Pub Date : 2022-10-23DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2135066
C. Sciuto, F. Cantini, R. Chapoulie, Corentin Cou, Hortense De la Codre, G. Gattiglia, Xavier Granier, A. Mounier, V. Palleschi, Germana Sorrentino, S. Raneri
ABSTRACT This paper discusses the use of a small ultraportable hyperspectral camera in the VIS-NIR (Visible-Near Infrared) range for archaeological fieldwork and its hardware, data processing workflows, and spectral information that can be used for in situ screening. Hyperspectral imaging is a widespread, non-destructive analytical technique used in various disciplines for highlighting invisible patterns and mapping the spectral signatures of selected targets. In archaeology, it has mostly been applied for remote sensing satellite imagery to uncover information about features that are hidden underground. Targeted applications of hyperspectral imaging have been developed in the last few years, opening new perspectives for material analysis based on spectral mapping. Recent advances in portable instrumentation have led to the development of small and rugged cameras that can be used directly in the field for investigating different materials.
{"title":"What Lies Beyond Sight? Applications of Ultraportable Hyperspectral Imaging (VIS-NIR) for Archaeological Fieldwork","authors":"C. Sciuto, F. Cantini, R. Chapoulie, Corentin Cou, Hortense De la Codre, G. Gattiglia, Xavier Granier, A. Mounier, V. Palleschi, Germana Sorrentino, S. Raneri","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2135066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2135066","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper discusses the use of a small ultraportable hyperspectral camera in the VIS-NIR (Visible-Near Infrared) range for archaeological fieldwork and its hardware, data processing workflows, and spectral information that can be used for in situ screening. Hyperspectral imaging is a widespread, non-destructive analytical technique used in various disciplines for highlighting invisible patterns and mapping the spectral signatures of selected targets. In archaeology, it has mostly been applied for remote sensing satellite imagery to uncover information about features that are hidden underground. Targeted applications of hyperspectral imaging have been developed in the last few years, opening new perspectives for material analysis based on spectral mapping. Recent advances in portable instrumentation have led to the development of small and rugged cameras that can be used directly in the field for investigating different materials.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"47 1","pages":"522 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45996808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2128549
P. Demján, P. Pavúk, C. Roosevelt
ABSTRACT Ceramics are one of the commonest sources of archaeological information, yet their abundance often confounds documentation and analysis. This article presents a new method of documenting and analyzing ceramics that includes laser-aided profile measurement to capture ceramic shape and other information quickly and accurately, resulting in digital outputs suitable for both publication and morphometric analysis. Linked software and database solutions enable unsupervised machine learning to cluster shapes based on similarity, eventually assisting typological analysis. Following an overview of current practices in ceramic recording and both standard and computational shape classification analyses, the new approach is discussed in full as a documentary and analytical tool. A case study from the Middle and Late Bronze Age site of Kaymakçı in western Anatolia demonstrates the benefits of the recording method and helps show that a combination of automated and manual shape clustering techniques currently remains the best practice in ceramic shape classification.
{"title":"Laser-Aided Profile Measurement and Cluster Analysis of Ceramic Shapes","authors":"P. Demján, P. Pavúk, C. Roosevelt","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2128549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2128549","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ceramics are one of the commonest sources of archaeological information, yet their abundance often confounds documentation and analysis. This article presents a new method of documenting and analyzing ceramics that includes laser-aided profile measurement to capture ceramic shape and other information quickly and accurately, resulting in digital outputs suitable for both publication and morphometric analysis. Linked software and database solutions enable unsupervised machine learning to cluster shapes based on similarity, eventually assisting typological analysis. Following an overview of current practices in ceramic recording and both standard and computational shape classification analyses, the new approach is discussed in full as a documentary and analytical tool. A case study from the Middle and Late Bronze Age site of Kaymakçı in western Anatolia demonstrates the benefits of the recording method and helps show that a combination of automated and manual shape clustering techniques currently remains the best practice in ceramic shape classification.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"48 1","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41741115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2126920
Maurizio Forte, I. Trinks, A. Hinterleitner, M. Klein, A. LoPiano, Katherine McCusker, Hannes Schiel, I. Schlögel, Tanja Trausmuth, Alexandra Vonkilch, M. Wallner, W. Neubauer
ABSTRACT Vulci (Viterbo Province, Italy) was one of the most important Etruscan city-states in the 1st millennium b.c. and became a Roman city in 280 b.c. The habitation site had over 1500 years of continuous life and a very large funerary area around the volcanic plateau. An international research cooperation investigated the site in 2014–2019 using remote sensing technologies and conducting archaeological excavations in the urban area. This paper presents the integrated application of remote sensing methods, which include multispectral unmanned aerial vehicles, aerial photography, and high-resolution georadar measurements. The multimodal application of active and passive sensors permitted a multilayered identification of archaeological features and led to substantial new interpretations of the rich archaeological landscape, which calls for a reconsideration of traditional scholarly narratives of Vulci’s history.
{"title":"Multimodal Remote Sensing Applications in the Etruscan-Roman City of Vulci","authors":"Maurizio Forte, I. Trinks, A. Hinterleitner, M. Klein, A. LoPiano, Katherine McCusker, Hannes Schiel, I. Schlögel, Tanja Trausmuth, Alexandra Vonkilch, M. Wallner, W. Neubauer","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2126920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2126920","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Vulci (Viterbo Province, Italy) was one of the most important Etruscan city-states in the 1st millennium b.c. and became a Roman city in 280 b.c. The habitation site had over 1500 years of continuous life and a very large funerary area around the volcanic plateau. An international research cooperation investigated the site in 2014–2019 using remote sensing technologies and conducting archaeological excavations in the urban area. This paper presents the integrated application of remote sensing methods, which include multispectral unmanned aerial vehicles, aerial photography, and high-resolution georadar measurements. The multimodal application of active and passive sensors permitted a multilayered identification of archaeological features and led to substantial new interpretations of the rich archaeological landscape, which calls for a reconsideration of traditional scholarly narratives of Vulci’s history.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"47 1","pages":"501 - 521"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48240977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2078042
T. Forssman, Trent Seiler, Antoine Rossouw, C. Ashley
ABSTRACT Holocene foragers in southern Africa were mobile, stone-tool-using, hunting and gathering communities that lived in rock shelters and in the open in temporary campsites. From the early 1st millennium a.d., farmer groups migrated into southern Africa and introduced domesticated crops, livestock, and metal technology into the region and lived in fixed homesteads. Differences in the material culture and residential habits of these two communities are distinct and largely differentiable. As such, studying their interactions is possible through the analysis of material culture and its context. Here, we present the findings from Euphorbia Kop in the middle Limpopo Valley of central southern Africa that contains several strands of evidence indicating a forager presence within a farmer settlement identified by several distinct cultural markers. Our findings demonstrate a response to contact not well recorded in the region that offers a possible explanation for the decline and eventual disappearance of forager remains in rock-shelter contexts beginning in the early 2nd millennium a.d.
{"title":"Social Landscapes of Euphorbia Kop: A K2 Farmer Settlement with a Forager Presence in Southern Africa","authors":"T. Forssman, Trent Seiler, Antoine Rossouw, C. Ashley","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2078042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2078042","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Holocene foragers in southern Africa were mobile, stone-tool-using, hunting and gathering communities that lived in rock shelters and in the open in temporary campsites. From the early 1st millennium a.d., farmer groups migrated into southern Africa and introduced domesticated crops, livestock, and metal technology into the region and lived in fixed homesteads. Differences in the material culture and residential habits of these two communities are distinct and largely differentiable. As such, studying their interactions is possible through the analysis of material culture and its context. Here, we present the findings from Euphorbia Kop in the middle Limpopo Valley of central southern Africa that contains several strands of evidence indicating a forager presence within a farmer settlement identified by several distinct cultural markers. Our findings demonstrate a response to contact not well recorded in the region that offers a possible explanation for the decline and eventual disappearance of forager remains in rock-shelter contexts beginning in the early 2nd millennium a.d.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"47 1","pages":"421 - 434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43082927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2099608
C. Boschetti, J. Jacobsen, C. P. Presicce, R. Raja, N. Schibille, M. Vitti
ABSTRACT Italy had a prominent role in the Renaissance European glass market, thanks to three centers of production located in Venice, Tuscany, and Liguria. The substantial amount of glass finds excavated in the 16th-century a.d. dumps of the Forum of Caesar is the object of this first interdisciplinary study of glass from Renaissance Rome. The typology reveals the predominance of medical containers, followed by tableware with parallels in Tuscan productions and a few Venetian-style vessels. The identification of medical vessels confirms the nature of the dump, which formed in connection with a hospital. The trace-element analysis (LA-ICP-MS) distinguishes four different base glasses, of which at least three have a Tuscan provenance. Only one find is Venetian in composition, while the rest of the fine vessels are Tuscan imitations of Venetian styles. The results obtained confirm the literary sources that document the commercial links between Tuscan glass producers and the Pontifical state.
摘要意大利拥有威尼斯、托斯卡纳和利古里亚三个生产中心，在文艺复兴时期的欧洲玻璃市场上占有重要地位。在公元16世纪凯撒论坛（Forum of Caesar）的垃圾堆中发现的大量玻璃是这项对文艺复兴时期罗马玻璃的首次跨学科研究的对象。类型学揭示了医疗容器的主导地位，其次是托斯卡纳生产的类似餐具和一些威尼斯风格的器皿。医疗船的鉴定证实了与医院有关的垃圾场的性质。微量元素分析（LA-ICP-MS）区分了四种不同的基底玻璃，其中至少有三种来自托斯卡纳。只有一件作品的构图是威尼斯式的，而其余的精美器皿都是托斯卡纳风格的威尼斯仿制品。所获得的结果证实了记载托斯卡纳玻璃生产商与宗座国之间商业联系的文献来源。
{"title":"Renaissance Rome and the Italian Glass Connection: 16th-Century a.d. Hospital Dumps in the Forum of Caesar","authors":"C. Boschetti, J. Jacobsen, C. P. Presicce, R. Raja, N. Schibille, M. Vitti","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2099608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2099608","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Italy had a prominent role in the Renaissance European glass market, thanks to three centers of production located in Venice, Tuscany, and Liguria. The substantial amount of glass finds excavated in the 16th-century a.d. dumps of the Forum of Caesar is the object of this first interdisciplinary study of glass from Renaissance Rome. The typology reveals the predominance of medical containers, followed by tableware with parallels in Tuscan productions and a few Venetian-style vessels. The identification of medical vessels confirms the nature of the dump, which formed in connection with a hospital. The trace-element analysis (LA-ICP-MS) distinguishes four different base glasses, of which at least three have a Tuscan provenance. Only one find is Venetian in composition, while the rest of the fine vessels are Tuscan imitations of Venetian styles. The results obtained confirm the literary sources that document the commercial links between Tuscan glass producers and the Pontifical state.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"48 1","pages":"73 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46857513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2099614
Ignasi Grau Mira, Julia Sarabia-Bautista
ABSTRACT This paper presents the ancient settlement pattern and rural landscape recognized in the archaeological survey of the Upper Vinalopó Valley (Alicante Province, eastern Spain). The archaeological fieldwork was assisted by geospatial techniques such as GIS, lidar, GPS, and GPR that allowed analyzing the obtained results along multiple scales. Through this data, we analyze the occupation dynamics and ancient land use during ancient times (2nd century b.c.–3rd century a.d.), attending especially to the intensification process linked to agrarian practices such as manuring. In this sense, the historical dynamics of the region are recognized and compared within a regional framework. In addition, we propose a socio-economic organization of agricultural work that contributes to the global discussion of intensification processes and agrarian strategies worldwide.
{"title":"Multiscaled Archaeological Survey in Eastern Iberia: Ancient Settlement Dynamics, Agrarian Practices, and Rural Landscapes","authors":"Ignasi Grau Mira, Julia Sarabia-Bautista","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2099614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2099614","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents the ancient settlement pattern and rural landscape recognized in the archaeological survey of the Upper Vinalopó Valley (Alicante Province, eastern Spain). The archaeological fieldwork was assisted by geospatial techniques such as GIS, lidar, GPS, and GPR that allowed analyzing the obtained results along multiple scales. Through this data, we analyze the occupation dynamics and ancient land use during ancient times (2nd century b.c.–3rd century a.d.), attending especially to the intensification process linked to agrarian practices such as manuring. In this sense, the historical dynamics of the region are recognized and compared within a regional framework. In addition, we propose a socio-economic organization of agricultural work that contributes to the global discussion of intensification processes and agrarian strategies worldwide.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"47 1","pages":"471 - 485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42182700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2092689
Christoph Nitsche, G. Schreurs, V. Serneels
ABSTRACT The production of lathe-turned tripod vessels made from softstone is one of the major features of the so-called Rasikajy population that inhabited northern Madagascar from the ca. 8th to the late 15th century a.d. The raw material for the vessels was quarried in the hinterland, and over 30 quarries have recently been visited, documented and sampled. The quarry of Bobalila is the first to ever be excavated, and a large sample suite was taken for petrological analysis. The results reveal significant mineralogical and chemical variation that is almost as large as the variation between all other quarries in northern Madagascar. The underlying processes could affect other softstones and should be considered in provenance attempts. Nonetheless, the petrographic study has permitted us to understand and characterize the type of material that was sought-after by Rasikajy workers, which can now be easily distinguished from other softstone vessels in the Indian Ocean trade network.
{"title":"The Enigmatic Softstone Vessels of Northern Madagascar: Petrological Investigations of a Medieval Quarry","authors":"Christoph Nitsche, G. Schreurs, V. Serneels","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2092689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2092689","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The production of lathe-turned tripod vessels made from softstone is one of the major features of the so-called Rasikajy population that inhabited northern Madagascar from the ca. 8th to the late 15th century a.d. The raw material for the vessels was quarried in the hinterland, and over 30 quarries have recently been visited, documented and sampled. The quarry of Bobalila is the first to ever be excavated, and a large sample suite was taken for petrological analysis. The results reveal significant mineralogical and chemical variation that is almost as large as the variation between all other quarries in northern Madagascar. The underlying processes could affect other softstones and should be considered in provenance attempts. Nonetheless, the petrographic study has permitted us to understand and characterize the type of material that was sought-after by Rasikajy workers, which can now be easily distinguished from other softstone vessels in the Indian Ocean trade network.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"48 1","pages":"55 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43132770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2092265
Abay Namen, P. Schmidt, Aristeidis Varis, Z. Taimagambetov, Radu Iovita
ABSTRACT Only a handful of stratified sites are known in loess, spring, and river contexts in the northern piedmonts of the Tian Shan, and the majority are dated to the Upper Palaeolithic. These sites have been studied from a geoarchaeological perspective; however, lithic procurement activities remain unknown. To address this deficiency, we present the results of the extensive field surveys aimed at locating prehistoric raw material sources in the Inner Asian Mountain Corridor of Kazakhstan. We also provide a detailed petrographic description of the lithologies exploited during the Palaeolithic of Kazakhstan. Based on the field survey results, combined with petrographic data, we conclude that the direct procurement strategy was the most common at the stratified sites. However, evidence of both direct and embedded procurement is found in the northern piedmonts of the Ili Alatau range at the site of Maibulaq. Additionally, we highlight the variation of chert lithologies within the larger Qaratau region, laying a foundation for future provenance studies.
{"title":"Preference for Porphyry: Petrographic Insights into Lithic Raw Material Procurement from Palaeolithic Kazakhstan","authors":"Abay Namen, P. Schmidt, Aristeidis Varis, Z. Taimagambetov, Radu Iovita","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2092265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2092265","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Only a handful of stratified sites are known in loess, spring, and river contexts in the northern piedmonts of the Tian Shan, and the majority are dated to the Upper Palaeolithic. These sites have been studied from a geoarchaeological perspective; however, lithic procurement activities remain unknown. To address this deficiency, we present the results of the extensive field surveys aimed at locating prehistoric raw material sources in the Inner Asian Mountain Corridor of Kazakhstan. We also provide a detailed petrographic description of the lithologies exploited during the Palaeolithic of Kazakhstan. Based on the field survey results, combined with petrographic data, we conclude that the direct procurement strategy was the most common at the stratified sites. However, evidence of both direct and embedded procurement is found in the northern piedmonts of the Ili Alatau range at the site of Maibulaq. Additionally, we highlight the variation of chert lithologies within the larger Qaratau region, laying a foundation for future provenance studies.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"47 1","pages":"435 - 450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47471302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2090747
G. Waselkov, D. A. Beebe, Howard J. Cyr, E. Chamberlain, J. Mehta, E. Nelson
ABSTRACT Local lore has long identified an entrenched feature crossing Fort Morgan peninsula on Alabama’s Gulf of Mexico coast (USA) as an ancient canoe canal, a folk identification now confirmed by archival, artifactual, geochronological, geoarchaeological, and hydrological evidence. A 1.39 km canal (site 1BA709) linked two estuaries, Oyster Bay and Little Lagoon, connecting Mobile Bay to the Gulf of Mexico late in the Middle Woodland period, ca. a.d. 600. Construction of such a large hydraulic engineering feature by a non-agricultural, non-hierarchical society seems unusual but not inconsistent with the sorts of monumental landscape alterations accomplished more routinely by other Woodland populations in eastern North America. Although such canals certainly expedited local travel, communication, and transport, their construction and use had broader social ramifications.
{"title":"History and Hydrology: Engineering Canoe Canals in the Estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico","authors":"G. Waselkov, D. A. Beebe, Howard J. Cyr, E. Chamberlain, J. Mehta, E. Nelson","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2090747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2090747","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Local lore has long identified an entrenched feature crossing Fort Morgan peninsula on Alabama’s Gulf of Mexico coast (USA) as an ancient canoe canal, a folk identification now confirmed by archival, artifactual, geochronological, geoarchaeological, and hydrological evidence. A 1.39 km canal (site 1BA709) linked two estuaries, Oyster Bay and Little Lagoon, connecting Mobile Bay to the Gulf of Mexico late in the Middle Woodland period, ca. a.d. 600. Construction of such a large hydraulic engineering feature by a non-agricultural, non-hierarchical society seems unusual but not inconsistent with the sorts of monumental landscape alterations accomplished more routinely by other Woodland populations in eastern North America. Although such canals certainly expedited local travel, communication, and transport, their construction and use had broader social ramifications.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"47 1","pages":"486 - 500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49161787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2022.2087993
George F. Lau, M. L. Dávila, Jacob L. Bongers, D. Chicoine
ABSTRACT This article examines the rise of native, segmentary lordships in the highlands of north-central Peru. It reports on new excavations and mapping at the seat of a prehispanic polity, Pashash (Recuay culture), a large hilltop center that developed after the collapse of Chavín civilization. Fieldwork revealed monumental constructions and two special activity contexts radiocarbon-dated to ca. a.d. 200–400: an offering area in a large palatial compound and a room-complex with chambers closed off and sealed with feasting refuse. Multiple lines of evidence help reconstruct a regional picture for the establishment of wealthy local elites. Cultural innovations explicitly link new leaders to roles in defense and warfare, economic production, and early burial cult within a high-status compound. The current data underscore a major break from earlier systems of authority and elite material culture, comprising an organizational pattern that was a precursor to the ethnic polities that predominated in later Andean prehistory.
{"title":"The Rise of Native Lordships at Pashash, a.d. 200–600, North Highlands of Ancash, Peru","authors":"George F. Lau, M. L. Dávila, Jacob L. Bongers, D. Chicoine","doi":"10.1080/00934690.2022.2087993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2022.2087993","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the rise of native, segmentary lordships in the highlands of north-central Peru. It reports on new excavations and mapping at the seat of a prehispanic polity, Pashash (Recuay culture), a large hilltop center that developed after the collapse of Chavín civilization. Fieldwork revealed monumental constructions and two special activity contexts radiocarbon-dated to ca. a.d. 200–400: an offering area in a large palatial compound and a room-complex with chambers closed off and sealed with feasting refuse. Multiple lines of evidence help reconstruct a regional picture for the establishment of wealthy local elites. Cultural innovations explicitly link new leaders to roles in defense and warfare, economic production, and early burial cult within a high-status compound. The current data underscore a major break from earlier systems of authority and elite material culture, comprising an organizational pattern that was a precursor to the ethnic polities that predominated in later Andean prehistory.","PeriodicalId":47452,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"48 1","pages":"36 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41914366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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