的多源多层次数据和来自多个组织的416名员工的纵向数据支持了我们的预测。这项研究表明,加班的后果超出了主管的范围,因为当主管长时间工作时,下属可能会受到负面影响。我们讨论了对理论和实践的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Virtual forums for public accountability: How internet and communication technologies are influencing citizen interactions with a local government 公共问责的虚拟论坛:互联网和通信技术如何影响公民与地方政府的互动
IF 2.2 4区 管理学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-05-23 DOI: 10.1002/cjas.1676
Sina Bahramirad

Public accountability forums can be useful mechanisms for ensuring that governments are responsive to the perspectives, preferences, and needs of citizens. This study explores how ICTs are affecting public accountability forums and how citizens interact with elected and appointed government officials. A case study of a municipal government in Ontario, Canada, describes how a virtual public accountability forum emerged and functioned based on social media data and interviews with public officials. The case demonstrates that social media can facilitate new channels of interaction between citizens and public officials. Key features of these virtual forums include anonymous participation, variable duration, and dynamic audience size. The case also demonstrates that the demand for information provision within accountability relationships is not just a singular type of ex-post exchange. There is a new channel of information exchange that is continuous and malleable because it can evolve and change instantaneously over ICTs.

公共问责论坛可以成为确保政府对公民的观点、偏好和需求作出反应的有用机制。本研究探讨ict如何影响公共问责论坛,以及公民如何与民选和任命的政府官员互动。以加拿大安大略省的一个市政府为例,介绍了一个基于社交媒体数据和对公职人员采访的虚拟公共问责论坛是如何产生和运作的。该案例表明,社交媒体可以促进公民与公职人员之间互动的新渠道。这些虚拟论坛的主要特点包括匿名参与、可变持续时间和动态受众规模。该案例还表明,在问责关系内提供信息的需求不仅仅是一种单一类型的事后交换。有一种新的信息交流渠道,它是连续的和可延展的,因为它可以通过信息通信技术即时发展和变化。
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引用次数: 0
Négligence managériale et acceptabilité sociale: Le cas énergie est (2012–2017) 管理疏忽与社会可接受性:以能源为例(2012 - 2017)
IF 2.2 4区 管理学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-03-26 DOI: 10.1002/cjas.1671
Joseph Facal, Jean-François Thibault

We submit a qualitative analysis of the failure of the Energy East pipeline project. We explain that failure by a managerial underestimation of the political and social dynamics at work. We conclude that managers must tackle seriously the challenges surrounding their social license to operate and view these not only as an issue among others to be managed but as an opportunity to develop a broader and renewed understanding of collective action.

我们对能源东输气管道项目的失败进行了定性分析。我们将这种失败解释为管理层对工作中的政治和社会动态的低估。我们的结论是,管理者必须认真应对围绕其社会经营许可证的挑战,并将这些挑战不仅视为需要管理的其他问题之一,而且视为发展对集体行动更广泛和更新的理解的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Organizational culture and leadership in Egypt, Iran, and Turkey: The contextual constraints of society and industry 埃及、伊朗和土耳其的组织文化和领导:社会和工业的语境约束
IF 2.2 4区 管理学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.1002/cjas.1665
Secil Bayraktar, Gaye Karacay, Ali Dastmalchian, Hayat Kabasakal

Drawing on institutional theory, this paper aims to examine whether society and industry act as constraining factors on organizational culture and leadership preferences in three countries in the Middle East and North Africa. The sample includes 55 organizations in Egypt, Iran, and Turkey operating in the finance and food industries. The findings show that organizational culture and leadership preferences vary across different societies in the region. Moreover, some organizational culture practices differ across industries, whereas leadership preferences do not. These findings demonstrate the importance of context (mainly on society and partially on industry) on shaping organizational culture and perceived leadership effectiveness. The practical implications suggest that managers must be aware that even countries in the same region have practice differences.

利用制度理论,本文旨在研究社会和行业是否对中东和北非三个国家的组织文化和领导偏好起约束因素作用。样本包括埃及、伊朗和土耳其从事金融和食品行业的55家组织。研究结果显示,该地区不同社会的组织文化和领导偏好各不相同。此外,一些组织文化实践因行业而异,而领导偏好则没有差异。这些发现证明了背景(主要是社会背景,部分是行业背景)在塑造组织文化和感知领导力有效性方面的重要性。实际意义表明,管理人员必须意识到,即使是同一地区的国家也存在实践差异。
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引用次数: 1
Joint influence of R&D strategy and environmental uncertainty on innovation performance: Insight from transaction cost economics 研发战略与环境不确定性对创新绩效的共同影响:交易成本经济学视角
IF 2.2 4区 管理学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-03-13 DOI: 10.1002/cjas.1670
Zhouyu Lin, Marshall S. Jiang, Xiaoting Wang

This study aims to extend transaction cost economics (TCE) to explain the effects of the strategies of internal and external R&D on innovation performance under two types of environmental uncertainty, namely dynamism and complexity. As a departure from conventional TCE wisdom that internally focused R&D strategy is more efficient under environmental uncertainty, this study proposes that such a strategy can be less efficient under environmental dynamism, which is another important type of uncertainty. The results from a sample of manufacturing firms in China from 2002 to 2007 show that externally focused R&D strategy leads to better innovation performance under environmental dynamism, whereas internally focused R&D strategy results in better innovation performance under environmental complexity.

本研究旨在扩展交易成本经济学(TCE)来解释在两种类型的环境不确定性下,即动态性和复杂性,内部研发和外部研发策略对创新绩效的影响。传统的TCE观点认为,内部聚焦的研发战略在环境不确定性下效率更高,但本研究提出,在另一种重要的不确定性类型——环境动态性下,这种战略可能效率较低。2002 - 2007年中国制造业企业的研究结果表明,环境动态性下,外向型研发战略的创新绩效更好,而环境复杂性下,内向型研发战略的创新绩效更好。
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引用次数: 1
Toward a digital transformation of the theory of the firm: Emergence as framework for organizational sustainability 走向企业理论的数字化转型:作为组织可持续性框架的涌现
IF 2.2 4区 管理学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-03-13 DOI: 10.1002/cjas.1668
Vladislav Valentinov, Kristof Van Assche, Frans Hermans

Embracing methodological individualism, the mainstream economic theory of the firm has little to say about the precarious nature of the firm's embeddedness in encompassing socioecological systems. The digital transformation of the theory of the firm can address this gap by deconstructing the standpoint of methodological individualism. In transaction cost economics, this standpoint is manifest in two assumptions about human nature, namely bounded rationality and opportunism. Drawing on Chester Barnard's insights on the firm, the present paper seeks to construct a view of organizations as emergent systems irreducible to the activities of participating individuals. By inverting the assumptions of bounded rationality and opportunism, the paper differentiates between two varieties of the emergent nature of the firm, cognitive and moral. The ideas of the cognitive and moral emergence of the firm expand the pallet of options for the firm to adapt to socioecological systems and illuminate the notion of sustainability transitions. This way, the digitally enhanced understanding of the firm offers hope for a better dialogue between the economic theory of the firm, sustainability scholarship, and business ethics.

企业的主流经济理论信奉方法论个人主义,对企业嵌入社会生态系统的不稳定本质几乎没有什么可说的。企业理论的数字化转型可以通过解构方法论个人主义的立场来解决这一差距。在交易成本经济学中,这一观点体现在对人性的两种假设中,即有限理性和机会主义。本文借鉴切斯特·巴纳德对公司的见解,试图构建一种将组织视为不可简化为参与个人活动的紧急系统的观点。通过推翻有限理性和机会主义的假设,本文区分了企业涌现性的两种类型,认知性和道德性。企业的认知和道德出现的理念为企业适应社会生态系统扩展了选择的托盘,并阐明了可持续性转变的概念。通过这种方式,数字增强了对公司的理解,为公司的经济理论、可持续性学术和商业道德之间更好的对话带来了希望。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences-Revue Canadienne Des Sciences De L Administration
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