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The Discourse-cognition-society Triangle of Homelessness: A Critical Discourse Study 无家可归者的话语-认知-社会三角:一个批判性话语研究
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2022.2058603
Allison Roberts, J. Steinkopf
ABSTRACT We use the sociocognitive approach of critical discourse studies to examine the media’s discourse on homelessness in Portland, Oregon in the United States. Using the discourse-cognition-society triangle of critical discourse studies we find that the discursive and semiotic structures largely advance an us-versus-them discourse and personal choice. These discourses build upon cognitive structures that include reference to the ideologies of hard work and personal responsibility, which are fundamental ideologies in the United States. The need for collective action is recognized but is muted. These discourses and cognitions interact with and inform social and political efforts by advancing solutions which rely upon non-profits rather than government intervention, for government intervention is portrayed as inefficient. This belief in the limited role of government is a primary ideology in the United States. Contributions of this study include demonstrating how the central ideologies of a nation influence local understandings of homelessness.
摘要:本文运用批判话语研究的社会认知方法,对美国俄勒冈州波特兰市关于无家可归者的媒体话语进行了研究。运用批评话语研究的话语-认知-社会三角,我们发现话语和符号学结构在很大程度上推动了一种“我们对他们”的话语和个人选择。这些话语建立在认知结构之上,包括对努力工作和个人责任意识形态的参考,这是美国的基本意识形态。人们认识到集体行动的必要性,但没有发出声音。这些话语和认知通过推动依赖于非营利组织而不是政府干预的解决方案,与社会和政治努力相互作用并为其提供信息,因为政府干预被描述为效率低下。相信政府的作用有限是美国的主要意识形态。这项研究的贡献包括展示了一个国家的中心意识形态如何影响当地对无家可归的理解。
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引用次数: 0
On the Inadequacy of Economics for Understanding Housing Markets – A Pragmatic Response 关于经济学对理解房地产市场的不足——一个务实的回应
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2021.2022751
Viggo Nordvik, Kristin Aarland
ABSTRACT The focus article of this issue of the journal argues for the need to use tools and concepts from many disciplines of social science when analysing real-world housing market. Lux and Sunega argue that analyses relying only on the toolbox of mainstream economics fail to capture important aspects of the working of the markets, we agree. However, part of the critique of mainstream economics is based on a caricature of economics. In order to arrive at a new pragmatic socio-economics of housing markets, we see it as crucial to arrive at explicit, concise and shared interpretations of core concepts, e.g. the concept of norms is often used differently in different disciplines. Two of the lines of future housing market research proposed by Lux and Sunega that we regard as particular promising is design of surveys capturing variation in expectations, preferences and risk attitudes and use of (stochastic) agent-based models.
本期杂志的重点文章认为,在分析现实世界的住房市场时,需要使用来自社会科学许多学科的工具和概念。勒克斯和苏内加认为,仅依靠主流经济学工具箱的分析无法捕捉市场运作的重要方面,我们同意这一点。然而,对主流经济学的部分批评是基于对经济学的讽刺。为了达到一个新的实用主义的住房市场社会经济学,我们认为对核心概念进行明确、简洁和共同的解释是至关重要的,例如,规范的概念通常在不同的学科中使用不同的方法。Lux和Sunega提出的未来住房市场研究的两条路线,我们认为特别有前途的是设计调查,捕捉期望、偏好和风险态度的变化,以及使用(随机)基于代理的模型。
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引用次数: 0
Bridging Economics and Sociology: Responses to a Critique of Pragmatic Socioeconomics 衔接经济学和社会学:对实用主义社会经济学批判的回应
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2021.2022753
Martin Lux, Petr Sunega
ABSTRACT In our Focus article we introduced pragmatic socioeconomics, a methodological and theoretical approach that we believe may create a more solid interdisciplinary bridge between sociology and mainstream economics. This paper reacts on the critical review of our approach by six academics recognised in the field. We devoted the most space to those comments that uncovered the blank spots in our approach or areas that we had poorly addressed. We better defined the position of pragmatic socioeconomic towards ‘grand naratives’, traditional economics, economic sociology or new institutional economics. Our new program certainly has a long road ahead of it before it can prove its value. Along the way it will have to deal with both unfair accusations and justified criticisms highlighting areas where it is theoretically and methodologically unclear – just as we have tried to deal with these criticisms in this paper. Whatever its future is, we hope that this paper is opening up an important interdisciplinary discussion much needed in housing studies.
在我们的焦点文章中,我们介绍了实用主义社会经济学,我们认为这是一种方法论和理论方法,可以在社会学和主流经济学之间建立更坚实的跨学科桥梁。本文对六位在该领域得到认可的学者对我们方法的批判性评论做出了回应。我们将大部分的空间用于那些发现我们方法中的空白点或我们处理得不好的领域的评论。我们更好地定义了实用主义社会经济学对“大叙事”、传统经济学、经济社会学或新制度经济学的立场。在证明它的价值之前,我们的新项目当然还有很长的路要走。在此过程中,它将不得不处理不公平的指控和合理的批评,这些批评突出了它在理论和方法上不明确的领域——正如我们在本文中试图处理这些批评一样。无论它的未来是什么,我们希望这篇论文能够开启一个重要的跨学科讨论,这是住房研究中非常需要的。
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引用次数: 0
Bridging Economics and Sociology in Housing Research 住房研究中经济学与社会学的衔接
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2022.2019953
Hannu Ruonavaara
It is quite well-known that economics and sociology as disciplines have a somewhat strained relationship. Both disciplines have (some of) their roots in the 18 century Political Economy (Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson and others) but from very early on the two disciplines started to develop quite different perspectives to social life. The most self-consciously sociologist of the founders of sociology, Émile Durkheim, was rather dismissive of the utilitarian and individualist view of the human actor that he found in the works of the economists of the time. He saw the search for individual gain as one side of the human being whereas solidarity with others was the other side – the one that constituted a functioning society. The difference between economics and sociology has often been summarized by a simple juxtaposition: economics explains behaviour by reference to people’s rational pursuit of their interests whereas sociology explains it by reference to people’s adherence to, or breaking of, the social norms of the community or society. While there is some truth in this formulation, it is nevertheless a quite coarse simplification hiding variety of perspectives within the disciplines. Apart from the difference between the strategy of explanation, the two disciplines have developed quite different methodological orientations: mainstream economics makes and tests formalized mathematical models, whereas sociology uses a variety of, often less formalized, quantitative and qualitative research techniques. There have been several attempts to bridge the gap between these two cultures of inquiry. In sociology, the special field of economic sociology has incorporated insights from economics to sociological analysis of economic phenomena. In economics, behavioural and institutional economics have been influenced by ideas coming from sociology. There have also been some attempts to combine what are considered the best insights from both disciplines into an approach that is strictly neither economics, nor sociology. In this Focus article issue of Housing, Theory and Society, we meet one such attempt tailored to the investigation of a carefully limited range of housing issues – but mutatis mutandis relevant to many others. Martin Lux and Petr Sunega are experienced housing researchers. Their Focus article Pragmatic socioeconomics: A way towards new findings on sources of (housing) market instability has grown out of their 10 years’ experience of doing research on the impact of social norms on home-buying behaviour and the housing market consequences of that behaviour in the Czech Republic. The Focus article is a programmatic one proposing us a new approach for investigation housing choice and its impacts on markets. HTS has invited six comments on the Lux and Sunega’s Focus article from eight distinguished housing scholars representing economics and sociology (or both). The comments by Atkinson and Jacobs, Clapham, Dewilde, Norvik and Aarland, Nygaard HOUSING, THEO
众所周知,经济学和社会学作为学科的关系有些紧张。这两门学科(部分)都源于18世纪的政治经济学(亚当•斯密、亚当•弗格森等人),但从很早开始,这两门学科就开始发展出截然不同的社会生活视角。社会学创始人中最自觉的社会学家Émile迪尔凯姆,对他在当时经济学家的著作中发现的关于人类行动者的功利主义和个人主义观点相当不屑一顾。他认为追求个人利益是人类的一面,而与他人团结一致是人类的另一面,这是构成一个正常运转的社会的一面。经济学和社会学之间的区别常常被简单地并列起来概括:经济学通过人们对自身利益的理性追求来解释行为,而社会学通过人们遵守或打破社区或社会的社会规范来解释行为。虽然这种表述有一定的道理,但它仍然是一种相当粗糙的简化,隐藏了学科内部的各种观点。除了解释策略之间的差异之外,这两个学科已经发展出了截然不同的方法论取向:主流经济学制作和测试形式化的数学模型,而社会学使用各种各样的、往往不那么形式化的定量和定性研究技术。人们曾多次尝试弥合这两种探究文化之间的鸿沟。在社会学中,经济社会学这一特殊领域将经济学的见解融入到对经济现象的社会学分析中。在经济学中,行为经济学和制度经济学受到社会学思想的影响。也有一些人试图将这两个学科的最佳见解结合起来,形成一种严格意义上既不是经济学也不是社会学的方法。在这期《住房、理论与社会》的焦点文章中,我们遇到了一个这样的尝试,它是为调查一系列精心设计的住房问题而量身定制的,但经过必要的修改,它与许多其他问题相关。Martin Lux和peter Sunega是经验丰富的住房研究人员。他们的焦点文章《实用主义社会经济学:通往(住房)市场不稳定来源的新发现之路》源于他们在捷克共和国对社会规范对购房行为的影响以及这种行为对住房市场的影响进行了10年的研究。《焦点》的文章是一篇程序性的文章,为我们提供了一种调查住房选择及其对市场影响的新方法。HTS邀请了8位代表经济学和社会学(或两者)的杰出住房学者对Lux和Sunega的Focus文章发表评论。阿特金森和雅各布斯、克拉彭、德怀尔德、诺维克和阿兰德的评论,《理论与社会》,2022年,第39卷,第1期。2,127 - 128 https://doi.org/10.1080/14036096.2022.2019953
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引用次数: 0
On “Pragmatic Socioeconomics” and the Architecture of the Rational Decision Making Framework 论“语用社会经济学”与理性决策框架的构建
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2021.2022752
C. Nygaard
ABSTRACT “Pragmatic socioeconomics” seeks to provide a more solid interdisciplinary bridge between economics and sociology, by pragmatically setting aside incompatibles. Its key point, that social norms condition resource allocations also in housing markets, is important and matters for our analysis of affordability and financial and macroeconomic stability. It also extends to the role of housing in transitioning to socially and environmentally sustainable urban futures. However, there are also aspects of “pragmatic socioeconomics” that become entangled in conceptual fault lines between sociology and neoclassical economics and also within economics itself. Drawing on institutional economics (old and new), this commentary focuses on the upwards and downwards reconstituting effects of norms and institutions in decision-making and its implications for “pragmatic socioeconomics”. A second and shorter commentary relates to discussion of price elasticities (demand, income and supply). Both these, in turn, relate to the effect of norms and institutions on housing markets.
“实用社会经济学”旨在通过务实地搁置不相容的东西,为经济学和社会学之间提供一个更加坚实的跨学科桥梁。它的关键观点是,社会规范也会影响住房市场的资源配置,这一点很重要,对我们分析负担能力、金融和宏观经济稳定性都很重要。它还延伸到住房在向社会和环境可持续的城市未来过渡中的作用。然而,“实用主义社会经济学”也有一些方面纠缠于社会学和新古典经济学之间以及经济学本身的概念断层线中。借鉴制度经济学(旧的和新的),这篇评论着重于规范和制度在决策中的向上和向下重构效应及其对“实用主义社会经济学”的影响。第二个简短的评论与价格弹性(需求、收入和供给)的讨论有关。这两个问题反过来又与规范和制度对房地产市场的影响有关。
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引用次数: 0
Pragmatic Socio-economics: A Way Forward? 务实的社会经济学:前进的道路?
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2021.2022747
D. Clapham
ABSTRACT This commentary examines the concept of “pragmatic socio-economics” and argues that it is unlikely to offer a major breakthrough in the search for a holistic approach to the study of housing. Although the authors outline the serious barriers to the integration of sociological insights into neo-classical economics, they seek to avoid these through the adoption of concepts, such as that of social norms, that could be acceptable to economists. The result does not challenge some of the fundamental assumptions of neo-classical economics that need to be amended if meaningful integration with sociology is to be achieved.
这篇评论考察了“实用主义社会经济学”的概念,并认为它不太可能在寻找住房研究的整体方法方面提供重大突破。尽管作者概述了将社会学见解整合到新古典经济学中的严重障碍,但他们试图通过采用经济学家可以接受的概念(如社会规范)来避免这些障碍。结果并没有挑战新古典经济学的一些基本假设,如果要实现与社会学的有意义的整合,这些假设需要修正。
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引用次数: 0
Comments on “Pragmatic Socioeconomics: A Way Towards New Findings on Sources of (Housing) Market Instability” 评《务实的社会经济学:(住房)市场不稳定根源的新发现》
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2021.2022750
Elias Oikarinen
ABSTRACT The article aims to create a more solid interdisciplinary bridge between sociology and mainstream economics in the study of economic behaviour, especially in terms of the housing market. This is an important aim: It would indeed be valuable to combine insights from both disciplines to find mutually benefiting synergies. The aim also is challenging, and I find the merit of this article to be in raising such discussion and providing an attempt to offer insights from sociological housing research on the understanding of housing price dynamics and thus on housing economics. Unfortunately, there are several notable complications is the article’s discussion and analysis, due to which I do not think the aim of the article is reached. In any matter, I encourage the authors as well as other sociologists and housing economists to continue this debate.
摘要本文旨在在社会学和主流经济学之间建立一座更坚实的跨学科桥梁,以研究经济行为,尤其是住房市场方面的经济行为。这是一个重要的目标:将两个学科的见解结合起来,找到互利的协同作用,确实很有价值。这一目标也是具有挑战性的,我发现这篇文章的优点在于提出这样的讨论,并试图从社会学住房研究中提供对房价动态的理解,从而对住房经济学的见解。不幸的是,文章的讨论和分析有几个显著的复杂性,因此我认为文章的目的没有达到。无论如何,我鼓励作者以及其他社会学家和住房经济学家继续这场辩论。
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引用次数: 0
Too Pragmatic? A Commentary from Sociology on Lux and Sunega’s Plea for ‘Pragmatic Socio-Economics’ 太务实?从社会学的角度评论勒克斯和苏内加对“实用主义社会经济学”的诉求
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2021.2022749
Caroline Dewilde
ABSTRACT In this commentary from sociology, I argue that whilst Lux and Sunega’s (2022) plea for “pragmatic socio-economics” is an interesting starting point towards a more interdisciplinary study of issues related to housing market inefficiencies, it makes theoretical sense to strife towards a more ambitious integration of sociology and economics. Contrary to universally applicable emotional, cognitive or even physiological mechanisms, social norms are intricately interwoven with the institutional context in which different social groups enact them. Though “universal” social norms historically lie at the basis of variegated institutional arrangements, the latter over time develop in ways reflective of initial and evolving power relationships. Analyses of recursive relationships between institutions and social norms ideally include issues of power. I illustrate the potential of such a more integrated approach by presenting a “case” from the politics of welfare and labour market reform.
摘要在这篇来自社会学的评论中,我认为,虽然Lux和Sunega(2022)对“务实的社会经济学”的呼吁是对住房市场低效相关问题进行更跨学科研究的一个有趣的起点,但在理论上,将社会学和经济学进行更雄心勃勃的整合是有意义的。与普遍适用的情感、认知甚至生理机制相反,社会规范与不同社会群体制定这些规范的制度背景错综复杂地交织在一起。尽管“普遍”的社会规范在历史上建立在多样化的制度安排的基础上,但随着时间的推移,后者以反映最初和不断演变的权力关系的方式发展。对制度和社会规范之间递归关系的分析理想地包括权力问题。我通过介绍福利和劳动力市场改革政治的“案例”来说明这种更综合的方法的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Pragmatic Socioeconomics: A Way Towards New Findings on Sources of (Housing) Market Instability 实用主义社会经济学:通往(住房)市场不稳定来源的新发现之路
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2020.1853226
Martin Lux, Petr Sunega
ABSTRACT In this paper, we aim to define basic principles of pragmatic socioeconomics that may create a more solid interdisciplinary bridge between sociology and mainstream economics in the study of economic behaviour. The merit of this new concept demonstrates itself in the results of our research on the impact of social norms on home-buying behaviour and the consequences that such behaviour has for the operation of the housing market and housing price trends. That research demonstrates that interdisciplinary economic sociology may significantly enrich contemporary knowledge about housing price volatility – a phenomenon which increasingly determines social and economic stability in the world. Middle-range interdisciplinary research following the concept of pragmatic socioeconomics introduced in this paper is not limited to housing issues and may help fill in gaps in our knowledge of how markets operate in general.
在本文中,我们旨在定义实用主义社会经济学的基本原则,这些原则可能会在经济行为研究中社会学和主流经济学之间建立一个更坚实的跨学科桥梁。这个新概念的优点体现在我们对社会规范对购房行为的影响以及这种行为对住房市场运作和房价趋势的影响的研究结果中。这项研究表明,跨学科的经济社会学可以显著丰富当代关于房价波动的知识,而房价波动越来越多地决定着世界社会和经济的稳定。本文中引入的实用主义社会经济学概念的中程跨学科研究不仅限于住房问题,而且可能有助于填补我们对市场如何运作的一般知识的空白。
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引用次数: 3
Housing, Inequality and Sociology: A Comment on Pragmatic Socioeconomics 住房、不平等与社会学——兼评语用社会经济学
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2021.2022748
R. Atkinson, K. Jacobs
ABSTRACT In this brief article, we reflect on the contribution of Martin Lux and Petr Sunega to the role of sociology in the domain of housing economics. Applauding the attempt at injecting a more sociologically informed housing economics, we draw attention to the continuous need to guard against over-abstraction and to ensure that housing’s role as a major source of material inequality in many societies must be fully recognized.
在这篇简短的文章中,我们反思了马丁·勒克斯和彼得·苏内加对社会学在住房经济学领域中的作用的贡献。我们赞扬注入一种更了解社会学的住房经济学的尝试,并提请注意继续需要防止过度抽象,并确保必须充分认识到住房作为许多社会中物质不平等的主要来源的作用。
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引用次数: 4
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Housing Theory & Society
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