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Not my debt: The institutional origins of Robodebt 不是我的债务机器人债务的制度起源
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q2 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8500.12658
Jacob Priergaard

Robodebt was an administratively harmful policy created by bureaucrats incrementally extending existing welfare compliance policies in Australia. This article analyses the long history that created the malign institutional state in which Robodebt was able to occur. It argues the fertile ground for this policy was laid through the historical interplay of three institutional processes: the rules of Commonwealth budget making, the fractured relationship between policy and service delivery in Australian social security, and the structure of the fraud and compliance framework of the Department of Human Services. This created a pattern of institutional change in which compliance policies were added in incremental layers over decades before Robodebt as part of an ongoing drive for savings and operational efficiency. The article concludes by arguing the recommendations of the Royal Commission, which focus on improved legal processes and oversight, are insufficient to resolve the institutional problems at the root of Robodebt.

Points for practitioners

  • Robodebt occurred as a result of bureaucrats incrementally extending existing welfare compliance policies, which was a standard annual practice that had been occurring for the preceding 30 years.
  • The expansion of compliance programs was one of the only ways for the Department of Human Services, as the service delivery arm of social security, to meet annual demands from central agencies and politicians to cut expenditure and provide offsets for new spending.
  • For long-term change, the government and the Australian Public Service will need to go further than the recommendations of the Robodebt Royal Commission by addressing the offsetting mechanisms of Commonwealth Budget processes and the structure of the social services portfolio that separates policy and service delivery.
Robodebt 是一项行政上有害的政策,由官僚们逐步扩展澳大利亚现有的福利合规政策而产生。本文分析了导致 Robodebt 出现的恶性制度状态的悠久历史。文章认为,这一政策的沃土是通过三个制度过程的历史相互作用而奠定的:联邦预算编制规则、澳大利亚社会保障政策与服务提供之间的断裂关系以及人类服务部的欺诈与合规框架结构。这就形成了一种制度变迁模式,在《机器人债务》之前的几十年里,合规政策被层层递进地添加进来,作为持续推动节约和提高运营效率的一部分。文章最后指出,皇家委员会的建议侧重于改进法律程序和监督,但不足以从根本上解决 Robodebt 事件的制度问题。Robodebt 事件的发生是官僚们逐步扩大现有福利合规政策的结果,而这是前 30 年每年都会发生的标准做法。为了实现长期变革,政府和澳大利亚公共服务部需要在皇家委员会建议的基础上更进一步,解决联邦预算过程中的抵消机制问题,以及将政策和服务提供分离开来的社会服务组合结构问题。
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引用次数: 0
Relational street-level bureaucracy: Proximity policing and the construction of trust between citizens and municipal police officers in Nezahualcóyotl, Mexico 关系型街道官僚机构:墨西哥 Nezahualcóyotl 的近距离警务以及公民与市政警察之间信任的构建
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q2 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8500.12656
Nashellit González-Martínez, Rik Peeters

Various studies have provided evidence that, especially in the Global South, relational street-level bureaucracy can play a constructive role in bridging the gap between vulnerable population groups and a distant, formal bureaucracy that often fails to guarantee citizens’ rights and factual access to public services and benefits. However, studies have also highlighted street-level bureaucracies’ vulnerability to practices of corruption, patrimonialism, and clientelism as they engage with citizens through more informal mechanisms. In this article, we contribute to understanding which institutional conditions can promote constructive citizen-bureaucrat interactions by presenting findings from a qualitative study on proximity policing in a densely populated suburb of Mexico City with some of the highest crime levels in the entire metropolitan area. Sustained and managerially supported implementation of proximity policing has improved citizen-police relations and facilitated learning processes by both officers and residents, while minimizing risks of clientelism. Although this model of municipal policing is no panacea for complex security issues, it does confirm existing evidence regarding the importance of relational street-level bureaucracy for improving citizen trust and, moreover, highlights the importance of consistent managerial and citizen involvement as enabling factors.

Points for practitioners

  • The traditional focus on bureaucratic control and capacities has often involuntarily ended up worsening public service provision in contexts with weak state institutions.
  • Relational street-level bureaucracy can play a constructive role in bridging the gap between vulnerable population groups and a distant, formal bureaucracy.
  • Consistent managerial support, citizen involvement, and professional deliberation are crucial elements in mitigating the downsides of informality in street-level interactions.
各种研究提供的证据表明,特别是在全球南部,关系型街道官僚机构可以发挥建 设性作用,弥合弱势群体与遥远的正式官僚机构之间的差距,因为后者往往无法保障 公民的权利和实际获得公共服务和福利的机会。然而,研究也强调了街道一级的官僚机构在通过更非正式的机制与公民接触时,容易受到腐败、世袭制和裙带关系等做法的影响。在这篇文章中,我们介绍了在墨西哥城人口密集的郊区开展的近距离警务定性研究的结果,该郊区的犯罪率在整个大都市地区都是最高的。在管理部门的支持下,近距离警务的持续实施改善了公民与警察的关系,促进了警察和居民的学习过程,同时最大限度地降低了 "客户至上 "的风险。虽然这种市政警务模式并不是解决复杂安全问题的灵丹妙药,但它确实证实了现有的证据,即关系型街道官僚体制对提高公民信任度的重要性,此外,它还强调了持续的管理和公民参与作为有利因素的重要性。关系型街道官僚机构可以发挥建设性作用,弥合弱势群体与遥远的正规官僚机构之间的差距,而持续的管理支持、公民参与和专业审议则是减轻街道互动中非正规性弊端的关键因素。
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引用次数: 0
Managing COVID-19 in Morocco: The adoption of novel technology tools in assisting expert policy advisors 在摩洛哥管理 COVID-19:采用新型技术工具协助专家政策顾问
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q2 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8500.12637
Hamid AIT EL CAID

The COVID-19 pandemic showed that new digital tools played a major role in the design, implementation, and evaluation of policies aimed at containing and defeating the virus. However, relying on digital tools should not undermine the role of experts in the policy process. This paper answers the following question as means of examing the relationship between technology and expertise: To what extent has the introduction of technology-assisted tools complemented and empowered health experts to provide more effective policy advice? By answering this question, the paper investigates the opportunities and challenges of technology-backed sources of ‘policy knowledge’ as ‘advisory assistants’ of conventional expert communities in the policy processes. Drawing on a case study from a developing country, I demonstrate how the introduction of the ‘Wiqaytna’ mobile application in Morocco facilitated reporting of higher risk locations and provided operational feedback for ‘the scientific committee’ enabling them to deliver more efficient and effective actions against COVID-19, despite the underlying technical and ethical problems associated with the use of such tools.

Points for practitioners

  • Increasing interest and deployment of technology tools, such as artificial intelligence in the public policy and administration, means that a proper understanding and use of technology assisted tools is crucial for the delivery of smooth and effective public policy.
  • The role of human experts remains indispensable in the policy process, but technology assisted tools can be utilised to speed up implementation processes and help give policy feedback.
COVID-19 大流行表明,新的数字工具在设计、实施和评估旨在遏制和战胜病毒的政策方面发挥了重要作用。然而,依赖数字工具不应削弱专家在政策制定过程中的作用。本文回答了以下问题,以此探讨技术与专业知识之间的关系:技术辅助工具的引入在多大程度上补充并增强了卫生专家提供更有效政策建议的能力?通过回答这个问题,本文研究了技术支撑的 "政策知识 "来源作为传统专家群体的 "咨询助手 "在政策进程中的机遇和挑战。通过对一个发展中国家的案例研究,我展示了摩洛哥如何通过引入 "Wiqaytna "移动应用程序来促进对高风险地点的报告,并为 "科学委员会 "提供操作反馈,使其能够针对 COVID-19 采取更高效、更有效的行动,尽管使用此类工具存在潜在的技术和伦理问题。 从业者要点 人工智能等技术工具在公共政策和行政管理中的应用日益受到关注,这意味着正确理解和使用技术辅助工具对于顺利有效地实施公共政策至关重要。 在政策制定过程中,人类专家的作用仍然不可或缺,但技术辅助工具也可用于加快实施过程,并帮助提供政策反馈。
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引用次数: 0
Bad governance in Australia and how to mitigate it 澳大利亚的弊政以及如何减少弊政
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q2 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8500.12654
Keith Dowding, Marija Taflaga

We argue that new public management (NPM) and other processes have led to adverse selection and agency rent problems within the political elite in Australia. The politicisation of the public service and the rise of careerist politicians have led to the de-separation of what was once two distinct career paths within the political elite. This has changed the decision premise of the advisory system for policy formation and implementation, leading to worse public policy, even policy disasters. We recommend that some of the principles of the Westminster form of government be updated and re-instituted for political elites within the structures of the Australian government. We canvass four reforms: return to merit appointments and promotion for public servants; a return to tenure for senior public servants; an enhanced push for descriptive representation within the career public service; and a formal role for staffers with centralised appointments, inability to instruct public servants, and restrictions on political and policy roles once leaving public service. These are designed to end the distrust, perceived corruption, and poor governance in the Australian government.

Points for practitioners

  • Having separate career paths for non-elected policy elites and elected elites is vital for information transmission and good governance. Each should operate with separate decision premises and work together in creative tension.
  • NPM practices have weakened the separate career paths of public servants and politicians, leading to adverse selection and agency rent for both.
  • The Westminster system has a logic that has been diluted or weakened within the Australian government, leading to poorer policy and policy disasters.
  • The paper presents four areas for reform.
我们认为,新公共管理(NPM)和其他程序导致了澳大利亚政治精英中的逆向选择和代理租金问题。公共服务的政治化和职业政治家的崛起,导致政治精英内部曾经截然不同的两条职业道路不再相互独立。这改变了政策制定和实施咨询系统的决策前提,导致公共政策的恶化,甚至政策灾难。我们建议更新威斯敏斯特政府形式的一些原则,并在澳大利亚政府结构中重新为政治精英确立这些原则。我们提出了四项改革建议:恢复公务员的择优任用和晋升;恢复高级公务员的终身制;在职业公务员队伍中加强对描述性代表的推动;以及让工作人员发挥正式作用,实行集中任命,不得对公务员进行指导,并限制他们在离开公务员队伍后担任政治和政策职务。为非民选的政策精英和民选精英制定不同的职业发展路径,对于信息传递和良好治理至关重要。西敏寺制度的逻辑在澳大利亚政府内部被淡化或弱化,导致了更糟糕的政策和政策灾难。
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引用次数: 0
Developing a Human Learning Systems approach for inter-agency collaboration: Lessons from the UK NHS 为机构间协作开发人类学习系统方法:英国国家医疗服务体系的经验教训
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q2 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8500.12649
Christianne Ormston, Michael Macaulay

This research note presents an exploratory case study that investigates ways in which Human Learning Systems (HLS) has been applied to a new UK health initiative, Collaborative Newcastle. Collaborative Newcastle is a multi-agency venture that brings together the National Health Service, local government, higher education, voluntary organisations, and the community sector to encourage innovation and cooperation in delivering healthcare services. As part of this initiative, multi-agency leadership training has been delivered to managers working within the Collaborative Newcastle organisations to lead within an HLS ethos. It will offer comments on some of the claims to originality that are made on behalf of HLS and other relational models of public management. HLS is in its infancy in Australasia, and therefore this note also offers suggestions from the case study on learnings that could be transposed into the southern hemisphere.

Points for practitioners

  • The bespoke nature of the Human Learning Systems (HLS) approach makes it worthy of further exploration in Australasia.
  • HLS, in this case, has created conditions for increased innovation and trust between multiple partners
  • HLS lends itself to utilising local knowledge and indigenous epistemologies
本研究报告介绍了一项探索性案例研究,调查了将人类学习系统 (HLS) 应用于英国一项新的健康计划--协作纽卡斯尔的方式。纽卡斯尔协作计划是一项多机构合作计划,它将国家卫生服务机构、地方政府、高等教育机构、志愿组织和社区部门聚集在一起,鼓励在提供医疗保健服务方面的创新与合作。作为该计划的一部分,合作纽卡斯尔组织对管理人员进行了多机构领导力培训,使他们能够在 HLS 精神的指导下开展工作。本报告将对代表 HLS 和其他公共管理关系模式提出的一些原创性主张进行评论。人类学习系统在澳大拉西亚尚处于起步阶段,因此本说明还将从案例研究中提出一些建议,供南半球借鉴。 从业人员要点 人类学习系统(HLS)方法的定制性质使其值得在澳大拉西亚进一步探索。在本案例中,人类学习系统为加强创新和多个合作伙伴之间的信任创造了条件。
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引用次数: 0
What do ministers and their advisers say to the critics of Public–Private Partnerships? Results from a mixed-methods study 对于公私合作伙伴关系的批评者,部长们及其顾问是怎么说的?一项混合方法研究的结果
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q2 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8500.12645
Sebastian Zwalf
<div> <section> <p>Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have become an increasingly common model for government infrastructure delivery around the world. However, despite their widespread use, scholarship has been generally sceptical. This study identified 14 common policy and governance criticisms and observations of PPPs as they relate to the interests of citizens. Through interviews and surveys with 23 former government ministers—including 15 former premiers—and 87 political advisers, it tested levels of agreement with each criticism and observation. Its quantitative results find that politicians and their advisers agree with six of those criticisms/observations, reject three, and are neutral towards five. However, qualitatively, respondents were generally supportive of the PPP model, defending it against many of the criticisms and observations tested, particularly against apparent transparency shortcomings and the notion that the uptake of PPPs is motivated by direct electoral benefits. They also believed many criticisms of PPPs are overstated or could apply equally to the so-called traditional procurement models. However, respondents cited significant human capital concerns about the ability of governments to achieve superior financial outcomes through effectively negotiated and monitored PPP contracts. The paper then notes that elected decision makers can identify apparent shortcomings in the PPP model, yet still accept its usage and considers why this might be the case.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Points for practitioners</h3> <div> <ul> <li>Politicians and their advisers accept some of the criticisms and observations made by scholars in relation to PPPs and citizen interests. Notwithstanding that, politicians and their advisers generally believe that PPPs are a technically superior delivery model when compared against its alternatives.</li> <li>Politicians and their advisers do not accept a number of assertions made by scholars, including that PPPs have undermined government-to-citizen accountability; that PPPs have been associated with a de-skilling of the public-sector and that the Public Sector Comparator has been set-aside when governments have chosen to do so. They also rejected assertions that PPPs had required governments to obscure more information from citizens.</li> <li>Politicians and their advisers strongly believed that effective PPP contracts were critical to government achieving financial value through the PPP model. They believed the ability of government to achieve this was heavily depending on having capable public servants who could plan, negotiate and monitor PPP contracts. They believe governments can not eas
公私合作伙伴关系(PPP)已成为世界各地政府提供基础设施的一种日益普遍的模式。然而,尽管公私合作伙伴关系被广泛使用,学术界却普遍对其持怀疑态度。本研究确定了 14 项常见的政策和治理批评,以及与公民利益相关的 PPP 观察。通过对 23 位前政府部长(包括 15 位前总理)和 87 位政治顾问进行访谈和调查,本研究测试了对每项批评和意见的认同程度。定量结果显示,政治家及其顾问同意其中六项批评/意见,拒绝三项,对五项持中立态度。然而,从定性角度看,受访者普遍支持公私伙伴关系模式,并针对许多批评和意见进行了辩护,特别是针对明显的透明度缺陷和公私伙伴关系的采用是出于直接选举利益的观点。他们还认为,对公私伙伴关系的许多批评言过其实,或同样适用于所谓的传统采购模式。然而,受访者对政府是否有能力通过有效谈判和监督公私伙伴关系合同取得优异的财务成果表示了极大的人力资本担忧。本文随后指出,当选的决策者可以发现公私伙伴关系模式的明显缺陷,但仍然接受其使用,并探讨了这种情况的原因。 给从业人员的建议 政治家及其顾问接受学者们就公私伙伴关系和公民利益提出的一些批评和意见。尽管如此,政治家及其顾问普遍认为,与其他模式相比,公私伙伴关系在技术上是一种更优越的交付模式。政治家及其顾问不接受学者提出的一些论断,包括公私伙伴关系破坏了政府对公民的问责制;公私伙伴关系与公共部门的去技能化有关,以及公共部门比较基准在政府选择这样做时被搁置。他们还反对公私伙伴关系要求政府向公民隐瞒更多信息的说法。政治家及其顾问坚信,有效的公私伙伴关系合同对于政府通过公私伙伴关系模式实现财政价值至关重要。他们认为,政府实现这一目标的能力在很大程度上取决于是否拥有能够规划、谈判和监督公私伙伴关系合同的有能力的公务员。他们认为,政府不容易找到并留住上述有能力的工作人员。
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引用次数: 0
How can local government be better supported to collaborate for community health and wellbeing? 如何更好地支持地方政府合作促进社区健康和福祉?
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q2 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8500.12643
Michelle J. Morgan, Elaine Stratford, Samantha Rowbotham, Siobhan Harpur

Collaboration is a key strategy among local governments as expectations of the sector grow and resources to meet them fall short. Thus, more research is needed to consider how local governments can be supported to collaborate with others, not least for community health and wellbeing outcomes. In an earlier study, we explored inter-municipal cooperation using social network analysis and local government perspectives on community health and wellbeing in the Australian state of Tasmania. Extending that study in ways reported here, we interviewed elected representatives and council staff to understand how and why Tasmanian local governments might collaborate with others to support community health and wellbeing. Findings show participants want councils to work more collaboratively to effectively deal with common challenges but are impeded by factors such as isolation and resource shortages. Tasmania's local government reform and Healthy Tasmania strategic plan are significant opportunities for collaborative practice to be enhanced among its local governments generally, and specifically in relation to community health and wellbeing. We advocate for a more considered approach to collaboration for community health and wellbeing that could deliver far-reaching benefits for local governments and their communities.

Points for practitioners

  • Collaboration in local government is often described in terms of ‘shared services’ and tends to focus on transactional services that require little tailoring to local communities.
  • Our study found municipal personnel want their councils to work more collaboratively to address common place-specific issues related to community health and wellbeing, but are influenced by cultures of self-sufficiency, organisational capacity and support, connections, and legislation and policy processes.
  • Local government collaborative practices could be supported by the development of a place-based policy framework to guide collaboration across local government service types, establishment of an informal statewide community health and wellbeing network for councils to facilitate peer learning and support, funding guidelines that explicitly support and encourage collaboration, and identifying collaboration as a priority in strategic plans, policies, and frameworks.
随着人们对地方政府部门的期望越来越高,而用于满足这些期望的资源却越来越少,因此合作成为地方政府的一项重要战略。因此,需要开展更多的研究,以考虑如何支持地方政府与其他政府合作,尤其是在社区健康和福利成果方面。在早前的一项研究中,我们利用社会网络分析和地方政府对澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州社区健康和福利的看法,探讨了城市间的合作。在本报告中,我们对民选代表和议会工作人员进行了访谈,以了解塔斯马尼亚地方政府如何以及为什么要与其他地方政府合作,以支持社区健康和福祉。调查结果显示,参与者希望议会加强合作,以有效应对共同的挑战,但却受到孤立和资源短缺等因素的阻碍。塔斯马尼亚州的地方政府改革和健康塔斯马尼亚战略计划为加强地方政府之间的合作实践提供了重要机遇,特别是在社区健康和福利方面。我们主张在社区健康与福利方面采取更加深思熟虑的合作方式,这将为地方政府及其社区带来深远的益处。 从业者要点 地方政府中的合作通常以 "共享服务 "的方式进行描述,并倾向于将重点放在事务性服务上,而这些服务几乎不需要为地方社区量身定制。我们的研究发现,市政人员希望他们的议会能够加强合作,以解决与社区健康和福祉相关的共同的地方性问题,但这受到自给自足文化、组织能力和支持、联系以及立法和政策程序的影响。可以通过以下方式支持地方政府的合作实践:制定基于地方的政策框架以指导地方政府服务类型间的合作;为议会建立非正式的全州社区健康和福利网络以促进同行学习和支持;制定明确支持和鼓励合作的资助准则;以及将合作确定为战略计划、政策和框架中的优先事项。
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引用次数: 0
From local government to local governance: A systematic literature review and future research agenda 从地方政府到地方治理:系统文献综述和未来研究议程
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q2 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2024-05-26 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8500.12644
Chengzhi Yi, Xinyi Qiu

The shift from local government to local governance has become a pervasive trend globally. Yet, little attention has been devoted to systematisation of existing knowledge on local governance. To enhance the understanding of local governance in public administration, this article provides a systematic literature review of 141 articles published in leading public administration journals between 1990 and 2022. Six lines of study are identified, including community, power, partnership, participation, reform, and performance, and 10 propositions about these themes are summarised. Existing literature has transcended excessive optimism and simplistic views to respond to the complexity of local governance practice, whereas the findings show some complexity and variety, and there are still gaps to be filled. Future studies are expected to consider different contexts, refine the research methods, and shed light on the roles of non-governmental organisations, the balance between public values and local autonomy, the impact of technological reform, and the interactions among multiple factors in local governance.

Points for practitioners

  • To ensure effective local governance, it is necessary to balance public sector modernisation with wider civic participation, and complement representative democracy with deliberative and participatory democracy, involving citizens in further processes of governance beyond voting.
  • Local governance performance can be evaluated with indicators drawn from both processes and outcomes, including both development-oriented and value-based ones.
  • Widely embraced strategies of local governance such as community governance, decentralisation, partnership, and public participation are not panacea and do not necessarily produce desired outcomes. The influencing factors in aspects of values, mechanisms, and instruments, the interactions among multiple factors, and the specific contexts deserve careful attention.
从地方政府到地方治理的转变已成为全球的普遍趋势。然而,人们很少关注现有地方治理知识的系统化。为了加深对公共行政中地方治理的理解,本文对 1990 年至 2022 年间发表在主要公共行政期刊上的 141 篇文章进行了系统的文献综述。文章确定了六个研究方向,包括社区、权力、伙伴关系、参与、改革和绩效,并总结了有关这些主题的 10 个命题。现有文献已经超越了过度乐观和简单化的观点,对地方治理实践的复杂性做出了回应,而研究结果则显示出一定的复杂性和多样性,仍有一些空白有待填补。未来的研究有望考虑不同的背景,完善研究方法,并阐明非政府组织的作用、公共价值与地方自治之间的平衡、技术改革的影响以及地方治理中多种因素之间的相互作用。地方治理的绩效可以用过程和结果两方面的指标来评估,包括以发展为导向的指标和以价值为基础的指标。广为接受的地方治理战略,如社区治理、权力下放、伙伴关系和公众参与,并不是灵丹妙药,也不一定能产生理想的结果。价值观、机制和手段等方面的影响因素、多种因素之间的相互作用以及具体情况都值得认真关注。
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引用次数: 0
How do street-level organisations adapt to a new policy framework? Evidence from a Swiss canton 街道组织如何适应新的政策框架?来自瑞士某州的证据
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q2 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8500.12646
Claudio Domenig, Fritz Sager

This article examines how street-level organisations (SLO) respond to new legal framework conditions after regulatory reform. Organisational response to a changed legal framework is key to understand implementation resilience as established organisational practice may collide with new legal obligations. Our cases are four family support and child protection organisations in a Swiss canton facing new legislation. These SLO and their personnel are strongly committed to their clientele and thus cannot simply adapt to new legislation. The study shows how the organisations perceive their discretion in the implementation of the new policy framework, the accountabilities they are bound by, and the way they cope with divergent requirements and conflicting priorities given their dependence on the regulator as commissioner of their work. SLO differ in their strategies for dealing with the new legal framework depending on the economic context in which they operate, in particular if they act as mainly privately run organisations.

Points for practitioners

  • Members of street-level organisations (SLO) are strongly committed to their clientele and thus cannot simply adapt to new legislation.
  • Facing legal restrictions, SLO members aim to maintain their client-oriented services and to exercise their discretion as far as possible.
  • SLO that are administratively and financially dependent on the regulator and the service commissioners cannot ignore a new legal framework.
  • SLO differ in their strategies for dealing with the new legal framework depending on the economic context in which they operate, in particular if they act as mainly privately run organisations.
本文探讨了街道组织(SLO)在监管改革后如何应对新的法律框架条件。组织对法律框架变化的反应是理解实施复原力的关键,因为既定的组织实践可能会与新的法律义务发生冲突。我们的案例是瑞士某州面临新立法的四个家庭支持和儿童保护组织。这些 SLO 及其工作人员坚定地致力于服务客户,因此无法简单地适应新立法。研究显示了这些组织如何看待他们在实施新政策框架中的自由裁量权、他们所承担的责任,以及他们如何应对不同的要求和相互冲突的优先事项,因为他们的工作依赖于监管机构。街头组织(SLO)的成员对其客户有强烈的承诺,因此不能简单地适应新的立法。面对法律限制,街头组织成员的目标是保持其面向客户的服务,并尽可能行使其自由裁量权。在行政和财政上依赖于监管机构和服务专员的 SLO 无法忽视新的法律框架。SLO 应对新法律框架的策略各不相同,这取决于它们所处的经济环境,特别是如果它们主要是私营组织。
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引用次数: 0
Collaboration risk, vulnerability, and resource sharing in disaster management networks 灾害管理网络中的合作风险、脆弱性和资源共享
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q2 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8500.12642
Minsun Song, Joungyoon Hwang, Inseok Seo
<div> <section> <p>Local governments have the authority to implement emergency management and are the primary responders in emergencies. They are strategically positioned to lead the charge in disaster response. Similar to other wicked problems, disasters require comprehensive and complicated responses. Local emergency management networks facilitate the exchange of information and resources between local entities and their collaborating partners. Successful collaboration across local governments is imperative in unexpected and urgent incidents. This paper applies the institutional collective action (ICA) framework to investigate the effects of relational risk and vulnerability on the formation of networks. The relational risk perceived by each collaborative organisation and the vulnerability of the community are crucial factors in the establishment and maintenance of collaborative networks. In addition, the need for resource exchange also affects the formation of networks. Logistic regression estimates the effect of collaboration risk and vulnerability on network formation using data from the 2015 Seoul EM survey. The findings confirm that the perceived collaboration risk negatively influences the establishment of collaborative ties in networks, while the perceived vulnerability level positively affects the arrangement of collaborative networks. In addition, the respondent's need for resource exchange increases when building networks. These results imply that relieving the relational risk levels is important for facilitating inter-organisational collaboration. Furthermore, the actors’ assessments of the vulnerability of the community influence their willingness to join networks to relieve external uncertainty and susceptibility. Lastly, organisations’ give-and-take relationships on information sharing and physical resource transmission have the potential to stimulate the establishment of collaborative networks.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Points for practitioners</h3> <div> <ul> <li>Sustainable interconnectedness among functionally and horizontally fragmented organisations is crucial for dealing with disasters efficiently, but it does not come solely from emergency management planning itself. Understanding the risk mechanism embedded in an interdependent relationship should increase the potential benefits of a successful response.</li> <li>The degree of vulnerability in a community affects the level of risk perception when collaborating with other organisations. Beyond the internal capacity or assessment of their organisation, how they view their community in general influences their decision-making differently when it comes to forging inter-relational collaboration.</li>
地方政府有权实施应急管理,是紧急情况下的主要响应者。它们在战略上处于领导灾害应对工作的地位。与其他棘手的问题类似,灾害也需要全面而复杂的应对措施。地方应急管理网络促进了地方实体及其合作伙伴之间的信息和资源交流。在突发紧急事件中,地方政府之间的成功合作势在必行。本文运用机构集体行动(ICA)框架来研究关系风险和脆弱性对网络形成的影响。每个合作组织所感知的关系风险和社区的脆弱性是建立和维护合作网络的关键因素。此外,资源交换需求也会影响网络的形成。利用 2015 年首尔新兴市场调查的数据,通过逻辑回归估计了合作风险和脆弱性对网络形成的影响。结果证实,感知到的合作风险会对网络中合作关系的建立产生负面影响,而感知到的脆弱性水平会对合作网络的安排产生正面影响。此外,在建立网络时,受访者对资源交换的需求会增加。这些结果表明,降低关系风险水平对于促进组织间合作非常重要。此外,行动者对社区脆弱性的评估也会影响他们加入网络以缓解外部不确定性和易感性的意愿。最后,各组织在信息共享和物质资源传递方面的互惠互利关系也有可能促进协作网络的建立。了解相互依存关系中蕴含的风险机制,可以增加成功应对的潜在收益。社区的脆弱程度会影响到与其他组织合作时的风险认知水平。除了组织的内部能力或评估之外,他们对社区的总体看法也会影响他们在建立相互合作关系时的决策。在灾害期间,及时共享资源至关重要。每个组织都有不同的谈判能力,需要考虑建立相互依存的关系。
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引用次数: 0
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Australian Journal of Public Administration
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