We tested whether skin tone would influence pain estimation and whether a colour stereotype (i.e., “darker‐is‐stronger”) moderates the relationship. We manipulated targets' skin tone into three levels (darker/medium/lighter). Participants estimated how much physical or emotional pain the targets would feel in various adverse situations and answered how much they believed objects with darker colours are stronger. Although the differences in estimated pain between the three skin tone conditions were not statistically significant, we found the moderation effect of the colour stereotype on the relationship between skin tone and pain estimation (for physical pain only). Specifically, participants with a stronger colour stereotype expected that darker‐skinned targets would feel less physical pain than lighter skinned ones.
{"title":"Skin tone effects on others' pain estimation: Moderation by a colour stereotype","authors":"Chang Hyun Ha, Sang Hee Park","doi":"10.1111/ajsp.12634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12634","url":null,"abstract":"We tested whether skin tone would influence pain estimation and whether a colour stereotype (i.e., “darker‐is‐stronger”) moderates the relationship. We manipulated targets' skin tone into three levels (darker/medium/lighter). Participants estimated how much physical or emotional pain the targets would feel in various adverse situations and answered how much they believed objects with darker colours are stronger. Although the differences in estimated pain between the three skin tone conditions were not statistically significant, we found the moderation effect of the colour stereotype on the relationship between skin tone and pain estimation (for physical pain only). Specifically, participants with a stronger colour stereotype expected that darker‐skinned targets would feel less physical pain than lighter skinned ones.","PeriodicalId":47394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prosocial behaviour is a hallmark of social and emotional competence during childhood. Thus, promoting the development of children's prosocial behaviour can have important downstream benefits for individuals and society. Previous studies indicated that there is a positive effect of negative moral emotions on prosocial behaviour, but the influence of positive moral emotions on prosocial behaviour remains largely unknown. This study adopted three experiments to investigate the influence of positive moral emotions on three aspects of prosocial behaviour in 3–5‐year‐old children. After inducing positive moral emotions in children, they were observed either in helping (Experiment 1, N = 151, 75 boys), sharing (Experiment 2, N = 141, 69 boys) or comforting (Experiment 3, N = 132, 66 boys) scenarios. Results showed that: (1) children's helping, sharing and comforting behaviours in the moral emotions (experimental) group were significantly higher than those in the control group, suggesting that positive moral emotions could positively influence the examined prosocial behaviours; (2) there were age differences in children's helping, sharing and comforting, but the effect of positive moral emotions on the examined prosocial behaviours did not differ by age and gender. These findings point to the need for fostering positive moral emotions in early cultivation of children's prosocial behaviour during pre‐schooler education.
{"title":"The promotive influence of positive moral emotions on prosocial behavior in 3–5‐year‐old children","authors":"Feng Zhao, Chunhua Peng, Ofir Turel, Qinghua He, Shuyue Zhang","doi":"10.1111/ajsp.12632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12632","url":null,"abstract":"Prosocial behaviour is a hallmark of social and emotional competence during childhood. Thus, promoting the development of children's prosocial behaviour can have important downstream benefits for individuals and society. Previous studies indicated that there is a positive effect of negative moral emotions on prosocial behaviour, but the influence of positive moral emotions on prosocial behaviour remains largely unknown. This study adopted three experiments to investigate the influence of positive moral emotions on three aspects of prosocial behaviour in 3–5‐year‐old children. After inducing positive moral emotions in children, they were observed either in helping (Experiment 1, N = 151, 75 boys), sharing (Experiment 2, N = 141, 69 boys) or comforting (Experiment 3, N = 132, 66 boys) scenarios. Results showed that: (1) children's helping, sharing and comforting behaviours in the moral emotions (experimental) group were significantly higher than those in the control group, suggesting that positive moral emotions could positively influence the examined prosocial behaviours; (2) there were age differences in children's helping, sharing and comforting, but the effect of positive moral emotions on the examined prosocial behaviours did not differ by age and gender. These findings point to the need for fostering positive moral emotions in early cultivation of children's prosocial behaviour during pre‐schooler education.","PeriodicalId":47394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through a questionnaire survey of 326 respondents in romantic relationships, we apply the theory of motivated information management (TMIM) in explaining the process of managing uncertainty through interpersonal electronic surveillance (IES) in romantic relationships. Our results indicate that: (1) In the interpretation phase of TMIM, the uncertainty discrepancy of romantic relationship is positively related to people's anxiety. (2) In the evaluation phase, the anxiety can significantly decrease the individual's efficacy, while increase (positive) outcome expectancy (OE) of IES and OE would positively influence people's efficacy. (3) In the decision phase, the positive effect of outcome expectation is significant enough, showing a direct and positive impact on IES, which causes efficacy not to significantly influence IES. Theoretical implications related to revised TMIM and practical implications related to IES as a means of managing uncertainty in romantic relationships are discussed.
{"title":"Research on interpersonal electronic surveillance in romantic relationships: Applying the theory of motivated information management","authors":"Yiting Bai, Donghan Fu, Lyn M. van Swol","doi":"10.1111/ajsp.12631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12631","url":null,"abstract":"Through a questionnaire survey of 326 respondents in romantic relationships, we apply the theory of motivated information management (TMIM) in explaining the process of managing uncertainty through interpersonal electronic surveillance (IES) in romantic relationships. Our results indicate that: (1) In the interpretation phase of TMIM, the uncertainty discrepancy of romantic relationship is positively related to people's anxiety. (2) In the evaluation phase, the anxiety can significantly decrease the individual's efficacy, while increase (positive) outcome expectancy (OE) of IES and OE would positively influence people's efficacy. (3) In the decision phase, the positive effect of outcome expectation is significant enough, showing a direct and positive impact on IES, which causes efficacy not to significantly influence IES. Theoretical implications related to revised TMIM and practical implications related to IES as a means of managing uncertainty in romantic relationships are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141514119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on residential mobility is burgeoning; however, only a few studies have examined this topic in the context of impression formation. In Study 1, we first examined the hypothesis that high residential mobility increases sensitivity to friendliness, whereas low residential mobility increases sensitivity to hostility. In the word completion task, no effects of residential mobility were observed; however, in the impression formation task, participants with high residential mobility perceived friendly new acquaintances with higher amicability than those with low residential mobility (Studies 1a and 1c). Meanwhile, no effect was observed with the hostile new acquaintances (Study 1b). The results suggest that the effects of residential mobility, with a focus on friendliness and hostility, may be highly context dependent. Study 2 partially confirmed this idea, showing that participants with low residential mobility perceived hostile old acquaintances as less friendly than those with high residential mobility, and there was no effect of residential mobility in the case of friendly old acquaintances (Study 3). The role of residential mobility on impression formation was discussed.
{"title":"Effects of residential mobility on impression formation across different social contexts","authors":"Yuchen Fang, Asuka Komiya","doi":"10.1111/ajsp.12630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12630","url":null,"abstract":"Research on residential mobility is burgeoning; however, only a few studies have examined this topic in the context of impression formation. In Study 1, we first examined the hypothesis that high residential mobility increases sensitivity to friendliness, whereas low residential mobility increases sensitivity to hostility. In the word completion task, no effects of residential mobility were observed; however, in the impression formation task, participants with high residential mobility perceived friendly new acquaintances with higher amicability than those with low residential mobility (Studies 1a and 1c). Meanwhile, no effect was observed with the hostile new acquaintances (Study 1b). The results suggest that the effects of residential mobility, with a focus on friendliness and hostility, may be highly context dependent. Study 2 partially confirmed this idea, showing that participants with low residential mobility perceived hostile old acquaintances as less friendly than those with high residential mobility, and there was no effect of residential mobility in the case of friendly old acquaintances (Study 3). The role of residential mobility on impression formation was discussed.","PeriodicalId":47394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141514120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariette Berndsen, Emma F. Thomas, Eugene Y. J. Tee
Research comparing how people engage in collective action in different nations to promote justice for disadvantaged groups is scarce. We investigated the effects of national identification (glorification/attachment) and religious identification across two nations (Australia, N = 358 and Malaysia, N = 300) on collective action to support Rohingya refugees of the 2017 refugee crisis. Specifically, we tested whether the relationship between national identification and collective action would be moderated by religious identification, and whether the latter would be moderated by nation. As glorification is associated with prejudice against other groups within the nation, we predicted and found support for the hypothesis that glorification of Australian identity would be a negative predictor of collective action, regardless of religion. In contrast, we hypothesized that in the Malaysian context, glorification and collective support would be shaped by religious (Islamic) identity which represented a social category shared by Malays and Rohingya refugees. Results showed that only when Malays identified with Islam, the relationship between glorification and collective support was positive. Unexpectedly, attachment and identification with Christianity or no‐religion inhibited collective support in the Australian context. The findings challenge commonly held views about glorification and attachment and enhance insight in cross‐national solidarity in a world of increasing global interdependence.
{"title":"The impact of religious identification on national identification and engagement in collective action to support Rohingya refugees: A comparison between Australia and Malaysia","authors":"Mariette Berndsen, Emma F. Thomas, Eugene Y. J. Tee","doi":"10.1111/ajsp.12622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12622","url":null,"abstract":"Research comparing how people engage in collective action in different nations to promote justice for disadvantaged groups is scarce. We investigated the effects of national identification (glorification/attachment) and religious identification across two nations (Australia, <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 358 and Malaysia, <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 300) on collective action to support Rohingya refugees of the 2017 refugee crisis. Specifically, we tested whether the relationship between national identification and collective action would be moderated by religious identification, and whether the latter would be moderated by nation. As glorification is associated with prejudice against other groups within the nation, we predicted and found support for the hypothesis that glorification of Australian identity would be a negative predictor of collective action, regardless of religion. In contrast, we hypothesized that in the Malaysian context, glorification and collective support would be shaped by religious (Islamic) identity which represented a social category shared by Malays and Rohingya refugees. Results showed that only when Malays identified with Islam, the relationship between glorification and collective support was <jats:italic>positive</jats:italic>. Unexpectedly, attachment and identification with Christianity or no‐religion inhibited collective support in the Australian context. The findings challenge commonly held views about glorification and attachment and enhance insight in cross‐national solidarity in a world of increasing global interdependence.","PeriodicalId":47394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140842114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although there is an exponential rise in the literature on gratitude research, there is no attempt to systematically identify the historical development and recent trends in gratitude research. Gratitude has been defined diversely as an emotion, an attitude, a moral virtue, a habit, a personality trait or a coping response. As an emotion, people experience gratitude when they receive something valuable from someone else. As a trait, it is defined as a tendency to recognise and respond to goodness in others. The present study uses bibliometric analysis to review gratitude publications from the last 20 years, that is from 2001 to September 2023. WoS (Web of Science) identified 2982 publications referring to gratitude in title, abstract or keywords. It comprised 2860 articles and 122 review papers. The extracted data were analysed and visualised with the help of two analytical tools, that is the WoS analysis and VOSviewer (version 1.6.16). This study elicits the number of publications and citations from 2001 to September 2023, and most cited publications, and the most influential authors, articles, publishers, universities and countries as performance analysis. Furthermore, collaboration among countries, keyword co‐occurrence and recent trend analysis are employed through science mapping. The results reveal that the major research areas of gratitude research are psychology, social sciences, business economics, psychiatry and public environmental and occupational health. The keywords co‐occurrence suggest five major research clusters: evolutionary studies of gratitude, gratitude and health, gratitude and positive psychology, gratitude among children and adolescent and mediating and moderating studies of gratitude. Also, the analysis of recent 5‐year studies highlights a clear trend of scientific explorations of gratitude against earlier trends of articles on philosophical and religious connotations of gratitude.
{"title":"Gratitude research: Review and future agenda using bibliometric analysis of the studies published in the last 20 years","authors":"Naval Garg","doi":"10.1111/ajsp.12621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12621","url":null,"abstract":"Although there is an exponential rise in the literature on gratitude research, there is no attempt to systematically identify the historical development and recent trends in gratitude research. Gratitude has been defined diversely as an emotion, an attitude, a moral virtue, a habit, a personality trait or a coping response. As an emotion, people experience gratitude when they receive something valuable from someone else. As a trait, it is defined as a tendency to recognise and respond to goodness in others. The present study uses bibliometric analysis to review gratitude publications from the last 20 years, that is from 2001 to September 2023. WoS (Web of Science) identified 2982 publications referring to gratitude in title, abstract or keywords. It comprised 2860 articles and 122 review papers. The extracted data were analysed and visualised with the help of two analytical tools, that is the WoS analysis and VOSviewer (version 1.6.16). This study elicits the number of publications and citations from 2001 to September 2023, and most cited publications, and the most influential authors, articles, publishers, universities and countries as performance analysis. Furthermore, collaboration among countries, keyword co‐occurrence and recent trend analysis are employed through science mapping. The results reveal that the major research areas of gratitude research are psychology, social sciences, business economics, psychiatry and public environmental and occupational health. The keywords co‐occurrence suggest five major research clusters: evolutionary studies of gratitude, gratitude and health, gratitude and positive psychology, gratitude among children and adolescent and mediating and moderating studies of gratitude. Also, the analysis of recent 5‐year studies highlights a clear trend of scientific explorations of gratitude against earlier trends of articles on philosophical and religious connotations of gratitude.","PeriodicalId":47394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140828033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Empathy is the ability to understand and resonate with the emotions of others, typically requiring individuals to infer others' emotional status through the information around them. However, this information is often ambiguous and it is unknown whether individuals with high empathy have a bias in interpreting contextual information. Therefore, this study investigated how individuals with low and high empathy interpret other‐relevant scenarios in Study 1 (N = 98) and self‐relevant scenarios in Study 2 (N = 95), by using the scenarios task and the Sentence Word Association Paradigm (SWAP) separately. Study 1 observed that, for interpretations of other‐relevant scenarios, the high‐empathy group showed greater likelihood ratings for negative interpretations than those with low‐empathy in both social and non‐social scenarios. Study 2 found that, for interpretations of self‐relevant scenarios, the high‐empathy group differed from the low‐empathy group only on non‐social scenarios but not on social scenarios. Specifically, individuals with high empathy were more likely to report a relationship between a negative word and an ambiguous scenario compared to those with low empathy in self‐relevant non‐social scenarios. The study first revealed a bias for highly empathetic individuals to regard the ambiguous scenarios as negative in other‐relevant and self‐relevant scenarios, except for self‐relevant social scenarios.
{"title":"Interpretation bias for ambiguous scenarios among individuals with high and low levels of empathy","authors":"Yuanyuan Fang, Ting Xu, Haijiang Li","doi":"10.1111/ajsp.12620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12620","url":null,"abstract":"Empathy is the ability to understand and resonate with the emotions of others, typically requiring individuals to infer others' emotional status through the information around them. However, this information is often ambiguous and it is unknown whether individuals with high empathy have a bias in interpreting contextual information. Therefore, this study investigated how individuals with low and high empathy interpret other‐relevant scenarios in Study 1 (N = 98) and self‐relevant scenarios in Study 2 (N = 95), by using the scenarios task and the Sentence Word Association Paradigm (SWAP) separately. Study 1 observed that, for interpretations of other‐relevant scenarios, the high‐empathy group showed greater likelihood ratings for negative interpretations than those with low‐empathy in both social and non‐social scenarios. Study 2 found that, for interpretations of self‐relevant scenarios, the high‐empathy group differed from the low‐empathy group only on non‐social scenarios but not on social scenarios. Specifically, individuals with high empathy were more likely to report a relationship between a negative word and an ambiguous scenario compared to those with low empathy in self‐relevant non‐social scenarios. The study first revealed a bias for highly empathetic individuals to regard the ambiguous scenarios as negative in other‐relevant and self‐relevant scenarios, except for self‐relevant social scenarios.","PeriodicalId":47394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140668827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces the social network perspective to the context of electric‐bike driving and empirically tests various hypotheses on the relationship between social network density and electric‐bike driving hazards. The results of a three‐wave time‐lagged field study of 1575 electric‐bike drivers showed that social network density had a negative indirect effect on driving hazards, mediated by perceived obligation, and a positive indirect effect on driving hazards, mediated by overconfidence. Furthermore, a strong perceived ethical climate strengthened the negative indirect effect of social network density on driving hazards via perceived obligation and mitigated the positive indirect effect of social network density on driving hazards via overconfidence. This study makes theoretical contributions and provides empirical evidence to support the further exploration of electric‐bike driving safety hazards. It also contributes to the literature on social network density by revealing how it is akin to a double‐edged sword in the context of safety incidents.
{"title":"Perceived obligation, overconfidence and electric‐bike driving hazards: The double‐edged sword of social network density","authors":"Hongxu Lu, Li Jiang, Ting Wu, Ke Zhang, Li Lin","doi":"10.1111/ajsp.12615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12615","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the social network perspective to the context of electric‐bike driving and empirically tests various hypotheses on the relationship between social network density and electric‐bike driving hazards. The results of a three‐wave time‐lagged field study of 1575 electric‐bike drivers showed that social network density had a negative indirect effect on driving hazards, mediated by perceived obligation, and a positive indirect effect on driving hazards, mediated by overconfidence. Furthermore, a strong perceived ethical climate strengthened the negative indirect effect of social network density on driving hazards via perceived obligation and mitigated the positive indirect effect of social network density on driving hazards via overconfidence. This study makes theoretical contributions and provides empirical evidence to support the further exploration of electric‐bike driving safety hazards. It also contributes to the literature on social network density by revealing how it is akin to a double‐edged sword in the context of safety incidents.","PeriodicalId":47394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous studies have documented cultural gaps in levels of well‐being, particularly within the contexts of individualistic and collectivistic nations. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the disparities remain incompletely understood. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to explore how cross‐cultural differences in the use of emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and coping (problem‐focused and avoidant coping) predict health outcomes, specifically happiness and loneliness. As expected, the results of structural equation modelling demonstrated that American participants were more likely to use reappraisal and problem‐focused coping, both of which were positively associated with happiness but negatively linked to loneliness. In contrast, Japanese participants tended to lean toward suppression and avoidant coping, resulting in lower happiness and greater loneliness. Overall, the present findings affirm the substantial influence of cultural norms and values on regulatory strategies individuals employ in response to daily stressors, which are inextricably tied to human functioning.
{"title":"Exploring emotion regulation and coping across cultures: Implications for happiness and loneliness","authors":"Hiroki Hirano, Keiko Ishii","doi":"10.1111/ajsp.12619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12619","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have documented cultural gaps in levels of well‐being, particularly within the contexts of individualistic and collectivistic nations. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the disparities remain incompletely understood. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to explore how cross‐cultural differences in the use of emotion regulation (<jats:italic>cognitive reappraisal</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>expressive suppression</jats:italic>) and coping (<jats:italic>problem‐focused</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>avoidant coping</jats:italic>) predict health outcomes, specifically happiness and loneliness. As expected, the results of structural equation modelling demonstrated that American participants were more likely to use reappraisal and problem‐focused coping, both of which were positively associated with happiness but negatively linked to loneliness. In contrast, Japanese participants tended to lean toward suppression and avoidant coping, resulting in lower happiness and greater loneliness. Overall, the present findings affirm the substantial influence of cultural norms and values on regulatory strategies individuals employ in response to daily stressors, which are inextricably tied to human functioning.","PeriodicalId":47394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study examined the social status of women in China by reviewing the levels and trends of objective and subjective socioeconomic status and gender role attitudes. We employed a hierarchical age–period–cohort analysis and used repeated cross‐sectional data from the 2010 to 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (N = 52,927), a nationwide probability survey. The study found that for both males and females, differences in age effects were more pronounced than period and cohort effects. Specifically, there were no significant gender differences in levels of education. However, women start at a lower level of occupational prestige and income than men. Particularly in late adulthood, the rate of decline in income is significantly faster for women than for adult men. Chinese women's gender role attitudes interact with their objective socioeconomic status. Subjectively, China's awareness and recognition of gender equality and women's rights and interests are increasing, but objective gender inequality still exists, and there are many challenges to be addressed.
{"title":"The social status of women in China: Analysis based on age, period, and cohort effects","authors":"Dian Wang, Xiaokang Lyu, Lijun Chen","doi":"10.1111/ajsp.12616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12616","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined the social status of women in China by reviewing the levels and trends of objective and subjective socioeconomic status and gender role attitudes. We employed a hierarchical age–period–cohort analysis and used repeated cross‐sectional data from the 2010 to 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (N = 52,927), a nationwide probability survey. The study found that for both males and females, differences in age effects were more pronounced than period and cohort effects. Specifically, there were no significant gender differences in levels of education. However, women start at a lower level of occupational prestige and income than men. Particularly in late adulthood, the rate of decline in income is significantly faster for women than for adult men. Chinese women's gender role attitudes interact with their objective socioeconomic status. Subjectively, China's awareness and recognition of gender equality and women's rights and interests are increasing, but objective gender inequality still exists, and there are many challenges to be addressed.","PeriodicalId":47394,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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