Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2270823
Christopher S. Jazwa, Amira F. Ainis, Ryan B. Anderson, Karim Bulhusen Muñoz, Emmanuel Reyes Estrada, Harumi Fujita
ABSTRACTCabo Pulmo National Park (CPNP), within the East Cape of Baja California Sur, Mexico, is the location of a highly productive rocky reef ecosystem that was likely attractive to people throughout the Holocene. AMS radiocarbon dates from sites along the coast and faunal data from two excavated sites, D20 and D27, indicate people were present in the region by at least 7120–6755 cal b.p. (D34), but evidence of persistent occupation and possibly higher population densities postdates 2110–1945 cal b.p. (D27, Unit 1). The most prominent sites with intact stratified archaeological deposits appear to be focused adjacent to prominent rocky points, where assemblages include a variety of marine mollusks, fish, birds, terrestrial and marine mammals, and sea turtle remains. At both D20 and D27, there is evidence people targeted small fishes including sardines, likely with nets. This study highlights the strong archaeological potential in CPNP to address questions about human coastal adaptations and population history during the Holocene, emphasizing the importance of protecting cultural resources in an area at risk from growing tourism and residential development.KEYWORDS: Baja California SurCabo Pulmocoastal adaptationsradiocarbonshell middens AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH) and Cabo Pulmo National Park, including Carlos Godinez Reyes and Abigail Reynoso Altamirano, for assistance with permissions and logistical help in initiating fieldwork. Fieldwork and laboratory analysis were funded by Santa Clara University and the University of Nevada, Reno. Kirk Schmitz assisted with site visits, sample collection, and excavation, and Andrea Hernández assisted with excavation. Enah Fonseca assisted with compiling references for past work in Baja California. Judge Daniel Weinstein assisted with logistics and housing, and Henri op den Buys and Pilu Hermosillo assisted with logistical support, including storage of excavated materials in Cabo Pulmo during the period of travel restrictions during the COVID 19 pandemic. Thank you also to Christina Luke and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on our manuscript.Additional informationNotes on contributorsChristopher S. JazwaChristopher S. Jazwa (Ph.D. 2015, Pennsylvania State University) is an Associate Professor at the University of Nevada, Reno. His research interests include island and coastal archaeology, human behavioral ecology, radiocarbon dating, and stable isotope ecology.Amira F. AinisAmira F. Ainis (Ph.D. 2019, University of Oregon, RPA) is an Assistant Professor at California State University, Los Angeles. Her research interests include diachronic adaptations to coastal and island ecosystems, marine paleoecology, marine historical ecology, prehistoric fisheries, and archaeomalacology.Ryan B. AndersonRyan B. Anderson (Ph.D. 2014, University of Kentucky) is an Assistant Professor in the Anthropology Department at Santa Clara University and a
【摘要】普尔莫角国家公园(capo Pulmo National Park, CPNP)位于墨西哥下加利福尼亚东部的东开普省,是一个高产的礁石生态系统所在地,可能在整个全新世对人们都很有吸引力。来自沿海遗址的AMS放射性碳测年和来自两个出土遗址D20和D27的动物数据表明,至少在7120-6755 cal b.p (D34)之前,该地区就有人类存在,但在2110-1945 cal b.p (D27, Unit 1)之后,有持续居住和可能更高人口密度的证据。具有完整分层考古沉积物的最突出的遗址似乎集中在突出的岩石点附近,那里的组合包括各种海洋软体动物、鱼类、鸟类、陆生和海洋哺乳动物以及海龟遗骸。在D20和D27,有证据表明人们瞄准了包括沙丁鱼在内的小鱼,可能是用渔网。这项研究强调了CPNP在解决全新世人类沿海适应和人口历史问题方面的强大考古潜力,强调了在一个受到日益增长的旅游业和住宅开发威胁的地区保护文化资源的重要性。致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢致谢实地调查和实验室分析由圣克拉拉大学和内华达大学里诺分校资助。Kirk Schmitz协助现场考察、样本收集和挖掘,Andrea Hernández协助挖掘。Enah Fonseca协助编写过去在下加利福尼亚州工作的参考资料。丹尼尔·温斯坦法官协助后勤和住房,亨利·普登·拜斯和皮卢·埃莫西略协助后勤支持,包括在COVID - 19大流行期间旅行限制期间在普尔莫角储存挖掘的材料。还要感谢Christina Luke和两位匿名审稿人对我们手稿的评论。christopher S. Jazwa(2015年宾夕法尼亚州立大学博士)是内华达大学里诺分校的副教授。他的研究兴趣包括岛屿和海岸考古学、人类行为生态学、放射性碳测年和稳定同位素生态学。Amira F. Ainis(2019年博士,俄勒冈大学,RPA)是洛杉矶加利福尼亚州立大学的助理教授。她的研究兴趣包括沿海和岛屿生态系统的历时适应、海洋古生态学、海洋历史生态学、史前渔业和考古生态学。Ryan B. Anderson(2014年肯塔基大学博士),圣克拉拉大学人类学系助理教授,加州大学圣克鲁斯分校海洋科学研究所研究员。主要研究方向为沿海人类学、政治生态学、沿海保护与发展、适应海平面上升等。卡里姆·布尔胡森MuñozKarim布尔胡森Muñoz(学士学位在进行中,Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia,墨西哥)是一名考古学家在下加利福尼亚州南部工作。主要研究方向为海岸考古学、考古生态学和海洋生态学。伊曼纽尔·雷耶斯·埃斯特拉达伊曼纽尔·雷耶斯·埃斯特拉达(文学学士学位,Escuela nacional de Antropología e Historia,墨西哥)是一位在下加利福尼亚工作的考古学家。他的研究兴趣为海岸考古学、石器分析、生物人类学和考古插图。伊曼纽尔于2023年7月在考古调查中去世。他是一个好人,一个有才华的年轻考古学家,我们想念他。藤田春美(1985年文学学士,墨西哥国立Antropología历史学院)是墨西哥下加利福尼亚南部国立Antropología历史学院(INAH)的考古学家。她的研究兴趣包括定居模式、生存活动和下加利福尼亚半岛的人口。
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Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2264613
Joseph C. Williams, Thomas Howe, Adan Ramos, Gabriel Maslen
ABSTRACTDigital recording technologies such as lidar and photogrammetry bring higher efficiency to archaeological recording, as well as the allure of automation. How do the promises of the digital age impact the role and methods of field architects, members of an archaeological team responsible for illustrating architectural finds? Between 2011 and 2022, University of Maryland field architects grappled with this question while recording the frescoed rooms of the Villa Arianna in Roman Stabiae. Like other Roman houses preserved by the eruption of Vesuvius in a.d. 79, the villa contains many building phases, destruction deposits, and large spaces adorned with detailed frescoes. To accurately capture this diversity, the field team integrated several digital-assisted recording techniques with traditional manual approaches. While electronic technologies aided the architects in measuring the villa at multiple scales, we found that they could not replace the field architect’s capacity for granular first-hand observation, historical learning, and interpretation of archaeological signatures.KEYWORDS: Field architectdigitalarchaeological illustrationfrescoStabiaeVilla AriannaRoman Geolocation InformationThe plan (see Figure 2) showing the Villa Arianna in Castellammare di Stabia, Italy, uses geo-referenced benchmarks from Vittorio Fontanella’s survey between April and June 2010, with elevation levels obtained by Thomas Howe in June 2010. BM 4–6 are the benchmarks used for the “First Complex” of the Villa Arianna, the focus of this study. The benchmarks are registered to the following Gauss-Boaga national grid coordinates: BM 4: X Easting 2477059.9339, Y Northing 4505546.6179, Z Elevation masl 48.501; BM 5: X Easting 2477080.5349, Y Northing 4505554.8649, Z Elevation masl 49.616; BM 6: X Easting 2477122.8300, Y Northing 4505589.8595, Z Elevation masl 49.692.AcknowledgmentsThis research has been generously funded by the Wilhelmina F. Jashemski and Stanley A. Jashemski Research Grant Program and was carried out with the support of the Restoring Ancient Stabiae Foundation and the Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Pompei, Ercolano e Stabia. A great debt of gratitude is due to Robert Lindley Vann, originally the PI of the archaeological work-study program at the Villa Arianna in Stabiae. Thanks are also due to the many UMD students and alumni who made the architectural drawings and to the staff of the Vesuvian Inn.Additional informationNotes on contributorsJoseph C. WilliamsJoseph C. Williams (Ph.D. 2017, Duke University) is an architectural historian and Assistant Professor of Architecture at the University of Maryland. His research uncovers the nature of builders’ knowledge before modernity, with a focus on ancient and medieval southern Italy and its Mediterranean orbit. In particular, he applies the methods of building archaeology to examine construction techniques and their role in premodern design process. Williams developed these methods d
【摘要】激光雷达、摄影测量等数字记录技术为考古记录带来了更高的效率,同时也带来了自动化的魅力。数字时代的承诺如何影响现场建筑师的角色和方法,考古团队的成员负责说明建筑发现?在2011年至2022年之间,马里兰大学的建筑师在记录罗马斯塔比亚的阿里安娜别墅的壁画房间时,努力解决了这个问题。像公元79年维苏威火山爆发保存下来的其他罗马房屋一样,这座别墅包含了许多建筑阶段,破坏沉积物和装饰有详细壁画的大空间。为了准确地捕捉这种多样性,现场团队将几种数字辅助记录技术与传统的手动方法相结合。虽然电子技术帮助建筑师在多个尺度上测量别墅,但我们发现它们无法取代现场建筑师的第一手观察、历史学习和考古特征解释的能力。该平面图(见图2)展示了意大利斯塔比亚城堡的阿里安娜别墅,使用了2010年4月至6月Vittorio Fontanella调查的地理参考基准,海拔高度由Thomas Howe在2010年6月获得。BM 4-6是Arianna别墅“第一综合体”的基准,也是本研究的重点。基准注册到以下gaas - boaga国家网格坐标:bm4: X east 2477059.9339, Y north 4505546.6179, Z Elevation masl 48.501;bm5: X东2477080.5349,Y北4505554.8649,Z高程49.616;bm6: X东2477122.8300,Y北4505589.8595,Z高程49.692。本研究得到了Wilhelmina F. Jashemski和Stanley A. Jashemski研究资助计划的慷慨资助,并得到了修复古马塔基金会和庞贝考古博物馆(Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Pompei, Ercolano e Stabia)的支持。罗伯特·林德利·范恩(Robert Lindley Vann)非常感激,他最初是斯塔比埃别墅阿里安娜(Villa Arianna)考古勤工俭学项目的负责人。还要感谢许多马里兰大学的学生和校友,他们绘制了建筑图纸,也感谢维苏威酒店的工作人员。joseph C. Williams(杜克大学2017年博士)是马里兰大学建筑历史学家和建筑助理教授。他的研究揭示了现代之前建筑商知识的本质,重点关注古代和中世纪的意大利南部及其地中海轨道。特别是,他运用建筑考古学的方法来检验建筑技术及其在前现代设计过程中的作用。威廉姆斯在杜克大学建筑史博士学位期间开发了这些方法,并在罗马美国学院获得了克雷斯奖学金,并于2020年出版了《脱节的建筑》一书,该书专注于中世纪普利亚的大教堂建筑。他还指导了UMD在Roman Stabiae的Villa Arianna的考古勤工俭学项目,在敦巴顿橡树项目拨款的支持下记录了西西里岛的拜占庭诺曼教堂,并在UMD建立了新的MAPP建筑表现实验室(MARL)。Thomas Noble Howe(1985年毕业于哈佛大学),是一位建筑师、考古学家、建筑历史学家和西南大学建筑学教授。他拥有哈佛大学设计研究生院的建筑硕士学位,以及哈佛大学美术博士学位,在那里他专注于希腊和罗马建筑。Howe在野外考古方面有40年的经验,目前是罗马斯塔比亚的阿里安娜别墅发掘主任。他的出版物包括许多关于古代建筑的考古研究,如1977年与E. Hostetter合著的《大贝德温城堡的罗马-英国别墅》,以及2014年与Ingrid D. Rowland合著的《维特鲁威的建筑十书》。Howe特别感兴趣的是考古遗址的建筑记录方法,以及精确记录对于充分欣赏古代设计实践的必要性。Adan Ramos(硕士,2019年,马里兰大学)目前是一名设计工作室的讲师。他曾在罗马斯塔比亚的Villa Arianna担任UMD考古勤工助学计划的研究和助教,并共同组织了对“第一建筑群”壁画墙的全面调查。Ramos对数字技术在建筑勘测中的关键应用很感兴趣。Gabriel MaslenGabriel Maslen(马里兰大学建筑学学士,2015年毕业)在米兰理工大学学习建筑与城市设计。 他曾在罗马斯塔比亚的Villa Arianna担任UMD考古勤工助学计划的研究和助教,并共同组织了对“第一建筑群”壁画墙的全面调查。他对建筑制图方法及其教学法特别感兴趣。
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Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2263698
Michael J. Kolb, Patty J. Conte, Valerie Curtis, Jim Hayden
ABSTRACTThe relationship between agricultural systems and the development of complex societies in ancient Hawai`i has been debated for decades. To contribute to this debate, we examine a terrace complex representing an extended family agricultural land plot in the Kula dryland field system of East Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Botanical, faunal, soil, and architectural analysis data reveal a variety of household labor practices related to agroforestry ca. a.d. 1400–1820. A pre-human open forest soil substrate was replaced with stone agricultural terracing which was in turn enclosed by upslope-downslope garden walls that parceled the terrace complex into distinct garden areas. These results lead us to conclude that a wide range of specialized upland activities were practiced, including food cultivation, forestry, pig husbandry, and bird-hunting. The net sum of these local activities helped underpin the formative process of larger regional-level agricultural systems which in turn can inform us about polity-level staple and wealth finance systems.KEYWORDS: Agriculturehuman-environmental interactionBayesian modelpig husbandrybirding huntingHawai`i AcknowledgementsWe would like to express our gratitude to our colleague and former supervisor Ross Cordy, Professor of Hawaiian-Pacific Studies at the University of Hawai`i West O`ahu, for his valuable input and guidance in the development of this research project. We express our thanks to Tom Dye, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on this manuscript. Fieldwork was conducted in 1994 and 1995 under the auspices of the State of Hawaii Department of Hawaiian Home Lands as part of its mandate to develop and deliver lands to native Hawaiians. We would also like to thank Jane Allen, David Addison, Linda Scott Cummings, Patrick Kirch, Gail Murakami, Jade Moniz Nakamura, Jenny O'Clary, Tracy Tam Sing, and the late Alan Ziegler and Stoors Olsen for sharing their professional expertise. We also extend our sincere appreciation to the 1994 crew of the University of Hawai`i Kēōkea Archaeological Field School: Brock Adamchak, Stephanie Allen, Don Coloma, Karen Gulick, William (Koa) Hodgins, Lori Johnson, Kate Mortellaro, Amy Kaawaaloa, Erika Radewagen, Carter Richardson, Vincent Sava, Jacqueline Skeet, Kirsten Stromgren, and Cynthia Taylor.Disclosure StatementThe authors report there are no competing interests to declare.Additional informationFundingThis work was funded by the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands, the Hawai`i Department of Land and Natural Resources, and the 1994 University of Hawai`i Kēōkea Archaeological Field School.Notes on contributorsMichael J. KolbMichael J. Kolb (Ph.D. 1991, UCLA) is Professor of Anthropology at Metropolitan State University and Presidential Teaching Professor Emeritus at Northern Illinois University. His research focuses on ancient and historical political economies and the building of monumental architecture. He has published, amongst other
摘要古代夏威夷农业系统与复杂社会发展之间的关系已经争论了几十年。为了促进这一争论,我们研究了夏威夷东毛伊岛库拉旱地系统中一个代表扩展家庭农业用地的梯田综合体。植物、动物、土壤和建筑分析数据揭示了大约公元1400-1820年与农林业有关的各种家庭劳动实践。原始的开放森林土壤基质被石头农业梯田所取代,而这些梯田又被上下斜坡的花园墙所包围,将露台综合体包裹成不同的花园区域。这些结果使我们得出结论,他们从事广泛的专门的高地活动,包括粮食种植、林业、养猪和狩猎。这些地方活动的总和帮助支撑了更大的区域一级农业系统的形成过程,而这反过来又可以使我们了解政治层面的主食和财富融资系统。关键词:农业;人与环境相互作用;贝叶斯模型;养猪业;观鸟狩猎;夏威夷致谢我们要感谢我们的同事和前导师,夏威夷西奥胡岛大学夏威夷太平洋研究教授Ross Cordy,他在本研究项目的发展中提供了宝贵的意见和指导。我们对Tom Dye、Noa Kekuewa Lincoln和两位匿名审稿人对本文提出的建设性意见表示感谢。1994年和1995年,在夏威夷州国土部的主持下进行了实地调查,作为其开发和向夏威夷土著提供土地的任务的一部分。我们还要感谢简·艾伦、大卫·艾迪生、琳达·斯科特·卡明斯、帕特里克·基尔奇、盖尔·村上、杰德·莫尼兹·中村、珍妮·奥克莱里、特雷西·谭辛以及已故的艾伦·齐格勒和斯托尔斯·奥尔森分享他们的专业知识。我们也衷心感谢1994年夏威夷大学Kēōkea考古田野学校的工作人员:布洛克·亚当查克、斯蒂芬妮·艾伦、唐·科洛马、凯伦·古利克、威廉·哈金斯、洛里·约翰逊、凯特·莫特拉罗、艾米·卡瓦洛阿、埃里卡·拉德瓦根、卡特·理查森、文森特·萨瓦、杰奎琳·斯基特、克尔斯滕·斯特伦和辛西娅·泰勒。声明作者报告无竞争利益需要申报。这项工作由夏威夷国土部、夏威夷土地和自然资源部以及1994年夏威夷大学Kēōkea考古田野学校资助。作者简介michael J. Kolb michael J. Kolb(1991年毕业于加州大学洛杉矶分校)是大都会州立大学人类学教授和北伊利诺伊大学名誉校长教学教授。他的研究主要集中在古代和历史的政治经济和纪念性建筑的建设。他的著作包括中世纪西西里岛、史前欧洲和大洋洲的劳动能量学。他最近的一本书是《古迹的意义》(2020年伦敦)。Patty J. Conte(1998年硕士,北伊利诺伊大学)是华盛顿特区海军设施工程系统司令部(NAVFAC)总部的考古学家。她的专业组合包括1991-2001年和2008-2010年在夏威夷州土地和自然资源部、州历史保护部、NAVFAC太平洋和陆军部工作,以及以前在夏威夷州提供独立考古顾问服务。瓦莱丽·柯蒂斯瓦莱丽·柯蒂斯(2007年夏威夷大学文学硕士)是美国空军在亚洲和太平洋地区文化资源方面的主题专家。她在这个领域有超过30年的经验。她的研究领域是文化资源管理和历史保护法律法规。主要研究方向为古环境重建和人类对环境的影响。吉姆·海登(文学学士/理学士1990年,普渡大学)是檀香山市和县规划和许可部门的地理信息系统分析师。在进行这项研究时,他是夏威夷州土地和自然资源部历史保护司的一名考古学家。
{"title":"Household Labor Practices and Dryland Agroforestry in Upland Kula, Maui Island","authors":"Michael J. Kolb, Patty J. Conte, Valerie Curtis, Jim Hayden","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2023.2263698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2263698","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe relationship between agricultural systems and the development of complex societies in ancient Hawai`i has been debated for decades. To contribute to this debate, we examine a terrace complex representing an extended family agricultural land plot in the Kula dryland field system of East Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Botanical, faunal, soil, and architectural analysis data reveal a variety of household labor practices related to agroforestry ca. a.d. 1400–1820. A pre-human open forest soil substrate was replaced with stone agricultural terracing which was in turn enclosed by upslope-downslope garden walls that parceled the terrace complex into distinct garden areas. These results lead us to conclude that a wide range of specialized upland activities were practiced, including food cultivation, forestry, pig husbandry, and bird-hunting. The net sum of these local activities helped underpin the formative process of larger regional-level agricultural systems which in turn can inform us about polity-level staple and wealth finance systems.KEYWORDS: Agriculturehuman-environmental interactionBayesian modelpig husbandrybirding huntingHawai`i AcknowledgementsWe would like to express our gratitude to our colleague and former supervisor Ross Cordy, Professor of Hawaiian-Pacific Studies at the University of Hawai`i West O`ahu, for his valuable input and guidance in the development of this research project. We express our thanks to Tom Dye, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on this manuscript. Fieldwork was conducted in 1994 and 1995 under the auspices of the State of Hawaii Department of Hawaiian Home Lands as part of its mandate to develop and deliver lands to native Hawaiians. We would also like to thank Jane Allen, David Addison, Linda Scott Cummings, Patrick Kirch, Gail Murakami, Jade Moniz Nakamura, Jenny O'Clary, Tracy Tam Sing, and the late Alan Ziegler and Stoors Olsen for sharing their professional expertise. We also extend our sincere appreciation to the 1994 crew of the University of Hawai`i Kēōkea Archaeological Field School: Brock Adamchak, Stephanie Allen, Don Coloma, Karen Gulick, William (Koa) Hodgins, Lori Johnson, Kate Mortellaro, Amy Kaawaaloa, Erika Radewagen, Carter Richardson, Vincent Sava, Jacqueline Skeet, Kirsten Stromgren, and Cynthia Taylor.Disclosure StatementThe authors report there are no competing interests to declare.Additional informationFundingThis work was funded by the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands, the Hawai`i Department of Land and Natural Resources, and the 1994 University of Hawai`i Kēōkea Archaeological Field School.Notes on contributorsMichael J. KolbMichael J. Kolb (Ph.D. 1991, UCLA) is Professor of Anthropology at Metropolitan State University and Presidential Teaching Professor Emeritus at Northern Illinois University. His research focuses on ancient and historical political economies and the building of monumental architecture. He has published, amongst other","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2261083
Yichun Chen, Ben Marwick
ABSTRACTRising interest in gender equality in society has resulted in greater scrutiny of gender inequality in academic communities. Analysis of authorship of peer-reviewed publications shows that archaeology, like other academic fields, has long been dominated by men. We ask if gender disproportionality is evident in the topics presented by archaeologists at major conferences, particularly the Society of American Archaeology (SAA), the European Association of Archaeologists (EAA), and the Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA) meetings. Does participants’ gender correlate with the topics of their presentations? We analyzed presenters’ names in published programs to infer gender. We used machine learning to identify topics from presentation titles. We found distinctive topics that are strongly associated with women, such as cultural heritage, GIS, and isotope analyses. Awareness of these correlations between research topics and gender is important to ensure equitable participation in archaeology and unbiased access to training opportunities for students.KEYWORDS: gendersociopolitics of archaeologytopic modelingconferences AcknowledgementsThanks to the organizers of the SAA, EAA, and CAA meetings for sharing their data in a format suitable for quantitative analysis. Earlier versions of this research were presented at the University of Washington Undergraduate Research Symposium in 2020 and the SAA meetings in 2021. We’re grateful for questions and feedback from those events that helped to improve this paper. Thanks to Catherine Jalbert and Laura Heath-Stout for their encouragement and detailed feedback that greatly improved earlier drafts of this paper.Additional informationNotes on contributorsYichun ChenYichun Chen is an undergraduate student at the University of Washington whose majors are economics (BA) & philosophy (Ethics) and minors are applied mathematics & anthropology.Ben MarwickBen Marwick (Ph.D. 2008, Australian National University) is a professor of archaeology in the University of Washington Department of Anthropology. His research focuses on hominin dispersals into mainland Southeast Asia, forager technologies, and ecology in Australia, mainland Southeast Asia, and elsewhere. He analyzes how archaeology engages with local and online communities, with popular culture, and is interested in techniques and methods for reproducible research, open science, and investigating the sociopolitics of the discipline. ORCiD: 0000-0001-7879-4531.
{"title":"Women in the Lab, Men in the Field? Correlations between Gender and Research Topics at Three Major Archaeology Conferences","authors":"Yichun Chen, Ben Marwick","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2023.2261083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2261083","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTRising interest in gender equality in society has resulted in greater scrutiny of gender inequality in academic communities. Analysis of authorship of peer-reviewed publications shows that archaeology, like other academic fields, has long been dominated by men. We ask if gender disproportionality is evident in the topics presented by archaeologists at major conferences, particularly the Society of American Archaeology (SAA), the European Association of Archaeologists (EAA), and the Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA) meetings. Does participants’ gender correlate with the topics of their presentations? We analyzed presenters’ names in published programs to infer gender. We used machine learning to identify topics from presentation titles. We found distinctive topics that are strongly associated with women, such as cultural heritage, GIS, and isotope analyses. Awareness of these correlations between research topics and gender is important to ensure equitable participation in archaeology and unbiased access to training opportunities for students.KEYWORDS: gendersociopolitics of archaeologytopic modelingconferences AcknowledgementsThanks to the organizers of the SAA, EAA, and CAA meetings for sharing their data in a format suitable for quantitative analysis. Earlier versions of this research were presented at the University of Washington Undergraduate Research Symposium in 2020 and the SAA meetings in 2021. We’re grateful for questions and feedback from those events that helped to improve this paper. Thanks to Catherine Jalbert and Laura Heath-Stout for their encouragement and detailed feedback that greatly improved earlier drafts of this paper.Additional informationNotes on contributorsYichun ChenYichun Chen is an undergraduate student at the University of Washington whose majors are economics (BA) & philosophy (Ethics) and minors are applied mathematics & anthropology.Ben MarwickBen Marwick (Ph.D. 2008, Australian National University) is a professor of archaeology in the University of Washington Department of Anthropology. His research focuses on hominin dispersals into mainland Southeast Asia, forager technologies, and ecology in Australia, mainland Southeast Asia, and elsewhere. He analyzes how archaeology engages with local and online communities, with popular culture, and is interested in techniques and methods for reproducible research, open science, and investigating the sociopolitics of the discipline. ORCiD: 0000-0001-7879-4531.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135425351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2258715
John Philip Carpenter, Guadalupe Sánchez, Rommel Tapia-Carrasco, Andrew R. Krug, Edson Cupa, Dakota Larrick, Carlos Eduardo Hernández, Robin R. Singleton, Matthew C. Pailes
ABSTRACTRecent research conducted in southern Sonora, Mexico provides an opportunity to revisit debates about interaction between Mesoamerica and the North American Southwest (NAS). In the borderland between these traditions, communities show few signs of cultural amalgamation, instead exhibiting either an avoidance of overt identity markers or an emphasis on more local connections. This pattern contrasts with most discussions of Mesoamerican influence on the NAS that focus on regionally atypical centers of foreign goods consumption or evidence of foreign religious traditions in distant localities. By recentering on local contexts where cultural amalgamation is expected but minimal, we raise important questions about why more distant groups found Mesoamerican societies to be worthy of emulation. The results suggest researchers should devote equal attention to cases in which distinct identities are erased or suppressed as they do to cases in which social boundaries are maintained or created anew.KEYWORDS: Borderlandssocial boundariescultural amalgamationMesoamericaNorth American SouthwestRio SonoraSerrana AcknowledgementsWe extend our profound appreciation to the communities that hosted this research, including Rosario de Tesopaco, Nuri, Quiriego, Sahuaripa, Tacupeto, Onapa, Choix, and Mochicahui. We are further indebted to other regional scholars whose data sharing made this research possible, especially Cristina García-Moreno, Emilliano Gallaga, and the late Richard Pailes.Disclosure StatementThe authors report there are no competing interests to declare.Notes1 From provided figures, three of these appear to be “Santa Ana” described above, which are likely not from the core Casas Grandes region.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported in large part by National Science Foundation Grant BCS 1724445, with supplemental funding by a University of Oklahoma Junior Faculty Fellowship, a Rust Family Foundation Grant, and the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.Notes on contributorsJohn Philip CarpenterJohn Philip Carpenter (Ph.D. 1996, University of Arizona) is a researcher at the Instituto Nacional de Antropología and Historia, Sonora. His interests include ethnohistory and social organization.Guadalupe SánchezGuadalupe Sanchez Miranda (Ph.D. 2010, University of Arizona) is a researcher at the Instituto Nacional de Antropología and Historia, Sonora who specializes in hunters and gatherers of the Sonoran Desert.Rommel Tapia-CarrascoRommel Tapia-Carrasco is a licenciatura student (Pasante) at the Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia affiliated with the Instituto Nacional de Antropología and Historia, with research interests that span from the Mayan region to the Sonoran Desert.Andrew R. KrugAndrew R. Krug (M.A. 2018, University of Missouri) is a Ph.D. student at the University of Oklahoma who focuses on theories of exchange and sourcing methodologies.Edson CupaEdson Cupa is a licenciatura student (Pasante) at the Escuela Nacio
摘要最近在墨西哥索诺拉南部进行的研究为重新审视中美洲和北美西南部(NAS)之间相互作用的争论提供了机会。在这些传统之间的边界地带,社区几乎没有表现出文化融合的迹象,相反,他们要么避免公开的身份标志,要么强调更多的地方联系。这种模式与大多数关于中美洲对北美地区影响的讨论形成鲜明对比,这些讨论关注的是地区性非典型的外国商品消费中心或遥远地区外国宗教传统的证据。通过重新审视文化融合的地方背景,我们提出了一个重要的问题,为什么更遥远的群体发现中美洲社会值得效仿。研究结果表明,研究人员应该对那些不同的身份被抹去或压制的情况给予同样的关注,就像他们对那些维持或重新建立社会界限的情况一样。关键词:边疆、社会边界、文化融合中美洲、北美、西南、索诺或塞拉那感谢我们对主持这项研究的社区表示深切的感谢,包括Rosario de Tesopaco、Nuri、Quiriego、Sahuaripa、Tacupeto、Onapa、Choix和Mochicahui。我们还要感谢其他地区的学者,他们的数据共享使这项研究成为可能,特别是克里斯蒂娜García-Moreno, Emilliano Gallaga和已故的Richard Pailes。声明作者报告无竞争利益需要申报。注1从提供的数字来看,其中三个似乎是上文所述的“圣安娜”,它们可能不是来自卡萨斯格兰德斯核心地区。这项工作在很大程度上得到了国家科学基金会拨款BCS 1724445的支持,俄克拉荷马大学青年教师奖学金、Rust家庭基金会拨款和国家历史研究所的补充资金。作者简介约翰·菲利普·卡彭特约翰·菲利普·卡彭特(1996年亚利桑那大学博士)是索诺拉国立Antropología和历史研究所的研究员。他的兴趣包括民族史和社会组织。瓜达卢佩SánchezGuadalupe桑切斯·米兰达(2010年亚利桑那大学博士)是索诺拉国家研究所Antropología和历史研究所的一名研究员,专门研究索诺拉沙漠的猎人和采集者。Rommel Tapia-Carrasco是国立Antropología历史学院下属的国立Antropología历史学院的一名学生(Pasante),他的研究兴趣从玛雅地区到索诺拉沙漠。Andrew R. krurug(2018年密苏里大学硕士),俄克拉荷马大学博士生,主要研究交换理论和采购方法。Edson CupaEdson CupaEdson cupa.org是国立历史学大学Antropología的一名学生,他的研究方向是中美洲和墨西哥西北部。达科塔·拉里克(2021年硕士,俄克拉荷马大学)是亚利桑那大学的一名研究生,对树木年代学/气候学和人类与环境的相互作用感兴趣。卡洛斯·爱德华多HernándezCarlos爱德华多Hernández,国立历史学大学Antropología历史学专业的学生,主要研究领域为中美洲和墨西哥西北部。Robin R. Singleton(海勒姆学院2015级理学士),俄克拉何马大学博士生,研究方向为分子人类学,专注于人与动物的相互作用。Matthew C. Pailes(2015年亚利桑那大学博士),俄克拉何马大学副教授。他的研究兴趣包括弹性理论和农业社会。Orcid 0000-0001-9045-5671。
{"title":"In Search of a Borderland: Material Culture Patterns on the Southern Limits of the North American Southwest","authors":"John Philip Carpenter, Guadalupe Sánchez, Rommel Tapia-Carrasco, Andrew R. Krug, Edson Cupa, Dakota Larrick, Carlos Eduardo Hernández, Robin R. Singleton, Matthew C. Pailes","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2023.2258715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2258715","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTRecent research conducted in southern Sonora, Mexico provides an opportunity to revisit debates about interaction between Mesoamerica and the North American Southwest (NAS). In the borderland between these traditions, communities show few signs of cultural amalgamation, instead exhibiting either an avoidance of overt identity markers or an emphasis on more local connections. This pattern contrasts with most discussions of Mesoamerican influence on the NAS that focus on regionally atypical centers of foreign goods consumption or evidence of foreign religious traditions in distant localities. By recentering on local contexts where cultural amalgamation is expected but minimal, we raise important questions about why more distant groups found Mesoamerican societies to be worthy of emulation. The results suggest researchers should devote equal attention to cases in which distinct identities are erased or suppressed as they do to cases in which social boundaries are maintained or created anew.KEYWORDS: Borderlandssocial boundariescultural amalgamationMesoamericaNorth American SouthwestRio SonoraSerrana AcknowledgementsWe extend our profound appreciation to the communities that hosted this research, including Rosario de Tesopaco, Nuri, Quiriego, Sahuaripa, Tacupeto, Onapa, Choix, and Mochicahui. We are further indebted to other regional scholars whose data sharing made this research possible, especially Cristina García-Moreno, Emilliano Gallaga, and the late Richard Pailes.Disclosure StatementThe authors report there are no competing interests to declare.Notes1 From provided figures, three of these appear to be “Santa Ana” described above, which are likely not from the core Casas Grandes region.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported in large part by National Science Foundation Grant BCS 1724445, with supplemental funding by a University of Oklahoma Junior Faculty Fellowship, a Rust Family Foundation Grant, and the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.Notes on contributorsJohn Philip CarpenterJohn Philip Carpenter (Ph.D. 1996, University of Arizona) is a researcher at the Instituto Nacional de Antropología and Historia, Sonora. His interests include ethnohistory and social organization.Guadalupe SánchezGuadalupe Sanchez Miranda (Ph.D. 2010, University of Arizona) is a researcher at the Instituto Nacional de Antropología and Historia, Sonora who specializes in hunters and gatherers of the Sonoran Desert.Rommel Tapia-CarrascoRommel Tapia-Carrasco is a licenciatura student (Pasante) at the Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia affiliated with the Instituto Nacional de Antropología and Historia, with research interests that span from the Mayan region to the Sonoran Desert.Andrew R. KrugAndrew R. Krug (M.A. 2018, University of Missouri) is a Ph.D. student at the University of Oklahoma who focuses on theories of exchange and sourcing methodologies.Edson CupaEdson Cupa is a licenciatura student (Pasante) at the Escuela Nacio","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135817522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2259179
Edward W. Herrmann, Rebecca A. Hawkins, Christina M. Friberg, Jayne-Leigh Thomas, Jack Rossen, August G. Costa
Evidence of precontact agricultural practices demonstrating how and where crops were grown is often scant because of poor preservation and modern land use practices. As a result, relatively few sites have been identified that document farm fields or garden beds. We document remnants of a ridge and furrow agricultural system found at Angel Mounds, an important regional Mississippian site, in Indiana, USA. Researchers have identified many different cultigens from Angel Mounds, but the location, type, and age of fields had not been identified previously. Our research team recovered data indicating that the third terrace of Angel Mounds supported ridge and furrow agriculture where villagers grew maize, beans, and gourds for several centuries. This study suggests that agricultural evidence is extant in buried contexts and that these features are easily overlooked using traditional geophysical and survey techniques.
{"title":"Furrows Without Ridges: Evidence for an Agricultural Field at Angel Mounds (12Vg1), Southwestern Indiana, USA","authors":"Edward W. Herrmann, Rebecca A. Hawkins, Christina M. Friberg, Jayne-Leigh Thomas, Jack Rossen, August G. Costa","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2023.2259179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2259179","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence of precontact agricultural practices demonstrating how and where crops were grown is often scant because of poor preservation and modern land use practices. As a result, relatively few sites have been identified that document farm fields or garden beds. We document remnants of a ridge and furrow agricultural system found at Angel Mounds, an important regional Mississippian site, in Indiana, USA. Researchers have identified many different cultigens from Angel Mounds, but the location, type, and age of fields had not been identified previously. Our research team recovered data indicating that the third terrace of Angel Mounds supported ridge and furrow agriculture where villagers grew maize, beans, and gourds for several centuries. This study suggests that agricultural evidence is extant in buried contexts and that these features are easily overlooked using traditional geophysical and survey techniques.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135864636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2258479
Carmen Ting, Martina Rugiadi, Paul Wordsworth
This study draws on archaeological, stylistic, and technological evidence to explore ceramic and brick production of the medieval Islamic period in the southern Karakum region in Turkmenistan, home to many urban sites along the so-called Silk Roads. We focus on a 9th–12th centuries a.d. assemblage recovered from the site of Dandanakan/Daş Rabat during the first season of ToKa (Town of Karakum project) in 2019. Special emphasis is paid to characterizing the local ceramic fabrics and ceramic technologies through macroscopic examination and petrography, SEM-EDS, and FTIR analyses. Our results show that unglazed and glazed earthenware were manufactured using two local or regional clay outcrops, also employed in the brick kilns detected outside of Dandanakan’s city walls. A different clay was used for the slip of the glazed earthenware. These all had high lead-silica glazes, except for the turquoise glazes detected on both earthen- and siliceous wares.
本研究利用考古、风格和技术证据,探索土库曼斯坦南部卡拉库姆地区中世纪伊斯兰时期的陶瓷和砖生产,该地区是所谓丝绸之路沿线许多城市遗址的所在地。我们专注于2019年ToKa (Town of Karakum项目)第一季期间从Dandanakan/达拉巴特遗址恢复的公元9 - 12世纪的组合。特别强调通过宏观检查和岩石学,SEM-EDS和FTIR分析来表征当地陶瓷织物和陶瓷技术。我们的研究结果表明,无釉和有釉陶器是用两种当地或地区的粘土露头制造的,也用于丹达纳干城墙外检测到的砖窑。一种不同的粘土被用于釉面陶器的滑动。除了在陶器和硅质陶器上检测到的绿松石釉外,这些陶器都含有高铅硅釉。
{"title":"Towards an Integrated Approach to Studying the Stratified Ceramics from Dandanakan/Daş Rabat, Turkmenistan (9th–12th Centuries <scp>a.d.</scp> )","authors":"Carmen Ting, Martina Rugiadi, Paul Wordsworth","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2023.2258479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2258479","url":null,"abstract":"This study draws on archaeological, stylistic, and technological evidence to explore ceramic and brick production of the medieval Islamic period in the southern Karakum region in Turkmenistan, home to many urban sites along the so-called Silk Roads. We focus on a 9th–12th centuries a.d. assemblage recovered from the site of Dandanakan/Daş Rabat during the first season of ToKa (Town of Karakum project) in 2019. Special emphasis is paid to characterizing the local ceramic fabrics and ceramic technologies through macroscopic examination and petrography, SEM-EDS, and FTIR analyses. Our results show that unglazed and glazed earthenware were manufactured using two local or regional clay outcrops, also employed in the brick kilns detected outside of Dandanakan’s city walls. A different clay was used for the slip of the glazed earthenware. These all had high lead-silica glazes, except for the turquoise glazes detected on both earthen- and siliceous wares.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2248572
Briana N. Doering, K. Hladek, M. Herron, Joshua D. Reuther, Julie Esdale, Charles E. Holmes, Gerad M. Smith
ABSTRACT This study explores various testing techniques’ ability to identify activity areas across deeply stratified, open air archaeological sites. To determine the efficacy of different site testing techniques, a systematic ground penetrating radar and auger survey was completed at three sites in central Alaska: Swan Point, Bachner, and Niidhaayh Na’. The results show that both ground penetrating radar and auger survey can indicate subsurface geology, important for sites without exposed vertical deposits. Additionally, systematic auger surveys can be used to identify activity areas at large sites and in components up to 4 m below surface prior to full-scale excavation. This can help archaeologists identify earlier archaeological components and target specific areas that are directly related to their research questions while preserving the rest of the site for future investigations. Compared to traditional shovel testing, auger surveys provide a consistent, efficient, and rigorous method for assessing buried cultural remains.
摘要:本研究探讨了各种测试技术在深层分层露天考古遗址中识别活动区域的能力。为了确定不同地点测试技术的有效性,在阿拉斯加中部的三个地点:Swan Point、Bachner和Niidhaayh Na '完成了系统的探地雷达和螺旋钻调查。结果表明,探地雷达和螺旋钻测量都可以指示地下地质,这对没有暴露的垂直矿床的地点很重要。此外,在全面挖掘之前,系统的螺旋钻测量可用于确定大型场地和地表以下4米的部件的活动区域。这可以帮助考古学家识别早期的考古成分,并针对与他们的研究问题直接相关的特定区域,同时保留遗址的其余部分以供未来调查。与传统的铲式测试相比,螺旋钻调查提供了一种一致、高效、严格的方法来评估埋藏的文化遗迹。
{"title":"Evaluating Systematic Use of Ground Penetrating Radar and Auger Surveys to Determine Activity Areas at Three Open Air Sites in Central Alaska","authors":"Briana N. Doering, K. Hladek, M. Herron, Joshua D. Reuther, Julie Esdale, Charles E. Holmes, Gerad M. Smith","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2023.2248572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2248572","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explores various testing techniques’ ability to identify activity areas across deeply stratified, open air archaeological sites. To determine the efficacy of different site testing techniques, a systematic ground penetrating radar and auger survey was completed at three sites in central Alaska: Swan Point, Bachner, and Niidhaayh Na’. The results show that both ground penetrating radar and auger survey can indicate subsurface geology, important for sites without exposed vertical deposits. Additionally, systematic auger surveys can be used to identify activity areas at large sites and in components up to 4 m below surface prior to full-scale excavation. This can help archaeologists identify earlier archaeological components and target specific areas that are directly related to their research questions while preserving the rest of the site for future investigations. Compared to traditional shovel testing, auger surveys provide a consistent, efficient, and rigorous method for assessing buried cultural remains.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"48 1","pages":"518 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43110948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2248408
J. Breton, B. Coque-Delhuille, C. Edens
ABSTRACT Recent research has produced an increasingly nuanced but still incomplete understanding of Neolithic through Iron Age communities in southwestern Arabia. Present evidence indicates that foraging communities in the lowland interior of Yemen adopted animal herding during the 6th millennium b.c. and irrigation farming during the 3rd millennium b.c. or possibly earlier. Survey in the Wādī Bayḥān area has identified multiple settlement discontinuities. Prehistoric structures in Wādī Ṣurbān reflect episodic occupation, probably by Bronze Age pastoralists. Geomorphological evidence for Bronze Age irrigation systems appears in large valleys; these systems continued into the Iron Age and developed in small valleys. Geomorphological and archaeological evidence suggests an occupation hiatus around 700 b.c. in some larger valleys such as Wādī Ḍurā’. Settlement discontinuities seem to have responded to abrupt climate fluctuations and to regional political history.
{"title":"Settlement Discontinuities in Southwestern Arabia during the Middle and Late Holocene: The Bayḥān (Yemen) Region","authors":"J. Breton, B. Coque-Delhuille, C. Edens","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2023.2248408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2248408","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent research has produced an increasingly nuanced but still incomplete understanding of Neolithic through Iron Age communities in southwestern Arabia. Present evidence indicates that foraging communities in the lowland interior of Yemen adopted animal herding during the 6th millennium b.c. and irrigation farming during the 3rd millennium b.c. or possibly earlier. Survey in the Wādī Bayḥān area has identified multiple settlement discontinuities. Prehistoric structures in Wādī Ṣurbān reflect episodic occupation, probably by Bronze Age pastoralists. Geomorphological evidence for Bronze Age irrigation systems appears in large valleys; these systems continued into the Iron Age and developed in small valleys. Geomorphological and archaeological evidence suggests an occupation hiatus around 700 b.c. in some larger valleys such as Wādī Ḍurā’. Settlement discontinuities seem to have responded to abrupt climate fluctuations and to regional political history.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"48 1","pages":"483 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42821383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}