Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2019.1556028
Margarete I. Bolten
SYNOPSIS Parental working is not unambiguously beneficial for children. On the one hand, working parents can be positive role models for their children, and income can improve children’s lives in many ways. On the other hand, work can impair parent-child interactions, especially when the parents experience high levels of working stress. In my commentary, I conclude that the paper by River, enjoys strong support for the impact of maternal state anxiety (attachment anxiety) and work-interfering-with-family (WIF)-conflict related guilt on parents behaviors. Considering the cognitive-relational stress-theory by Lazarus and Folkman, the balance of personal resources and external demands can explain parental stress, which could be associated with parental behavior. Full-time-working parents, who experience high levels of guilt and report high levels of attachment anxiety, are more prone to show low levels of stress resistance toward crying infants. However, these associations are not studied in families with high risk factors. Furthermore, future studies should include aspects of mental health status in a theoretical model. Taken together, the target article provides a solid foundation for further research. I also propose to transfer the findings into more realistic research setting, which includes high-risk groups (parents with low socioeconomic status, low-income, mental health problems) to study how infant cry can influence parents’ patterns of care and abuse. The commentary tries to enrich the study by including Fraiberg’s “ghosts in the nursery” to further integrating parental mentalizing processes in the model explaining parents’ reactions to infant cry signal in the context of WIF conflicts.
{"title":"Ghosts in the Nursery 2.0","authors":"Margarete I. Bolten","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2019.1556028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2019.1556028","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Parental working is not unambiguously beneficial for children. On the one hand, working parents can be positive role models for their children, and income can improve children’s lives in many ways. On the other hand, work can impair parent-child interactions, especially when the parents experience high levels of working stress. In my commentary, I conclude that the paper by River, enjoys strong support for the impact of maternal state anxiety (attachment anxiety) and work-interfering-with-family (WIF)-conflict related guilt on parents behaviors. Considering the cognitive-relational stress-theory by Lazarus and Folkman, the balance of personal resources and external demands can explain parental stress, which could be associated with parental behavior. Full-time-working parents, who experience high levels of guilt and report high levels of attachment anxiety, are more prone to show low levels of stress resistance toward crying infants. However, these associations are not studied in families with high risk factors. Furthermore, future studies should include aspects of mental health status in a theoretical model. Taken together, the target article provides a solid foundation for further research. I also propose to transfer the findings into more realistic research setting, which includes high-risk groups (parents with low socioeconomic status, low-income, mental health problems) to study how infant cry can influence parents’ patterns of care and abuse. The commentary tries to enrich the study by including Fraiberg’s “ghosts in the nursery” to further integrating parental mentalizing processes in the model explaining parents’ reactions to infant cry signal in the context of WIF conflicts.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"111 1","pages":"168 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79149492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2019.1555427
James A. Green
SYNOPSIS Zeifman et al. present a study of fathers’ and non-fathers’ caregiving in response to infant crying. The associations among testosterone, amount of crying, and parental status were evaluated in a laboratory paradigm using a realistic infant simulator. Although fathers did not show lower levels of testosterone, men who listened to greater amounts of crying showed significant increases in testosterone, and men who increased in testosterone had less optimal caregiving. Hormonal influences on parental behavior, which have been studied extensively in non-human animals, are now being explicated in humans. Zeifman et al. help advance this area of research.
{"title":"Guys and Dolls, and Testosterone","authors":"James A. Green","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2019.1555427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2019.1555427","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Zeifman et al. present a study of fathers’ and non-fathers’ caregiving in response to infant crying. The associations among testosterone, amount of crying, and parental status were evaluated in a laboratory paradigm using a realistic infant simulator. Although fathers did not show lower levels of testosterone, men who listened to greater amounts of crying showed significant increases in testosterone, and men who increased in testosterone had less optimal caregiving. Hormonal influences on parental behavior, which have been studied extensively in non-human animals, are now being explicated in humans. Zeifman et al. help advance this area of research.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"12 1","pages":"59 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79249048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2019.1556021
C. Hechler, R. Beijers, M. Riksen-Walraven, C. de Weerth
SYNOPSIS This study showed that prenatal quality of caregiving behavior toward a crying simulator infant predicted the postnatal quality of caregiving behavior of both mothers and fathers.
本研究表明，对啼哭模拟婴儿的产前护理行为质量预测了母亲和父亲的产后护理行为质量。
{"title":"Studying Quality of Caregiving Behavior: The Roles of Infant, Mother, Father, and Culture","authors":"C. Hechler, R. Beijers, M. Riksen-Walraven, C. de Weerth","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2019.1556021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2019.1556021","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS This study showed that prenatal quality of caregiving behavior toward a crying simulator infant predicted the postnatal quality of caregiving behavior of both mothers and fathers.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"56 1","pages":"133 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75883175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2019.1556027
V. P. Senese, A. Azhari, I. Cataldo
SYNOPSIS Does work-family conflict influence parental behaviors and parenting-related emotional states? Through an experimental research approach, River and colleagues showed that work-family conflict influences both emotions and parental behaviors, but the effect is moderated by the quality of the intimate relationship. In this commentary, we offer an interpretation of the results congruent with the recent theoretical approaches that stress the need for a multisystem psycho-biological approach to studying the factors that regulate parenting behaviors. In this perspective, we provide complementary explanations of the observed results and suggest possible future directions for research on these topics.
{"title":"A Multisystem Psycho-Biological Approach to the Understanding of Parental Dispositions","authors":"V. P. Senese, A. Azhari, I. Cataldo","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2019.1556027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2019.1556027","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Does work-family conflict influence parental behaviors and parenting-related emotional states? Through an experimental research approach, River and colleagues showed that work-family conflict influences both emotions and parental behaviors, but the effect is moderated by the quality of the intimate relationship. In this commentary, we offer an interpretation of the results congruent with the recent theoretical approaches that stress the need for a multisystem psycho-biological approach to studying the factors that regulate parenting behaviors. In this perspective, we provide complementary explanations of the observed results and suggest possible future directions for research on these topics.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"50 1","pages":"164 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85286236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2019.1556023
Laura M. River, J. Borelli, S. K. Nelson-Coffey
SYNOPSIS Objective. Working parents of young children often face work–family conflict, but little is known about the impact of this stressor on distress tolerance in the parenting role. We examined whether work–family conflict is associated with heightened work–family guilt and reduced infant distress tolerance, and we tested whether these effects are strongest among parents high in attachment anxiety. Design. In an experimental study of 233 parents of children ages 1–3 years, parents first reported their attachment anxiety, then were randomly assigned to read a vignette depicting a subtype of work–family conflict—work-interfering-with-family (WIF) conflict—or to an attention control condition. Finally, parents reported their feelings of WIF-guilt and completed an infant distress tolerance paradigm. Results. Attachment anxiety predicted greater WIF-guilt and less distress tolerance cry task persistence and moderated associations between experimental condition and outcomes: Parents with low attachment anxiety reported less WIF-guilt when primed with WIF-conflict than parents with average or high attachment anxiety, and parents with high attachment anxiety displayed less distress tolerance when primed compared to parents with low or average attachment anxiety. Conclusions. Working parents with low attachment anxiety may fare better emotionally in the face of WIF-conflict than their peers with higher attachment anxiety. High attachment anxiety may represent a risk factor for the negative effects of WIF-conflict on distress tolerance in response to infant crying. Future work should explore interventions to support working parents with high attachment anxiety.
{"title":"Tolerance of Infant Distress Among Working Parents: Examining the Roles of Attachment Anxiety and Work–Family Conflict","authors":"Laura M. River, J. Borelli, S. K. Nelson-Coffey","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2019.1556023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2019.1556023","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Objective. Working parents of young children often face work–family conflict, but little is known about the impact of this stressor on distress tolerance in the parenting role. We examined whether work–family conflict is associated with heightened work–family guilt and reduced infant distress tolerance, and we tested whether these effects are strongest among parents high in attachment anxiety. Design. In an experimental study of 233 parents of children ages 1–3 years, parents first reported their attachment anxiety, then were randomly assigned to read a vignette depicting a subtype of work–family conflict—work-interfering-with-family (WIF) conflict—or to an attention control condition. Finally, parents reported their feelings of WIF-guilt and completed an infant distress tolerance paradigm. Results. Attachment anxiety predicted greater WIF-guilt and less distress tolerance cry task persistence and moderated associations between experimental condition and outcomes: Parents with low attachment anxiety reported less WIF-guilt when primed with WIF-conflict than parents with average or high attachment anxiety, and parents with high attachment anxiety displayed less distress tolerance when primed compared to parents with low or average attachment anxiety. Conclusions. Working parents with low attachment anxiety may fare better emotionally in the face of WIF-conflict than their peers with higher attachment anxiety. High attachment anxiety may represent a risk factor for the negative effects of WIF-conflict on distress tolerance in response to infant crying. Future work should explore interventions to support working parents with high attachment anxiety.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"40 1","pages":"137 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77728030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2019.1556005
D. Zeifman, A. Baird
SYNOPSIS The authors comment on a paper reporting differences between mothers and non-mothers in neural responses to infant cries and other emotive sounds while engaging in self- or goal-oriented tasks. The value of examining deactivation of the default mode network (DMN) as a means of understanding differential attention patterns in both typical and atypical populations is discussed, as is the generalizability of the experimental paradigm to ecologically relevant contexts. The role of an individual’s age, parental status, and experience in shaping responses to infant crying is considered, and future avenues of research are suggested. An argument is made for coupling neuroimaging techniques with behavioral assays to better understand the determinants of maternal behavior.
{"title":"A Glimpse into the Minds of Mothers: The Default Mode Network and Responsiveness to Infant Cries","authors":"D. Zeifman, A. Baird","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2019.1556005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2019.1556005","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS The authors comment on a paper reporting differences between mothers and non-mothers in neural responses to infant cries and other emotive sounds while engaging in self- or goal-oriented tasks. The value of examining deactivation of the default mode network (DMN) as a means of understanding differential attention patterns in both typical and atypical populations is discussed, as is the generalizability of the experimental paradigm to ecologically relevant contexts. The role of an individual’s age, parental status, and experience in shaping responses to infant crying is considered, and future avenues of research are suggested. An argument is made for coupling neuroimaging techniques with behavioral assays to better understand the determinants of maternal behavior.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"217 1","pages":"90 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75031835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2019.1556013
Hung-Chu Lin, J. B. Bisson, Sarah M. Sanborn
SYNOPSIS Hechler et al.’s (2019) utilization of a simulation paradigm to predict postnatal caregiving quality is worth celebrating. Instead of using subjective self-report measures, the authors objectively observed behaviors that potentially mapped onto real-life processes. As well, they considered for regulatory processes and included fathers into the picture of early caregiving. To enhance the prediction of caregiving simulation paradigms, we advocate for paradigms that are interactive in nature and address the unique roles of the infant, the mother, and the father. Effective paradigms afford context-specific conclusions that sufficiently address the dynamic qualities of iterative interactions between the infant and parents.
{"title":"And Baby Makes Three: Kindling the Reciprocal and Dynamic Processes of Caregiving","authors":"Hung-Chu Lin, J. B. Bisson, Sarah M. Sanborn","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2019.1556013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2019.1556013","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Hechler et al.’s (2019) utilization of a simulation paradigm to predict postnatal caregiving quality is worth celebrating. Instead of using subjective self-report measures, the authors objectively observed behaviors that potentially mapped onto real-life processes. As well, they considered for regulatory processes and included fathers into the picture of early caregiving. To enhance the prediction of caregiving simulation paradigms, we advocate for paradigms that are interactive in nature and address the unique roles of the infant, the mother, and the father. Effective paradigms afford context-specific conclusions that sufficiently address the dynamic qualities of iterative interactions between the infant and parents.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"244 2","pages":"120 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15295192.2019.1556013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72434517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2019.1555416
D. Hiraoka, Mami Miyasaka, M. Nomura
SYNOPSIS Objective: Infant cry, a major stressor for caregivers, is one of the leading triggers of child abuse. The present study examined the effects of spousal support, spousal presence, and the possible moderating effect of attachment insecurity on individuals’ subjective and physiological responses to infant cry. Design: Thirty-one healthy mothers (M age = 36 years) and their spouses participated in an infant crying paradigm, where mothers were tasked to listen to infant cries under three conditions: (1) alone, (2) in the same room as partner, without physical contact, and (3) in the same room as partner, with hand-holding. Attachment was determined using the Experiences in Close Relationship Questionnaire, and physiological response was ascertained from concentration of salivary α-amylase (sAA). After each cry sound, sAA level and subjective responses to infant cry were assessed. Results: Multilevel regression analyses revealed that trait attachment-anxiety moderated the effect of spousal presence on sAA. Specifically, mothers with high attachment-anxiety showed reduced sAA when their spouse was present, which indicates that spousal support is effective for mothers with high attachment-anxiety. Conclusions: Findings from this study translate to promising clinical applications for the management of parenting stress from infant cry.
{"title":"Spousal Presence Modulates Salivary α-Amylase Responses to Infant Cry in Mothers With High Attachment Insecurity","authors":"D. Hiraoka, Mami Miyasaka, M. Nomura","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2019.1555416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2019.1555416","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Objective: Infant cry, a major stressor for caregivers, is one of the leading triggers of child abuse. The present study examined the effects of spousal support, spousal presence, and the possible moderating effect of attachment insecurity on individuals’ subjective and physiological responses to infant cry. Design: Thirty-one healthy mothers (M age = 36 years) and their spouses participated in an infant crying paradigm, where mothers were tasked to listen to infant cries under three conditions: (1) alone, (2) in the same room as partner, without physical contact, and (3) in the same room as partner, with hand-holding. Attachment was determined using the Experiences in Close Relationship Questionnaire, and physiological response was ascertained from concentration of salivary α-amylase (sAA). After each cry sound, sAA level and subjective responses to infant cry were assessed. Results: Multilevel regression analyses revealed that trait attachment-anxiety moderated the effect of spousal presence on sAA. Specifically, mothers with high attachment-anxiety showed reduced sAA when their spouse was present, which indicates that spousal support is effective for mothers with high attachment-anxiety. Conclusions: Findings from this study translate to promising clinical applications for the management of parenting stress from infant cry.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"33 1","pages":"21 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90581566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2019.1555424
D. Hiraoka, Mami Miyasaka, M. Nomura
SYNOPSIS Infant crying is one of the parenting stressors, and our research suggests that the presence of spouse has a stress relieving effect in mothers with high attachment anxiety. Its mechanism is, however, still unclear. Here we will discuss the possible mechanism again corresponding to the commentaries. First, we briefly review the difficulties that individuals with high attachment insecurity face in parenting situation and discuss the possible cause why spousal presence smooth out the difficulties focusing on the role of oxytocin. Second, we point out potential issues in parenting research which presuppose the linear relationship between parental physiological or neural response, and parenting behavior. Finally, we discuss the future parenting research such as children with developmental disability or fathers that has gained less attention in previous research.
{"title":"A Possible Mechanism of Stress-Relieving Effects of Spousal Presence and Implications for Future Infant Cry Research","authors":"D. Hiraoka, Mami Miyasaka, M. Nomura","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2019.1555424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2019.1555424","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Infant crying is one of the parenting stressors, and our research suggests that the presence of spouse has a stress relieving effect in mothers with high attachment anxiety. Its mechanism is, however, still unclear. Here we will discuss the possible mechanism again corresponding to the commentaries. First, we briefly review the difficulties that individuals with high attachment insecurity face in parenting situation and discuss the possible cause why spousal presence smooth out the difficulties focusing on the role of oxytocin. Second, we point out potential issues in parenting research which presuppose the linear relationship between parental physiological or neural response, and parenting behavior. Finally, we discuss the future parenting research such as children with developmental disability or fathers that has gained less attention in previous research.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"38 1","pages":"34 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79071496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2019.1556024
J. Parish-Morris
SYNOPSIS It is natural to feel upset when two sets of responsibilities clash, and it is important to identify characteristics that predict parenting behaviors in the context of work-family conflict. Here, I examine the other side of the coin, reviewing inborn features of infants that likely impact parents’ feelings and behaviors. Some infants are less socially responsive, more reactive, and harder to soothe than others, contributing to increased parental stress that might be exacerbated by work-family conflict. I further argue that shared genetics and socio-cultural context account for additional variance in the dynamic interplay between parents and infants.
{"title":"It Takes Two to Tango: Multi-Directional, Dynamic Influences on Parenting Behavior","authors":"J. Parish-Morris","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2019.1556024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2019.1556024","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS It is natural to feel upset when two sets of responsibilities clash, and it is important to identify characteristics that predict parenting behaviors in the context of work-family conflict. Here, I examine the other side of the coin, reviewing inborn features of infants that likely impact parents’ feelings and behaviors. Some infants are less socially responsive, more reactive, and harder to soothe than others, contributing to increased parental stress that might be exacerbated by work-family conflict. I further argue that shared genetics and socio-cultural context account for additional variance in the dynamic interplay between parents and infants.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"11 1","pages":"160 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81149295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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