The rapid growth of global trade has increased seaport congestion, environmental degradation, and logistics inefficiencies. These challenges directly impact economic growth, environmental sustainability, and social well-being in port regions. Inland port sustainability has emerged as a critical solution for addressing these challenges by reducing congestion and emissions, as well as enhancing logistical efficiency, sustainable mobility, and environmental performance. While existing research has explored various aspects of inland ports, there is a notable lack of comprehensive understanding of their sustainability practices, particularly regarding the integration of environmental, social, and economic dimensions across different geographic contexts. This paper presents a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles on inland port sustainability published between 2012 and 2024. It examines inland port definitions, identifies key topics and subtopics, evaluates research methodologies, identifies geographic distribution, and outlines existing gaps. Key topics include “Inland Ports Sustainability and Environmental Performance,” “Supply Chain and Logistics,” and “Inland Port Development and Assessment.” Most articles focus on Asia and Europe, particularly China, with a significant gap in studies on North and South American inland ports. This local-to-global review ensures transferable insights for stakeholders in various regions. The review reveals critical gaps in the field, such as a need for standardized sustainability metrics, improved stakeholder collaboration, advanced risk and resilience management, emerging technologies adoption, and the incorporation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals for sustainable inland port establishment. These findings are vital for policymakers, seaport authorities, and researchers in developing more sustainable and resilient inland port systems globally.
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