Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2259179
Edward W. Herrmann, Rebecca A. Hawkins, Christina M. Friberg, Jayne-Leigh Thomas, Jack Rossen, August G. Costa
Evidence of precontact agricultural practices demonstrating how and where crops were grown is often scant because of poor preservation and modern land use practices. As a result, relatively few sites have been identified that document farm fields or garden beds. We document remnants of a ridge and furrow agricultural system found at Angel Mounds, an important regional Mississippian site, in Indiana, USA. Researchers have identified many different cultigens from Angel Mounds, but the location, type, and age of fields had not been identified previously. Our research team recovered data indicating that the third terrace of Angel Mounds supported ridge and furrow agriculture where villagers grew maize, beans, and gourds for several centuries. This study suggests that agricultural evidence is extant in buried contexts and that these features are easily overlooked using traditional geophysical and survey techniques.
{"title":"Furrows Without Ridges: Evidence for an Agricultural Field at Angel Mounds (12Vg1), Southwestern Indiana, USA","authors":"Edward W. Herrmann, Rebecca A. Hawkins, Christina M. Friberg, Jayne-Leigh Thomas, Jack Rossen, August G. Costa","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2023.2259179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2259179","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence of precontact agricultural practices demonstrating how and where crops were grown is often scant because of poor preservation and modern land use practices. As a result, relatively few sites have been identified that document farm fields or garden beds. We document remnants of a ridge and furrow agricultural system found at Angel Mounds, an important regional Mississippian site, in Indiana, USA. Researchers have identified many different cultigens from Angel Mounds, but the location, type, and age of fields had not been identified previously. Our research team recovered data indicating that the third terrace of Angel Mounds supported ridge and furrow agriculture where villagers grew maize, beans, and gourds for several centuries. This study suggests that agricultural evidence is extant in buried contexts and that these features are easily overlooked using traditional geophysical and survey techniques.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135864636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2258479
Carmen Ting, Martina Rugiadi, Paul Wordsworth
This study draws on archaeological, stylistic, and technological evidence to explore ceramic and brick production of the medieval Islamic period in the southern Karakum region in Turkmenistan, home to many urban sites along the so-called Silk Roads. We focus on a 9th–12th centuries a.d. assemblage recovered from the site of Dandanakan/Daş Rabat during the first season of ToKa (Town of Karakum project) in 2019. Special emphasis is paid to characterizing the local ceramic fabrics and ceramic technologies through macroscopic examination and petrography, SEM-EDS, and FTIR analyses. Our results show that unglazed and glazed earthenware were manufactured using two local or regional clay outcrops, also employed in the brick kilns detected outside of Dandanakan’s city walls. A different clay was used for the slip of the glazed earthenware. These all had high lead-silica glazes, except for the turquoise glazes detected on both earthen- and siliceous wares.
本研究利用考古、风格和技术证据，探索土库曼斯坦南部卡拉库姆地区中世纪伊斯兰时期的陶瓷和砖生产，该地区是所谓丝绸之路沿线许多城市遗址的所在地。我们专注于2019年ToKa (Town of Karakum项目)第一季期间从Dandanakan/达拉巴特遗址恢复的公元9 - 12世纪的组合。特别强调通过宏观检查和岩石学，SEM-EDS和FTIR分析来表征当地陶瓷织物和陶瓷技术。我们的研究结果表明，无釉和有釉陶器是用两种当地或地区的粘土露头制造的，也用于丹达纳干城墙外检测到的砖窑。一种不同的粘土被用于釉面陶器的滑动。除了在陶器和硅质陶器上检测到的绿松石釉外，这些陶器都含有高铅硅釉。
{"title":"Towards an Integrated Approach to Studying the Stratified Ceramics from Dandanakan/Daş Rabat, Turkmenistan (9th–12th Centuries <scp>a.d.</scp> )","authors":"Carmen Ting, Martina Rugiadi, Paul Wordsworth","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2023.2258479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2258479","url":null,"abstract":"This study draws on archaeological, stylistic, and technological evidence to explore ceramic and brick production of the medieval Islamic period in the southern Karakum region in Turkmenistan, home to many urban sites along the so-called Silk Roads. We focus on a 9th–12th centuries a.d. assemblage recovered from the site of Dandanakan/Daş Rabat during the first season of ToKa (Town of Karakum project) in 2019. Special emphasis is paid to characterizing the local ceramic fabrics and ceramic technologies through macroscopic examination and petrography, SEM-EDS, and FTIR analyses. Our results show that unglazed and glazed earthenware were manufactured using two local or regional clay outcrops, also employed in the brick kilns detected outside of Dandanakan’s city walls. A different clay was used for the slip of the glazed earthenware. These all had high lead-silica glazes, except for the turquoise glazes detected on both earthen- and siliceous wares.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2248572
Briana N. Doering, K. Hladek, M. Herron, Joshua D. Reuther, Julie Esdale, Charles E. Holmes, Gerad M. Smith
ABSTRACT This study explores various testing techniques’ ability to identify activity areas across deeply stratified, open air archaeological sites. To determine the efficacy of different site testing techniques, a systematic ground penetrating radar and auger survey was completed at three sites in central Alaska: Swan Point, Bachner, and Niidhaayh Na’. The results show that both ground penetrating radar and auger survey can indicate subsurface geology, important for sites without exposed vertical deposits. Additionally, systematic auger surveys can be used to identify activity areas at large sites and in components up to 4 m below surface prior to full-scale excavation. This can help archaeologists identify earlier archaeological components and target specific areas that are directly related to their research questions while preserving the rest of the site for future investigations. Compared to traditional shovel testing, auger surveys provide a consistent, efficient, and rigorous method for assessing buried cultural remains.
摘要:本研究探讨了各种测试技术在深层分层露天考古遗址中识别活动区域的能力。为了确定不同地点测试技术的有效性，在阿拉斯加中部的三个地点:Swan Point、Bachner和Niidhaayh Na '完成了系统的探地雷达和螺旋钻调查。结果表明，探地雷达和螺旋钻测量都可以指示地下地质，这对没有暴露的垂直矿床的地点很重要。此外，在全面挖掘之前，系统的螺旋钻测量可用于确定大型场地和地表以下4米的部件的活动区域。这可以帮助考古学家识别早期的考古成分，并针对与他们的研究问题直接相关的特定区域，同时保留遗址的其余部分以供未来调查。与传统的铲式测试相比，螺旋钻调查提供了一种一致、高效、严格的方法来评估埋藏的文化遗迹。
{"title":"Evaluating Systematic Use of Ground Penetrating Radar and Auger Surveys to Determine Activity Areas at Three Open Air Sites in Central Alaska","authors":"Briana N. Doering, K. Hladek, M. Herron, Joshua D. Reuther, Julie Esdale, Charles E. Holmes, Gerad M. Smith","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2023.2248572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2248572","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explores various testing techniques’ ability to identify activity areas across deeply stratified, open air archaeological sites. To determine the efficacy of different site testing techniques, a systematic ground penetrating radar and auger survey was completed at three sites in central Alaska: Swan Point, Bachner, and Niidhaayh Na’. The results show that both ground penetrating radar and auger survey can indicate subsurface geology, important for sites without exposed vertical deposits. Additionally, systematic auger surveys can be used to identify activity areas at large sites and in components up to 4 m below surface prior to full-scale excavation. This can help archaeologists identify earlier archaeological components and target specific areas that are directly related to their research questions while preserving the rest of the site for future investigations. Compared to traditional shovel testing, auger surveys provide a consistent, efficient, and rigorous method for assessing buried cultural remains.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43110948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2248408
J. Breton, B. Coque-Delhuille, C. Edens
ABSTRACT Recent research has produced an increasingly nuanced but still incomplete understanding of Neolithic through Iron Age communities in southwestern Arabia. Present evidence indicates that foraging communities in the lowland interior of Yemen adopted animal herding during the 6th millennium b.c. and irrigation farming during the 3rd millennium b.c. or possibly earlier. Survey in the Wādī Bayḥān area has identified multiple settlement discontinuities. Prehistoric structures in Wādī Ṣurbān reflect episodic occupation, probably by Bronze Age pastoralists. Geomorphological evidence for Bronze Age irrigation systems appears in large valleys; these systems continued into the Iron Age and developed in small valleys. Geomorphological and archaeological evidence suggests an occupation hiatus around 700 b.c. in some larger valleys such as Wādī Ḍurā’. Settlement discontinuities seem to have responded to abrupt climate fluctuations and to regional political history.
{"title":"Settlement Discontinuities in Southwestern Arabia during the Middle and Late Holocene: The Bayḥān (Yemen) Region","authors":"J. Breton, B. Coque-Delhuille, C. Edens","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2023.2248408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2248408","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent research has produced an increasingly nuanced but still incomplete understanding of Neolithic through Iron Age communities in southwestern Arabia. Present evidence indicates that foraging communities in the lowland interior of Yemen adopted animal herding during the 6th millennium b.c. and irrigation farming during the 3rd millennium b.c. or possibly earlier. Survey in the Wādī Bayḥān area has identified multiple settlement discontinuities. Prehistoric structures in Wādī Ṣurbān reflect episodic occupation, probably by Bronze Age pastoralists. Geomorphological evidence for Bronze Age irrigation systems appears in large valleys; these systems continued into the Iron Age and developed in small valleys. Geomorphological and archaeological evidence suggests an occupation hiatus around 700 b.c. in some larger valleys such as Wādī Ḍurā’. Settlement discontinuities seem to have responded to abrupt climate fluctuations and to regional political history.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42821383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2249332
This article refers to:RETRACTED ARTICLE: Pastoral Paleoclimate Palimpsests of the South-Central Andes: High-Altitude Herder Dwellings in the 2nd Millennium a.d.
本文摘自:《安第斯山脉中南部的古气候重现:公元2000年的高海拔牧民住所》。
{"title":"Statement of Retraction: <b>Pastoral Paleoclimate Palimpsests of the South-Central Andes: High-Altitude Herder Dwellings in the 2nd Millennium a.d.</b>","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2023.2249332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2249332","url":null,"abstract":"This article refers to:RETRACTED ARTICLE: Pastoral Paleoclimate Palimpsests of the South-Central Andes: High-Altitude Herder Dwellings in the 2nd Millennium a.d.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135465965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2243692
Evita Kalogiropoulou, N. Saridaki, D. Roussos, N. Kyparissi‐Apostolika
ABSTRACT This paper examines, in parallel, two key archaeological material groups: the kilns and the ceramics from the exceptional tell site of Imvrou Pigadi, the first known and systematically excavated Middle Neolithic pottery workshop in Thessaly. The study forms an all-encompassing, material-based, and scientifically integrated framework based on macroscopic and microscopic analyses, including typological classification and geoarchaeology with an emphasis on micromorphology, as well as an examination of spatial organization. Direct and indirect evidence for standardization and specialization in technology and production practices points to advanced pyrotechnological knowledge and expertise in pottery manufacture at the site. Moreover, the paper examines the social interplay developed around pottery production by discussing cooperation and the organization of social space within the community. Overall, this analysis touches upon the discussion of the wider community of pottery manufacturing centers in Neolithic Thessaly and places the site within its cultural context, offering new insights into craftsmanship and social reciprocity.
{"title":"Craftmanship, Operation, and the Configuration of Social Space: The Case of the Middle Neolithic Pottery Workshop Site of Imvrou Pigadi, Thessaly, Greece","authors":"Evita Kalogiropoulou, N. Saridaki, D. Roussos, N. Kyparissi‐Apostolika","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2023.2243692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2243692","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines, in parallel, two key archaeological material groups: the kilns and the ceramics from the exceptional tell site of Imvrou Pigadi, the first known and systematically excavated Middle Neolithic pottery workshop in Thessaly. The study forms an all-encompassing, material-based, and scientifically integrated framework based on macroscopic and microscopic analyses, including typological classification and geoarchaeology with an emphasis on micromorphology, as well as an examination of spatial organization. Direct and indirect evidence for standardization and specialization in technology and production practices points to advanced pyrotechnological knowledge and expertise in pottery manufacture at the site. Moreover, the paper examines the social interplay developed around pottery production by discussing cooperation and the organization of social space within the community. Overall, this analysis touches upon the discussion of the wider community of pottery manufacturing centers in Neolithic Thessaly and places the site within its cultural context, offering new insights into craftsmanship and social reciprocity.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46141369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2240993
K. Chondros, Rozalia Christidou, S. Triantaphyllou, S. Andreou
ABSTRACT We present two significant patterns of osseous artifact production during the Final Late Bronze Age at the settlement mound of Thessaloniki Toumba in the northeastern Thermaic Gulf region in northern Greece and compare with data published from the same and neighboring regions. One pattern is the use of long bone fractures for shaping awls. The other is the production of pins from deer antlers. Awl manufacturing is consistent with the practice of the use of broken bones for a variety of tools, which had been common since the Early Bronze Age. The antler pins and some rare, elaborate objects, such as barbed-and-tanged points and horse bits, indicate innovation and interactions across different spatial scales toward the end of the Bronze Age. Research into the manufacturing processes may provide a more detailed understanding of the cultural and technological significance of these artifacts.
{"title":"Long Bones and Antlers for Artifact Production in the Final Late Bronze Age Settlement of Thessaloniki Toumba (Northern Greece, 1210–1040 cal b.c.)","authors":"K. Chondros, Rozalia Christidou, S. Triantaphyllou, S. Andreou","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2023.2240993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2240993","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We present two significant patterns of osseous artifact production during the Final Late Bronze Age at the settlement mound of Thessaloniki Toumba in the northeastern Thermaic Gulf region in northern Greece and compare with data published from the same and neighboring regions. One pattern is the use of long bone fractures for shaping awls. The other is the production of pins from deer antlers. Awl manufacturing is consistent with the practice of the use of broken bones for a variety of tools, which had been common since the Early Bronze Age. The antler pins and some rare, elaborate objects, such as barbed-and-tanged points and horse bits, indicate innovation and interactions across different spatial scales toward the end of the Bronze Age. Research into the manufacturing processes may provide a more detailed understanding of the cultural and technological significance of these artifacts.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47558276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2232703
Carla E. Klehm, M. Helper, E. Hildebrand, E. Ndiema, K. Grillo
ABSTRACT This article describes the mineralogy and sources for a spectacular stone bead industry associated with the first pastoralists in eastern Africa ca. 5000–4000 cal b.p. Around Lake Turkana, northwest Kenya, early pastoralists constructed at least seven mortuary monuments with platforms, pillars, cairns, and stone circles. Three sites—Lothagam North, Manemanya, and Jarigole—have yielded assemblages of stone and ostrich eggshell beads that adorned interred individuals. Mineralogical identification of the stone beads reveals patterns of material selection, including notable differences among the pillar sites. Geological sourcing indicates use of many local raw materials and two (amazonite and fluorite) whose known sources lie > 200 km away. The data suggest that bead-making represented a significant investment by early pastoralists in personal ornamentation. New sociopolitical factors emerged, such as access to grazing grounds and water, and definitions of self and society manifested in novel mortuary traditions as people coped with a drying, cooling climate.
这篇文章描述了一个壮观的石珠产业的矿物学和来源，该产业与非洲东部最早的牧民有关，大约公元前5000-4000 cal .在肯尼亚西北部的图尔卡纳湖周围，早期的牧民建造了至少7座带有平台、柱子、石冢和石圈的墓地。洛塔加姆北、曼内曼亚和贾里戈尔三个遗址出土了装饰被埋葬的人的石头和鸵鸟蛋壳珠的组合。石珠的矿物学鉴定揭示了材料选择的模式，包括柱点之间的显着差异。地质来源表明使用了许多当地原料和两种(亚马逊石和萤石)，其已知来源在100至200公里以外。数据表明，制作头饰代表了早期牧民在个人装饰方面的重大投资。新的社会政治因素出现了，比如获得牧场和水源的途径，以及在人们应对干燥、凉爽的气候时，在新的殡葬传统中表现出的自我和社会的定义。
{"title":"Mineralogy and Sourcing of a Stone Bead Industry Found in Communal Cemeteries Associated with Eastern Africa's First Pastoralists, ca. 5000 b.p.","authors":"Carla E. Klehm, M. Helper, E. Hildebrand, E. Ndiema, K. Grillo","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2023.2232703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2232703","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article describes the mineralogy and sources for a spectacular stone bead industry associated with the first pastoralists in eastern Africa ca. 5000–4000 cal b.p. Around Lake Turkana, northwest Kenya, early pastoralists constructed at least seven mortuary monuments with platforms, pillars, cairns, and stone circles. Three sites—Lothagam North, Manemanya, and Jarigole—have yielded assemblages of stone and ostrich eggshell beads that adorned interred individuals. Mineralogical identification of the stone beads reveals patterns of material selection, including notable differences among the pillar sites. Geological sourcing indicates use of many local raw materials and two (amazonite and fluorite) whose known sources lie > 200 km away. The data suggest that bead-making represented a significant investment by early pastoralists in personal ornamentation. New sociopolitical factors emerged, such as access to grazing grounds and water, and definitions of self and society manifested in novel mortuary traditions as people coped with a drying, cooling climate.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46078602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2219102
G. Leader, Rachel Bynoe, Theodore Marks, A. Stone, Kaarina Efraim, D. Stratford, E. Marais
ABSTRACT Namib IV (S23° 44.829’, E14° 19.720’) is frequently cited, as it is one of few Earlier Stone Age sites in the Sand Sea of the Namib Desert. The site was first investigated in 1978 by Myra Shackley, who described 582 artifacts on the surface of a pan as representing an Acheulean butchery site. Descriptions of the artifacts, their number, and area were inconsistently reported. Recently rediscovered, the site of Namib IV is a rare example of a tool-rich and fossil fauna-bearing pan system in the Namib Sand Sea. This project aims to investigate when, how, and under what environmental conditions hominins utilized these landscapes. This article presents the first archaeological research conducted at the site in over 40 years. Typological and technological data was collected from surface-exposed artifacts and large cutting tools (LCTs) and compared to Shackley’s assemblage. Data demonstrate that her collection is representative of the Namib IV site and raise many new questions about the original research and the site.
{"title":"Revisiting the Acheulean at Namib IV in the Namib Desert, Namibia","authors":"G. Leader, Rachel Bynoe, Theodore Marks, A. Stone, Kaarina Efraim, D. Stratford, E. Marais","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2023.2219102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2023.2219102","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Namib IV (S23° 44.829’, E14° 19.720’) is frequently cited, as it is one of few Earlier Stone Age sites in the Sand Sea of the Namib Desert. The site was first investigated in 1978 by Myra Shackley, who described 582 artifacts on the surface of a pan as representing an Acheulean butchery site. Descriptions of the artifacts, their number, and area were inconsistently reported. Recently rediscovered, the site of Namib IV is a rare example of a tool-rich and fossil fauna-bearing pan system in the Namib Sand Sea. This project aims to investigate when, how, and under what environmental conditions hominins utilized these landscapes. This article presents the first archaeological research conducted at the site in over 40 years. Typological and technological data was collected from surface-exposed artifacts and large cutting tools (LCTs) and compared to Shackley’s assemblage. Data demonstrate that her collection is representative of the Namib IV site and raise many new questions about the original research and the site.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47080175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2023.2221520
Jonathan M. Schaefer, S. Eckert, D. Huntley, J. Ferguson
ABSTRACT The Gallinas Mountains of west-central New Mexico were home to agriculturalists between ca. a.d. 850 and 1450. Ongoing research of the Lion Mountain Archaeology Project (LMAP) has allowed for in-field analysis of surface obsidian artifacts via portable handheld energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF). Influenced by principles of preservation archaeology and the archaeological repository curation crisis, the LMAP has sought to design and conduct field research to gather the most data with the least amount of impact to sites. Non-destructive in-field analysis via portable handheld ED-XRF subscribes to these goals while also providing answers to significant questions about human behavior. Results show that variable patterns of obsidian source utilization and procurement strategies existed both through time and between contemporaneous populations. These results are indicative of a shifting system of exchange and social interaction between residents of the region and surrounding areas during the Ancestral Pueblo occupation of the area.
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