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Does Sharing with Neighbours Work? Accounts of Success and Failure from Two German Housing Experimentations 与邻居分享有用吗?德国两次住房试验的成功与失败
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-02-13 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2022.2039286
A. Huber
ABSTRACT This paper analyses the normalization of everyday sharing practices in two exemplary German neighbourhoods, which both provide numerous opportunities for sharing spaces, stuff, food and mobility carriers, but differ regarding their “philosophy”. The first case belongs to the increasingly popular “collaborative housing” model, the second one is a developer-driven, service-based project. Inspired by core ideas from Social Practice Theory, the guiding questions of this research are then 1) to which extent have sharing practices become a normal part of residents’ lives in these neighbourhoods and 2) what may explain observed differences? Evidence shows that residents in the collaborative housing case share more frequently, more regularly and over longer timespans than their counterparts in the developer-driven neighbourhood. I argue that this is due to a higher share of fitting practice configurations and a better integration of sharing practices into tenants’ typical patterns of everyday life.
本文分析了两个典型的德国社区的日常共享行为的常态化,这两个社区都提供了许多共享空间、物品、食物和交通工具的机会,但它们的“哲学”不同。第一个案例属于日益流行的“协同住宅”模式,第二个案例是开发商驱动的服务型项目。受社会实践理论核心思想的启发,本研究的指导问题是:1)在何种程度上,共享实践已成为这些社区居民生活的正常组成部分;2)如何解释观察到的差异?有证据表明,与开发商驱动的社区相比,合作住房案例中的居民共享的频率更高,更有规律,时间跨度更长。我认为这是由于更合适的实践配置和更好地将共享实践整合到租户的典型日常生活模式中。
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引用次数: 1
Olympic Villages as Heterotopias: Contradictions between Megaevents and Quotidian Urban Life 作为异托邦的奥运村:大型赛事与日常城市生活之间的矛盾
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-04 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2021.1992497
Renata Latuf de Oliveira Sanchez, D. Koch, L. Medrano
ABSTRACT As a showcase for ideal urban visions, Olympic Villages encompass the utopian disposition of the Olympic Games. More precisely, Olympic Villages could be understood as a heterotopia, a theorization that stems from an analysis of their historical, conceptual, and spatial evolution over the course of the Summer Olympic Games. Against this backdrop, we analysed some notable examples of Olympic Villages as we questioned the relationship between their proposed “legacies” and their subsequent integration in the urban realities of their host cities. We conclude that most Olympic Villages have not fulfiled their legacy role as proposed by the IOC. This suggests that we need to further explore the relationship between the host region’s urban development and the Olympic Games so that the desired “Olympic legacy” may become part of the daily life of the host cities.
摘要奥运村作为理想城市愿景的展示地,蕴含着奥运会的乌托邦气质。更准确地说,奥运村可以被理解为一个异托邦,这一理论源于对其在夏季奥运会期间的历史、概念和空间演变的分析。在这种背景下,我们分析了奥运村的一些著名例子,并质疑其拟议的“遗产”与随后融入主办城市城市现实之间的关系。我们得出的结论是,大多数奥运村并没有像国际奥委会所建议的那样发挥其遗产作用。这表明,我们需要进一步探索主办地区的城市发展与奥运会之间的关系,使所期望的“奥运遗产”成为主办城市日常生活的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
State-Led Actions Reigniting the Financialization of Housing in Spain 国家主导的行动重新点燃西班牙住房金融化
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2021.2013316
Javier Gil García, Miguel A. Martínez López
ABSTRACT Since the 2008 economic recession, state intervention in the real estate sector has strengthened. This article explains how housing financialization was reignited in Spain following key policy reforms in 2013. We argue that Spanish authorities managed to strategically recreate a finance-friendly environment to attract global investors. They combined financial policies, other deregulatory reforms and neoliberal measures in a coordinated manner we call a policy package. Our analysis provides evidence of the legal and political arrangements at various state levels that effectively facilitated the reanimation of a new cycle of housing financialization which caused rising inflation in prices and distress in tenants’ rights. This approach contributes to the understanding of how state-led actions foster a spatial fix to overcome financial crises by granting global speculative funds extraordinary benefits. In addition, we show how this process occurred with poor democratic accountability and was also confronted by various forms of social contestation.
自2008年经济衰退以来,国家对房地产行业的干预有所加强。这篇文章解释了在2013年的关键政策改革之后,住房金融化是如何在西班牙重新点燃的。我们认为,西班牙当局成功地在战略上重建了一个对金融友好的环境,以吸引全球投资者。他们以一种协调的方式将金融政策、其他放松管制的改革和新自由主义措施结合起来,我们称之为一揽子政策。我们的分析提供了各州法律和政治安排的证据,这些安排有效地促进了住房金融化新周期的复苏,这导致了价格通胀的上升和租户权利的困扰。这种方法有助于理解国家主导的行动如何通过给予全球投机基金非同寻常的利益来促进克服金融危机的空间修复。此外,我们还展示了这一进程是如何在民主问责制薄弱的情况下发生的,并且还面临着各种形式的社会争论。
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引用次数: 14
Discipline and Inclusively Repress: The Hybrid Governance of Housing First Tenants 纪律与包容性压制:住房优先租户的混合治理
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2021.2012251
Garrett L. Grainger
ABSTRACT Housing First is a popular model of homeless services that has transformed urban governance across the globe. Scholars have praised Housing First as voluntary care or criticized it as a disciplinary intervention. Both perspectives offer a partial account of Housing First case management. I extend those studies with interview-based research that conceptualizes U.S. Housing First as a hybrid form of homeless governance that exercises control through discipline and inclusive repression. Government authorities contract Housing First providers to reduce public expenditures by rehousing chronically homeless people. Case managers make disciplinary interventions until tenants are confronted with an eviction. At that point, service providers use inclusionary repression to sustain market exchanges by selectively disenfranchising tenants and rendering them pliable to disciplinary interventions in the future. This paper advances homeless scholarship by showing how, as a publicly subsidized property management service, U.S. Housing First buttresses urban housing markets through hybrid governance.
摘要住房优先是一种流行的无家可归者服务模式,它改变了全球的城市治理。学者们称赞“住房优先”是一种自愿护理,或批评它是一种纪律干预。这两种观点都提供了对住房优先案件管理的部分描述。我通过基于访谈的研究扩展了这些研究,该研究将美国住房优先概念化为一种通过纪律和包容性镇压来控制无家可归者的混合治理形式。政府当局与住房优先提供者签订合同,通过安置长期无家可归的人来减少公共支出。案件管理人员会进行纪律干预,直到租户面临驱逐。在这一点上,服务提供商利用包容性压制来维持市场交易,有选择地剥夺租户的权利,并使他们在未来能够接受纪律干预。本文展示了作为一项公共补贴的物业管理服务,美国住房第一协会如何通过混合治理来支持城市住房市场,从而推动了无家可归者的学术研究。
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引用次数: 2
Homeism: Naming the Stigmatization and Discrimination of Persons Experiencing Homelessness Homeism:对无家可归者的污名化和歧视
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2021.2014558
S. Canham, Piper Moore, Karen Custodio, Harvey Bosma
ABSTRACT We examined stigmatization and discrimination experienced during the process of hospital discharge by people with lived experience of homelessness (PWLEs). We propose the term “homeism” as the discrimination (behaviour) towards an individual who is homeless; this form of discrimination is the result of negative stereotypes (stigmas) towards individuals who are experiencing homelessness. Based on a qualitative secondary data analysis of interviews with 20 shelter/housing and healthcare providers and 20 PWLEs, we identified four categories related to homeism: 1) who stigmatizes PWLEs and where stigmatization and discrimination occur, 2) reasons why PWLEs experience stigmatization and discrimination, 3) outcomes of stigmatization and discrimination, and 4) recommendations to reduce or eliminate stigma and discrimination. We propose a conceptual model that depicts the processes of homeism, including precursors, experiences, and outcomes. By naming homeism, we aim to instigate housing activism and future scholarship on this phenomenon to be pursued alongside interventions aimed at eliminating homeism.
摘要:我们研究了无家可归者(PWLEs)在出院过程中所经历的污名化和歧视。我们建议“家主义”一词指的是对无家可归者的歧视(行为);这种形式的歧视是对无家可归者的负面刻板印象(污名)的结果。基于对20个庇护所/住房和医疗服务提供者以及20个残疾妇女的访谈的定性二次数据分析,我们确定了与回家主义相关的四个类别:1)谁对残疾妇女进行污名化以及在哪里发生污名化和歧视;2)残疾妇女遭受污名化和歧视的原因;3)污名化和歧视的结果;4)减少或消除污名化和歧视的建议。我们提出了一个概念模型来描述homeism的过程,包括前体、经验和结果。通过命名homeism,我们的目标是激发住房行动主义和未来关于这一现象的学术研究,与旨在消除homeism的干预措施一起进行。
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引用次数: 4
Bringing the Concept of Property as a Social Function into the Housing Debate: The Case of Portugal 将财产作为一种社会功能的概念引入住房辩论:以葡萄牙为例
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2021.1998218
A. Santos, R. Ribeiro
ABSTRACT The article discusses Léon Duguit’s concept of property as a social function. It shows the concept is gaining renewed worldwide interest in property theory and in wider public discussions on the current housing crisis. It examines the use of the concept in the political debates that accompanied the drafting of the first Housing Basic Law in Portugal in 2019. It analyses the various positions of interested groups, the parliamentary debate involving the elected parties and the Housing Basic Law itself. It shows that the political discussions replicate the opposition between property as a social function and the dominant modern liberal concept that perceives property as almost an absolute right. It also shows that the incorporation of the notion of social function in the Housing Basic Law has advanced a more balanced relation between the rights-obligations nexus of property that challenges the way property ownership is understood in the country.
本文论述了Léon Duguit关于财产作为社会功能的概念。这表明,这一概念在房地产理论和关于当前住房危机的更广泛的公众讨论中重新引起了全世界的兴趣。它考察了这一概念在2019年葡萄牙起草第一部《住房基本法》时的政治辩论中的使用情况。它分析了有关团体的各种立场、涉及民选政党的议会辩论以及《住房基本法》本身。这表明,政治讨论复制了财产作为一种社会功能与占主导地位的现代自由主义概念之间的对立,后者认为财产几乎是一种绝对权利。它还表明,将社会功能概念纳入《住房基本法》,促进了财产权利义务关系之间更加平衡的关系,这对该国理解财产所有权的方式提出了挑战。
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引用次数: 1
Beyond Affordability: English Cohousing Communities as White Middle-Class Spaces 超越负担能力:作为白人中产阶级空间的英国共同居住社区
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-10-29 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2021.1998217
Yael Arbell
ABSTRACT Cohousing is widely celebrated as a socially and environmentally sustainable housing model, but remains a small sector with a distinct social profile: White, highly educated and with middle-high income. Drawing on mixed-methods research and using a Bourdieusian analysis, this paper argues that culture, and not affordability, is the main barrier to inclusion. Contrary to previous claims, the study found that awareness of cohousing is born within like-minded circles and not locally. The quantitative aspect provides up-to-date data on the social profile of cohousing communities in England, and the qualitative data show how cohousing is reproduced as a White and middle-class space due to cultural capital and habitus – an invisible social system that maintains privilege. At the same time, the data also show that cohousing is in fact more diverse than is perceived.
共同住房作为一种社会和环境可持续发展的住房模式而广受赞誉,但它仍然是一个具有独特社会形象的小部门:白人,受过高等教育,中高收入。利用混合方法研究和布尔迪厄分析,本文认为,文化,而不是负担能力,是包容性的主要障碍。与之前的说法相反,研究发现,合住的意识是在志同道合的圈子里产生的,而不是在当地产生的。定量方面提供了英国合住社区社会概况的最新数据,定性数据显示了由于文化资本和习惯(一种维持特权的无形社会制度),合住如何被复制为白人和中产阶级的空间。与此同时,数据还显示,合住实际上比人们想象的更加多样化。
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引用次数: 5
Finding home online? The Digitalization of share housing and the making of home through absence 在网上找到家?共享住房的数字化与缺席造家
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-10-11 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2021.1986423
Sophia Maalsen, Nicole Gurran
ABSTRACT Economic pressures, demographic changes and digital technologies are reshaping housing pathways as rented, shared and digitalized. In Australia, a growing proportion of adults are renting in the private market, often in shared accommodation. We know little about shared housing because the shared rental sector remains largely “hidden”. Online shared housing platforms offer insights into how people seek homes in a market where personal attributes are marketed alongside properties and rent. We use over 9000 Flatmates.com.au listings to identify the demographic features of shared households and potential tenants, with a smaller subset used to illuminate the characteristics that are sought after and marketed by people searching for a shared home. Our analysis reveals that the “ideal flatmate” is one who contributes to social relations in the home while rarely being at home. These insights highlight the limits of shared housing markets for long-term tenure because ofconstraints on home-making practices.
经济压力、人口结构变化和数字技术正在重塑租赁、共享和数字化的住房路径。在澳大利亚,越来越多的成年人在私人市场租房,通常是合租。我们对合租房屋知之甚少,因为合租行业在很大程度上仍然是“隐藏的”。在线共享住房平台提供了关于人们如何在个人属性与房产和租金一起销售的市场中寻找房屋的见解。我们使用超过9000个Flatmates.com.au列表来识别共享家庭和潜在租户的人口特征,并使用较小的子集来阐明寻找共享房屋的人所追求和营销的特征。我们的分析表明,“理想的室友”是那些很少呆在家里却能为家庭社会关系做出贡献的人。这些洞见凸显了共享住房市场对长期使用权的限制,因为它限制了人们的居家实践。
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引用次数: 4
A “Financialised Production of Space”. Analysing Real Estate Investment Funds through Lefebvre’s Spatial Triad “空间的金融化生产”。用列斐伏尔空间三元分析房地产投资基金
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2021.1968486
F. Toro, Pablo Navarrete-Hernández
ABSTRACT This research contributes to gaining a deeper understanding of the nature of the financialization of the built environment from a spatial dimension. Empirical studies have predominantly used a quantitative approach to explore these processes. In contrast, this article seeks a better understanding of the ways in which financial institutions conceive of and represent space. Through the lens of Lefebvre’s spatial triad, we analyse in-depth interviews with key high-level investment fund managers, along with the annual reports of three investment funds operating in Santiago, Chile. Our thematic analysis reveals a potential “financialised production of space” and indicates that data can be classified into three distinct categories: commodification of the material space, codification of the representation of space and, the subjectification of the representational space. The study concludes that investment funds construct financial spatial narratives, through which space is disembodied and conceived as a commodity, represented in the form of pictures and codes.
本研究有助于从空间维度更深入地理解建筑环境金融化的本质。实证研究主要使用定量方法来探索这些过程。相比之下,本文试图更好地理解金融机构构思和表示空间的方式。通过列斐伏尔的空间三元组合,我们分析了对主要高层投资基金经理的深度访谈,以及在智利圣地亚哥运营的三家投资基金的年度报告。我们的专题分析揭示了一种潜在的“空间金融化生产”,并指出数据可以分为三个不同的类别:物质空间的商品化、空间表征的法典化和表征空间的主体化。研究认为,投资基金构建了金融空间叙事,通过这种叙事,空间被脱离实体,并被视为一种商品,以图片和代码的形式表现出来。
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引用次数: 1
“So, Don’t You Want Us Here No More?” Slow Violence, Frustrated Hope, and Racialized Struggle on London’s Council Estates “那么,你不想让我们在这里呆下去了吗?”缓慢的暴力,受挫的希望,以及伦敦议会地产上的种族斗争
IF 3.1 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-08-25 DOI: 10.1080/14036096.2021.1959392
L. Lees, P. Hubbard
ABSTRACT Since 1997, over 50,000 homes have been demolished to allow for the “renewal” of council estates in London. This has involved the “decanting” of short and long-term tenants, as well as those leaseholders who bought their homes under “right to buy” legislation. Often described as “social cleansing”, the racialized dimensions of these displacements remain under-explored despite asizable literature documenting the connections between race, place and state-subsidized housing in Britain. Drawing on interviews with Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic estate residents– including many active in housing movements– this paper shows that this displacement is understood in relation to histories of racial discrimination, the destruction of ethno-cultural infrastructures, and long-standing racialized inequalities. These themes resonate with apolitics of resistance grounded in aracialized class consciousness that seeks to intervene more broadly in the politics of capital and the state.
自1997年以来,在伦敦,超过5万所房屋被拆除,以允许“更新”议会地产。这涉及到短期和长期租户,以及那些根据“购买权”立法购买房屋的租赁人的“换瓶”。尽管有大量文献记录了英国种族、地域和国家补贴住房之间的联系,但这些流离失所的种族化维度通常被描述为“社会清洗”,仍未得到充分探讨。通过对黑人、亚洲人和少数民族居民(包括许多积极参与住房运动的人)的采访,本文表明,这种流离失所与种族歧视的历史、民族文化基础设施的破坏和长期存在的种族化不平等有关。这些主题与以非种族化的阶级意识为基础的抵抗政治产生共鸣,后者寻求更广泛地干预资本和国家的政治。
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引用次数: 12
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Housing Theory & Society
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