Asian Journal of Social Psychology最新文献

The present study investigated whether multicultural variables derived from the Multicultural Assessment-Intervention Process model (shifting, gender roles, acculturation, perceived discrimination) could predict levels of internalized weight bias (IWB) or disordered eating behaviours in 429 Asian American adult women. A facet of shifting, White beauty conformity and mainstream acculturation were the only multicultural variables that significantly predicted all five body- and eating-related outcomes (IWB, restraint, eating, shape and weight concerns). Gender roles and two aspects of perceived discrimination (social exclusion and stigmatization) also showed predictive ability for one or more of the outcome measures. Results highlight the relationship between multicultural and body- and eating-related variables for Asian American women and underscore the salience of body shape and weight, the importance placed on conforming to Western culture and beauty standards and the detrimental effects of doing so for this population. Clinical implications and future research are discussed.

Stereotypes often link female employees with increased family–work conflicts and low work outcomes. Nevertheless, female employees may excel in both home and work environments. This study aimed to examine the effect of maximizing tendency on female employees' family-to-work enrichment and adaptivity. A three-wave survey involving 1074 female employees was conducted. Results indicated that maximizing tendency positively predicts adaptivity via family-to-work enrichment. Spousal relationship quality weakens the effect of maximizing on family-to-work enrichment and employee adaptivity. The findings highlight the benefits of maximizing tendency in female employees, suggesting a bright side to maximizing as it enhances adaptability in dynamic work situations. The study also identifies maximizing tendency as a novel personal characteristic that facilitates resource transfer from family to work domain. The findings offer a valuable perspective for promoting female employees' success in the workplace.

The Time Perception Scale (Niiya, 2019, Journal of Happiness Studies) measures people's perception of time as zero-sum (i.e., the perception that they are taking time away from others, that they are offering time to others, or that others are taking away time from them) and nonzero-sum (i.e., the perception that time spent on others is time spent on themselves). This scale was validated in Japan, but whether people from a non-Asian culture also perceive time as nonzero-sum remained unknown. We tested the measurement invariance of the Time Perception Scale with 189 Americans and 240 Japanese and examined its correlations with psychological well-being and cultural self-construals. We confirmed the configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance of the scale and also found that zero-sum and nonzero-sum time perceptions were differently associated with basic needs satisfaction, life satisfaction, and interdependent self-construal in both cultures. Nonzero-sum time perception may provide a new possibility where a concept derived from East Asian philosophy can contribute to our psychological well-being.

One of the crucial factors in changing behaviour towards pro-environmental actions is climate change perception. The latest measurement tool for assessing this variable is the Climate Change Perception Scale (CCPS). However, CCPS has not gained widespread adoption and usage across different cultures, including Indonesia, and no analyses have been conducted to adapt and validate CCPS in the Indonesian context. Therefore, this study aimed to adapt, validate, and assess the measurement tool's consistency in Indonesia's cultural context. To investigate the instrument's psychometric properties, two studies (n = 358, 415) were conducted in Indonesia to provide evidence of the internal consistency, convergent validity, and predictive validity of CCPS. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the Indonesian version of CCPS, which consists of 15 items, with three for each dimension, accurately and reliably measured perception of climate change. CCPS also demonstrated good convergent validity, as indicated by the significant correlations with a nature relatedness (r = 0.425, p < 0.01) and biospheric value (r = 0.341, p < 0.01) construct. Furthermore, it exhibited predictive validity by predicting pro-environmental behaviour, β = 0.243, b = 0.176, t(413) = 5.10, p < 0.01. However, the Indonesian version of CCPS still needs to be tested and confirmed through various studies, considering the poor validity of the temporal dimension and the weak factor loading of the consequence dimension in Study 2.

Research on skin tone bias (i.e., bias against members of the same racial group with different skin tones) has been conducted mostly with Black/White targets. We tested skin tone bias with East Asian (Korean) targets and investigated its possible mechanisms. In Study 1, comparisons of impressions between targets with different skin tones (darker-, medium-, and lighter-skinned) showed statistically significant differences in warmth, competence, morality, cleanliness, dangerousness, strongness, and social status. Study 2 revealed that lighter-skinned Koreans were perceived to be more similar to Whites (vs. Blacks or South Asians), but this perceived similarity did not explain the effect of skin tone on impression ratings. In Study 3, participants showed associations of darker (vs. lighter) skin with rural (vs. urban) areas and with blue-collar (vs. white-collar) jobs. However, these associations explained only the skin tone effects on dangerousness. This research demonstrated skin tone bias with East Asian participants and targets.

This study revealed determinants that influence motive inference toward helpers who engage in lifesaving. The costly signalling theory contends that higher costs associated with helping behaviour will promote one's inference of altruistic motives toward a helper. We examined how costs affect third parties' motive inference when controlling for benefits to recipients. In addition, in terms of projection theory, we predicted that the stronger the third parties' praise-seeking need, the more likely it is they will infer self-presentational motives toward a helper. We also examined if the praise-seeking need would moderate the effect of cost on motive inference. Two vignette studies using hypothetical scenarios were conducted. In Study 1 (N = 140) and Study 2 (N = 100), the main effect of costs was found to be significant, indicating that the larger the cost, the more likely it is that a third party inferred altruistic motives toward a helper. Moreover, the main effect (but not the moderation effect) of the praise-seeking need was also significant, as predicted above. This study provides stronger support for the costly signalling theory and reveals an individual-difference factor that determines motive inference toward a helper.

Two pre-registered studies examined people's psychological collectivism, personal control, and attitudes toward disease-control measures in the context of the COVID-19 crisis and more generalized contexts. Study 1 surveyed 819 residents in Shanghai in late May 2022 when they were undergoing a stringent city-wide lockdown caused by an outbreak of the Omicron variant. We found that participants' psychological collectivism attenuated the negative association between experiences of COVID-19 restrictions and personal control and enhanced the positive association between personal control and support for COVID-19 restrictions. Study 2 (N = 403) recruited an online sample with diverse backgrounds and demographic characteristics and sought to extend the findings of Study 1 beyond the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were exposed to a series of hypothetical scenarios depicting a fictitious virus with varying fatality and transmissibility. As in Study 1, participants higher in psychological collectivism exhibited a stronger positive association between personal control and endorsement of stricter societal disease-control measures, but only in low-fatality, high-transmissibility situations. The implications of these findings for facilitating public support for disease-control efforts are discussed.

This research investigates how formal versus informal supervisor support behaviours shape employees' affect- and cognition-based trust across cultures of varying power distance. Using data from in-depth interviews, Study 1 found that trust-enhancing supervisor behaviours were more formal, status conscious and imposing in India (a high power distance culture) than in the Netherlands (a low power distance culture); unlike in India, supervisors acted more like friends or equals with their subordinates in the Netherlands. Using vignettes, Study 2 found that, compared to informal support behaviours, formal support behaviours increased both affect- and cognition-based trust among Indian participants, but among US participants, formal support behaviours only increased cognition-based trust. Study 3 conceptually replicated those findings by manipulating power distance in an organization. Together, the findings from these three studies suggest that supervisors' formal socio-emotional support behaviours are particularly effective in increasing affect-based trust in societal and organizational cultures that are high power distance.

The cross-cultural universality of people's pursuit of positive self-esteem is frequently disputed. Most research in this area has contrasted cultures of dignity (Western) and face cultures (East Asian), but less attention has been given to other cultures' views of self-esteem. In the present work, we examined Pakistan as uniquely influenced by honour culture and South Asian argumentation culture principles, and we contrasted it with Canada (a Western culture of dignity). Across two studies, Pakistanis had less positive self-esteem discrepancies (i.e., Pakistanis had minimal or no desire for higher self-esteem) compared to Canadians (who desired much higher self-esteem than they actually had). Pakistanis also believed less in the agentic benefits of high self-esteem but more in the communal benefits of high self-esteem than did Canadians. Differences in each cultures' beliefs about self-esteem's causal powers partially accounted for the differences in self-esteem discrepancies. These findings suggest unique conceptualizations of the value of self-esteem in distinct cultures.

Previous studies revealed differences between men and women in value priorities. It has been asserted that men do inherently attribute more importance than women to power and achievement values. Our study brings a sociocultural lens into account employing gender ideology as a moderator of the gender differences in these values. Specifically, we hypothesized that internalization and endorsement of gender role ideology shape gender differences in power and achievement values. We focused on two components of gender ideology as moderators of the gender differences in values: primacy of the breadwinner role, and acceptance of male privilege. We used data from the World Values Survey wave six (89,565 participants from 60 countries). Results indicated that gender ideology moderated the relationship between gender and the endorsement of achievement and power values. Specifically, the relationship between gender and achievement was significantly moderated by acceptance of male privilege, but not of primacy of the breadwinner role. In addition, the association between gender and power was significantly moderated by primacy of the breadwinner role, but not by acceptance of male privilege. In other words, when participants endorse egalitarian gender ideologies, gender differences in power and achievement disappear or even reverse. We contrast previous perspectives assuming inherent gender differences in human values and argue that such differences are related to beliefs in gendered separate spheres.