<p>Recent events have revealed two global crises—one, the COVID-19 pandemic and related quarantine measures, and two, police violence against Black individuals and subsequent protests. Both reveal how anti-blackness is global, and how populations racialized as Black are forever suspect and marginalized. As a Black woman who has researched race and racism in France for over a decade, I see how these two crises present themselves in France as indictive of how anti-blackness manifests globally.</p><p>On April 18, 2020, in Villeneuve-la-Garenne, a <i>banlieue</i><sup>1</sup> in the Hauts-de-Seine <i>département</i> north of Paris, Mouldi, a 30-year-old man, left his apartment and went on a brief ride on his moped to get some air that evening. He later admitted he did not have the proper <i>attestation</i>, or signed certificate needed in order to travel more than five kilometers from one's home during France's COVID-19-related quarantine period. He quickly collided with a police car. Accounts vary, but some residents felt the officers purposely opened the police car door as Mouldi approached, causing him multiple injuries including a broken leg. In the immediate days afterwards, some residents burned cars and buildings and shot fireworks and police fired teargas at protestors in both Villeneuve-la-Garenne and nearby <i>banlieues</i>. As one French analysis put it, this is revolt against “the police who control them all year round, who ‘tutoyer’ them,<sup>2</sup> who insult them, who violate them” (Ramdani <span>2020</span>; <i>Le Parisien</i> <span>2020</span>). From his hospital bed, Mouldi appealed for calm (<i>Le Parisien</i> <span>2020</span>; McAuley <span>2020a</span>; Ramdani <span>2020</span>).</p><p>This incident reflects both the confinement of marginalized populations, even before COVID-19 as I discuss below, as well as the tenuous relations between racial and ethnic minorities—or visible minorities in French parlance—and the police. COVID-19 has illustrated various racial and ethnic inequalities, or the general marginalization of Black individuals, and the global attention to the death of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, has illustrated the persistence of anti-Black violence around the world.</p><p>In an interview in March with <i>Mediapart</i> (a French online journal), Youcef Brakini, an activist working with Comité Vérité et Justice pour Adama, stated “all year round, the <i>quartiers populaires</i> [working-class neighborhoods] are confined” (Polloni <span>2020</span>). Between March 17th and May 11th, France was under lockdown, or <i>l’état d'urgence sanitaire</i> (state of health emergency), to reduce the spread of COVID-19.<sup>1</sup> During this period, residents could be asked for their identification and reason for being outside, and fined by police for not having the proper <i>attestation</i>.</p><p>Residents of various <i>quartiers populaires</i> and <i>banlieues</i>, particularly in the Seine-Saint-Denis and Hauts-de-Seine <i>d
最近的事件揭示了两个全球危机——一个是新冠肺炎大流行和相关隔离措施，另一个是警察对黑人的暴力行为和随后的抗议活动。两者都揭示了反黑人是如何全球化的，以及作为黑人的种族化人口是如何永远受到怀疑和边缘化的。作为一名研究法国种族和种族主义十多年的黑人女性，我认为这两次危机在法国的表现表明了反黑人在全球的表现。2020年4月18日，在巴黎北部上塞纳省的Villeneuve la Garenne郊区，一名30岁的男子Mouldi离开了自己的公寓，当晚骑着轻便摩托车去散透气。他后来承认，在法国与新冠肺炎相关的隔离期内，他没有从家出发超过五公里所需的适当证明或签名证书。他迅速与一辆警车相撞。说法各不相同，但一些居民认为，当莫尔迪走近时，警察故意打开警车车门，导致他多处受伤，包括一条腿骨折。在随后的几天里，一些居民焚烧汽车和建筑物，燃放烟花，警察向维伦纽夫-拉加伦和附近郊区的抗议者发射催泪瓦斯。正如法国的一项分析所说，这是对“常年控制他们的警察，他们‘图托耶’他们，2侮辱他们，侵犯他们”的反抗（Ramdani 2020；《巴黎人报》2020）。莫尔迪在病床上呼吁大家保持冷静（《巴黎人报》2020；麦考利2020a；拉姆达尼2020）。这一事件既反映了即使在新冠肺炎之前对边缘化人口的限制，正如我下面讨论的那样，也反映了种族和少数民族——法国议会中可见的少数民族——与警方之间脆弱的关系。新冠肺炎表明了各种种族和民族不平等，或黑人普遍边缘化，全球对2020年5月25日乔治·弗洛伊德之死的关注表明了世界各地反黑人暴力的持续存在。
{"title":"Underlying Conditions: Global Anti-Blackness Amid COVID-19","authors":"Jean Beaman","doi":"10.1111/cico.12519","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cico.12519","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent events have revealed two global crises—one, the COVID-19 pandemic and related quarantine measures, and two, police violence against Black individuals and subsequent protests. Both reveal how anti-blackness is global, and how populations racialized as Black are forever suspect and marginalized. As a Black woman who has researched race and racism in France for over a decade, I see how these two crises present themselves in France as indictive of how anti-blackness manifests globally.</p><p>On April 18, 2020, in Villeneuve-la-Garenne, a <i>banlieue</i><sup>1</sup> in the Hauts-de-Seine <i>département</i> north of Paris, Mouldi, a 30-year-old man, left his apartment and went on a brief ride on his moped to get some air that evening. He later admitted he did not have the proper <i>attestation</i>, or signed certificate needed in order to travel more than five kilometers from one's home during France's COVID-19-related quarantine period. He quickly collided with a police car. Accounts vary, but some residents felt the officers purposely opened the police car door as Mouldi approached, causing him multiple injuries including a broken leg. In the immediate days afterwards, some residents burned cars and buildings and shot fireworks and police fired teargas at protestors in both Villeneuve-la-Garenne and nearby <i>banlieues</i>. As one French analysis put it, this is revolt against “the police who control them all year round, who ‘tutoyer’ them,<sup>2</sup> who insult them, who violate them” (Ramdani <span>2020</span>; <i>Le Parisien</i> <span>2020</span>). From his hospital bed, Mouldi appealed for calm (<i>Le Parisien</i> <span>2020</span>; McAuley <span>2020a</span>; Ramdani <span>2020</span>).</p><p>This incident reflects both the confinement of marginalized populations, even before COVID-19 as I discuss below, as well as the tenuous relations between racial and ethnic minorities—or visible minorities in French parlance—and the police. COVID-19 has illustrated various racial and ethnic inequalities, or the general marginalization of Black individuals, and the global attention to the death of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, has illustrated the persistence of anti-Black violence around the world.</p><p>In an interview in March with <i>Mediapart</i> (a French online journal), Youcef Brakini, an activist working with Comité Vérité et Justice pour Adama, stated “all year round, the <i>quartiers populaires</i> [working-class neighborhoods] are confined” (Polloni <span>2020</span>). Between March 17th and May 11th, France was under lockdown, or <i>l’état d'urgence sanitaire</i> (state of health emergency), to reduce the spread of COVID-19.<sup>1</sup> During this period, residents could be asked for their identification and reason for being outside, and fined by police for not having the proper <i>attestation</i>.</p><p>Residents of various <i>quartiers populaires</i> and <i>banlieues</i>, particularly in the Seine-Saint-Denis and Hauts-de-Seine <i>d","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"19 3","pages":"516-522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cico.12519","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41261196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herbert Gans’ classic book, The Levittowners, has inspired generations of urban sociologists studying American suburbs, but it has also confined the field’s focus to studies of the local community. At the same time, however, outside the discipline of American urban sociology, an interdisciplinary field of global suburban studies has flourished. Global suburban studies address a wider range of topics that extends to infrastructural provision, governance, and popular resistance. By introducing the key debates in global suburban studies, this essay argues that it is time for American urban sociologists to broaden their analytical focus beyond community institutions and power relations, and that much can be gained by adopting an international and comparative perspective to learn about urban peripheries elsewhere in the world. A comparative vantage point can help U.S. sociologists better situate socio–spatial transformations in American suburbs among a world of cities (and suburbs), and mine new insights on topics involving poverty, segregation, and community life that have been at the center of suburban research in American sociology.
{"title":"Suburbs and Urban Peripheries in a Global Perspective","authors":"Xuefei Ren","doi":"10.1111/cico.12505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12505","url":null,"abstract":"Herbert Gans’ classic book, The Levittowners, has inspired generations of urban sociologists studying American suburbs, but it has also confined the field’s focus to studies of the local community. At the same time, however, outside the discipline of American urban sociology, an interdisciplinary field of global suburban studies has flourished. Global suburban studies address a wider range of topics that extends to infrastructural provision, governance, and popular resistance. By introducing the key debates in global suburban studies, this essay argues that it is time for American urban sociologists to broaden their analytical focus beyond community institutions and power relations, and that much can be gained by adopting an international and comparative perspective to learn about urban peripheries elsewhere in the world. A comparative vantage point can help U.S. sociologists better situate socio–spatial transformations in American suburbs among a world of cities (and suburbs), and mine new insights on topics involving poverty, segregation, and community life that have been at the center of suburban research in American sociology.","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"20 1","pages":"38 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cico.12505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43166929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In American sociology, segregation is usually conceived in terms of spatial concentration, social isolation, and the consolidation of race, place, and poverty. This conceptualization fails to capture the reality of segregation in many of the largest cities in the Global South. Studying segregation in these places presents an opportunity to “open up” the concept and reimagine it more expansively. In the paper, I compare segregation in Manila, Philippines, to the standard model. The case challenges the model in significant ways. First, we see a form of segregation characterized not by the concentration of poor black neighborhoods but by the interspersion of slums and enclaves, and thus are led to view segregation as relational. Second, we are led to emphasize not the isolation of people living inside segregated spaces but their unequal interactions with people outside them. Third, we are better able to identify the role of segregation in constituting, not merely consolidating, group difference through a process of spatialization. These aspects also apply to American segregation but tend to be overlooked. By looking at segregation in Manila, however, they come into focus. We are led to think about segregation in different ways and see American segregation in a new light.
{"title":"Reconceptualizing Segregation from the Global South","authors":"M. Garrido","doi":"10.1111/cico.12504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12504","url":null,"abstract":"In American sociology, segregation is usually conceived in terms of spatial concentration, social isolation, and the consolidation of race, place, and poverty. This conceptualization fails to capture the reality of segregation in many of the largest cities in the Global South. Studying segregation in these places presents an opportunity to “open up” the concept and reimagine it more expansively. In the paper, I compare segregation in Manila, Philippines, to the standard model. The case challenges the model in significant ways. First, we see a form of segregation characterized not by the concentration of poor black neighborhoods but by the interspersion of slums and enclaves, and thus are led to view segregation as relational. Second, we are led to emphasize not the isolation of people living inside segregated spaces but their unequal interactions with people outside them. Third, we are better able to identify the role of segregation in constituting, not merely consolidating, group difference through a process of spatialization. These aspects also apply to American segregation but tend to be overlooked. By looking at segregation in Manila, however, they come into focus. We are led to think about segregation in different ways and see American segregation in a new light.","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"20 1","pages":"24 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cico.12504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49520735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban sociologists have recently discovered the problem of residential evictions. Although displacement has been a major theme in sociological studies of gentrification, homelessness, and public housing transformation, the forced removal of tenants from rental housing been the subject of surprisingly little sociological research (Desmond 2012a; Hartman and Robinson 2003). With the new visibility that Matthew Desmond has brought to the topic with his award–winning ethnography Evicted and the rigorously researched articles he and his colleagues have produced, evictions have begun to attract more scholarly attention (Herring 2014; Desmond and Shollenberger 2015; Purser 2016; Desmond, Gershenson, and Kiviat 2015; Brady 2017; Sullivan 2018; Garboden and Rosen 2019; Brady 2019). Yet while the topic has been largely overlooked by American urban sociologists, interdisciplinary scholars studying cities in the Global South have been researching the problem of forced removals for decades, particularly in informal, auto–constructed, or “slum” settlements prevalent in southern cities. As American urban sociologists turn their attention to evictions, it is important that they not overlook the empirically grounded, theoretically robust insights drawn from urban research in the Global South. In this paper, I set up a conversation between the usually separate literatures on rental evictions in U.S. cities and urban “slum” evictions in the Global South. Given the geographical and disciplinary breadth of research on southern cities, I limit my review to studies of evictions in India and South Africa. As two former British colonies with distinct developmental trajectories but comparable levels of housing insecurity, these cases underscore both the common themes and contextual specificity found in this literature.1 When we reconceptualize evictions from the South, I argue that two aspects of housing insecurity come into clearer focus: First, despite the emphasis on individuals and families in the recent U.S. literature, evictions are also collective events that impact whole neighborhoods and communities. This insight is important for understanding not only the experience of evictions and their effects on cities, but also the possibilities for collective action. Secondly, when we re–center the study of evictions southward, it becomes clearer that evictions are patently political acts, and cannot be explained solely with a focus on markets and housing affordability. While housing insecurity in the United States is also shaped by historically entrenched political conflicts, discriminatory logics, and local power brokering, these political dimensions may be easier to discern in contexts where governments, rather than private landlords, typically do the evicting. 100069 CTYXXX10.1177/15356841211000695City & CommunityWeinstein research-article2020
{"title":"Evictions: Reconceptualizing Housing Insecurity from the Global South","authors":"L. Weinstein","doi":"10.1111/cico.12503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12503","url":null,"abstract":"Urban sociologists have recently discovered the problem of residential evictions. Although displacement has been a major theme in sociological studies of gentrification, homelessness, and public housing transformation, the forced removal of tenants from rental housing been the subject of surprisingly little sociological research (Desmond 2012a; Hartman and Robinson 2003). With the new visibility that Matthew Desmond has brought to the topic with his award–winning ethnography Evicted and the rigorously researched articles he and his colleagues have produced, evictions have begun to attract more scholarly attention (Herring 2014; Desmond and Shollenberger 2015; Purser 2016; Desmond, Gershenson, and Kiviat 2015; Brady 2017; Sullivan 2018; Garboden and Rosen 2019; Brady 2019). Yet while the topic has been largely overlooked by American urban sociologists, interdisciplinary scholars studying cities in the Global South have been researching the problem of forced removals for decades, particularly in informal, auto–constructed, or “slum” settlements prevalent in southern cities. As American urban sociologists turn their attention to evictions, it is important that they not overlook the empirically grounded, theoretically robust insights drawn from urban research in the Global South. In this paper, I set up a conversation between the usually separate literatures on rental evictions in U.S. cities and urban “slum” evictions in the Global South. Given the geographical and disciplinary breadth of research on southern cities, I limit my review to studies of evictions in India and South Africa. As two former British colonies with distinct developmental trajectories but comparable levels of housing insecurity, these cases underscore both the common themes and contextual specificity found in this literature.1 When we reconceptualize evictions from the South, I argue that two aspects of housing insecurity come into clearer focus: First, despite the emphasis on individuals and families in the recent U.S. literature, evictions are also collective events that impact whole neighborhoods and communities. This insight is important for understanding not only the experience of evictions and their effects on cities, but also the possibilities for collective action. Secondly, when we re–center the study of evictions southward, it becomes clearer that evictions are patently political acts, and cannot be explained solely with a focus on markets and housing affordability. While housing insecurity in the United States is also shaped by historically entrenched political conflicts, discriminatory logics, and local power brokering, these political dimensions may be easier to discern in contexts where governments, rather than private landlords, typically do the evicting. 100069 CTYXXX10.1177/15356841211000695City & CommunityWeinstein research-article2020","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"20 1","pages":"13 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cico.12503","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48343226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although urban violence is most often theorized in relation to marginality, violence affects wealthy and poor in Latin America, albeit in different ways. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork and media coverage of a gruesome turf war in Monterrey, Mexico, this paper illustrates how an increase in violence have led the upper class to “disembed” the municipality of San Pedro from the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, revamp the police, and attempt to create not only a “defended neighborhood,” but an entire “defended city.” Contemporary San Pedro reveals that violence and related fear can prompt not only the fragmentation of urban space into numerous gated communities, but also the simultaneous concentration of urban wealth and public security at a city level. Latin American metropoles call for a reconceptualization of urban violence beyond the margins and a closer examination of the invisible walls enclosing the urban wealthy around the world.
{"title":"Reconceptualizing Urban Violence from the Global South","authors":"Ana Villarreal","doi":"10.1111/cico.12506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12506","url":null,"abstract":"Although urban violence is most often theorized in relation to marginality, violence affects wealthy and poor in Latin America, albeit in different ways. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork and media coverage of a gruesome turf war in Monterrey, Mexico, this paper illustrates how an increase in violence have led the upper class to “disembed” the municipality of San Pedro from the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, revamp the police, and attempt to create not only a “defended neighborhood,” but an entire “defended city.” Contemporary San Pedro reveals that violence and related fear can prompt not only the fragmentation of urban space into numerous gated communities, but also the simultaneous concentration of urban wealth and public security at a city level. Latin American metropoles call for a reconceptualization of urban violence beyond the margins and a closer examination of the invisible walls enclosing the urban wealthy around the world.","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"20 1","pages":"48 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cico.12506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41965692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How can the gentrification scholarship of US urban sociologists be enhanced by expanding beyond the confines of the Global North to include empirical and theoretical analyses of Southern gentrifications? This article engages the debate around the utility of the gentrification concept outside of postindustrial Northern cities. It argues that, in contrast to geographers and other interdisciplinary urbanists, many US-based sociologists have unduly overlooked or minimized two aspects of gentrification that may be more clearly observed in the Global South: the roles of local political-economic forces and the state. This article also notes what the discipline of sociology can add to apt explorations of gentrification in the Global South. It marries the oft-disparate discourses of sociologists of gentrification primarily in North America and Western Europe with geographers and other urbanists conducting gentrification research in the Global South in order to globalize the sociology of gentrification.
{"title":"Globalizing the Sociology of Gentrification","authors":"M. Valle","doi":"10.1111/cico.12507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12507","url":null,"abstract":"How can the gentrification scholarship of US urban sociologists be enhanced by expanding beyond the confines of the Global North to include empirical and theoretical analyses of Southern gentrifications? This article engages the debate around the utility of the gentrification concept outside of postindustrial Northern cities. It argues that, in contrast to geographers and other interdisciplinary urbanists, many US-based sociologists have unduly overlooked or minimized two aspects of gentrification that may be more clearly observed in the Global South: the roles of local political-economic forces and the state. This article also notes what the discipline of sociology can add to apt explorations of gentrification in the Global South. It marries the oft-disparate discourses of sociologists of gentrification primarily in North America and Western Europe with geographers and other urbanists conducting gentrification research in the Global South in order to globalize the sociology of gentrification.","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"20 1","pages":"59 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cico.12507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41483388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many cities in the Global South are structurally different from the Northern, particularly American, cities on which much of urban sociology’s conceptual apparatus has been based. Thus, depicting them in terms of a standard urban vocabulary risks imposing an inappropriate way of seeing. We need a vocabulary that is able to accommodate their different urban experience. This special issue contributes to the work of building that vocabulary. We select five keywords in urban sociology—eviction, segregation, suburbs, violence, and gentrification—and reconstruct them in light of the places we study (India, China, Mexico, the Philippines, and South Africa). Our aim is to produce a set of keywords better equipped to travel South and, in the process, advance a truly global urban sociology.
{"title":"Toward a Global Urban Sociology: Keywords","authors":"M. Garrido, Xuefei Ren, L. Weinstein","doi":"10.1111/cico.12502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12502","url":null,"abstract":"Many cities in the Global South are structurally different from the Northern, particularly American, cities on which much of urban sociology’s conceptual apparatus has been based. Thus, depicting them in terms of a standard urban vocabulary risks imposing an inappropriate way of seeing. We need a vocabulary that is able to accommodate their different urban experience. This special issue contributes to the work of building that vocabulary. We select five keywords in urban sociology—eviction, segregation, suburbs, violence, and gentrification—and reconstruct them in light of the places we study (India, China, Mexico, the Philippines, and South Africa). Our aim is to produce a set of keywords better equipped to travel South and, in the process, advance a truly global urban sociology.","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"20 1","pages":"4 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cico.12502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41916996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are so many layers and facets to The New Noir that it’s hard to believe it fits within the covers of just one book. Clergé recounts history from the colonial era to the present, charts the migrations of Jamaicans, Haitians, and Black Southerners, does a multi-sited ethnography, and conducts 60 interviews with residents of neighborhoods in Queens and Long Island, New York. The New Noir is a work of urban sociology, and also of migration studies, Black Studies, comparative ethnic studies, and the sociology of culture. The book packs a powerful sociological punch, and it is also appetizingly readable. Clergé keeps the reader’smouth watering with each chapter title: Fish Soup, Callalloo, Children of the Yam, and Vanilla Black. These titles are not just empty flourishes. The chapter entitled “Blood Pudding,” for example, recounts not only the house bombings and racial terror that Black people endured when they moved to Queens and Long Island in large numbers in the mid-20th century, but also the erasure of Native Americans, and the 17th and 18th Century presence of 1,300 enslaved Black people in Queens, and 1,000 enslaved Black people in Nassau County. The food references offer rich cultural metaphors for the complex social process that Clergé analyzes in the book. A primary argument of The New Noir is that local places cannot be understood without adopting a global lens. Hence, although the book is about the “Black diasporic suburb”— as illustrated by a section of Queens pseudonymously called Cascades, and a section of Long Island called Great Park—the story reaches far beyond New York. As Clergé writes: “The racial caste system of Charleston, the uneven industrialization of Kingston, and the dictatorship politics of Port au Prince are interrelated global processes that have shaped Black migrant experiences and perspectives” (13). Of course Clergé could have also added sending cities and villages in Ghana, Nigeria, the Dominican Republic, and Colombia, but the book is already impressively comparative. The insight gained from integrating these groups and histories is a clear understanding of the contours of racial capitalism and its effects on traveling systems of stratification. For example, Clergé uses the label of the “brown middle class” to highlight similarities in skin tone stratification in Jamaica, Haiti, and the United States, but also to show how this bodily currency lost much of its power in the trip to the United States, especially for Haitians. Formerly upper class Haitians—driven out by the Duvalier regime—soon found themselves in the same
《新黑》有很多层次和方面，很难相信它只适合一本书的封面。克莱格讲述了从殖民时代到现在的历史，绘制了牙买加人、海地人和南方黑人的移民图，进行了多地点的民族志研究，并对纽约皇后区和长岛社区的居民进行了60次采访。《新黑穗》是一部城市社会学、移民研究、黑人研究、比较种族研究和文化社会学的作品。这本书具有强大的社会学冲击力，可读性也很强。克莱格的每一章标题都让读者垂涎欲滴：鱼汤、卡拉洛、Yam的孩子和香草黑。这些标题不仅仅是空洞的华丽辞藻。例如，题为“血布丁”的一章不仅讲述了20世纪中期黑人大量迁移到皇后区和长岛时所遭受的房屋爆炸和种族恐怖，还讲述了美洲原住民的消失，以及17世纪和18世纪皇后区1300名被奴役的黑人和拿骚县1000名被奴役黑人的存在。食物参考为克莱格在书中分析的复杂社会过程提供了丰富的文化隐喻。The New Noir的一个主要论点是，如果不采用全球视角，就无法理解当地。因此，尽管这本书是关于“黑人散居郊区”的——正如皇后区一段化名为Cascades的地区和长岛一段名为Great Park的地区所示——但故事的范围远远超出了纽约。正如克莱格所写：“查尔斯顿的种族种姓制度、金斯敦的不均衡工业化和太子港的独裁政治是相互关联的全球进程，塑造了黑人移民的经历和观点”（13）。当然，克莱格本可以在加纳、尼日利亚、多米尼加共和国和哥伦比亚增加派遣城市和村庄，但这本书已经具有令人印象深刻的可比性。从整合这些群体和历史中获得的见解是对种族资本主义的轮廓及其对旅行分层系统的影响的清晰理解。例如，克莱格使用“棕色中产阶级”的标签来强调牙买加、海地和美国肤色分层的相似性，但也表明这种身体货币是如何在美国之行中失去大部分力量的，尤其是对海地人来说。被杜瓦利埃政权驱逐的前海地上层阶级很快发现自己也陷入了同样的境地
{"title":"The Patchwork City: Class, Space, and Politics in Metro Manila, by Marco Garrido. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2019. ISBN: 9780226643144; 288 pp. $30 paper.","authors":"Zachary Levenson","doi":"10.1111/cico.12500","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cico.12500","url":null,"abstract":"There are so many layers and facets to The New Noir that it’s hard to believe it fits within the covers of just one book. Clergé recounts history from the colonial era to the present, charts the migrations of Jamaicans, Haitians, and Black Southerners, does a multi-sited ethnography, and conducts 60 interviews with residents of neighborhoods in Queens and Long Island, New York. The New Noir is a work of urban sociology, and also of migration studies, Black Studies, comparative ethnic studies, and the sociology of culture. The book packs a powerful sociological punch, and it is also appetizingly readable. Clergé keeps the reader’smouth watering with each chapter title: Fish Soup, Callalloo, Children of the Yam, and Vanilla Black. These titles are not just empty flourishes. The chapter entitled “Blood Pudding,” for example, recounts not only the house bombings and racial terror that Black people endured when they moved to Queens and Long Island in large numbers in the mid-20th century, but also the erasure of Native Americans, and the 17th and 18th Century presence of 1,300 enslaved Black people in Queens, and 1,000 enslaved Black people in Nassau County. The food references offer rich cultural metaphors for the complex social process that Clergé analyzes in the book. A primary argument of The New Noir is that local places cannot be understood without adopting a global lens. Hence, although the book is about the “Black diasporic suburb”— as illustrated by a section of Queens pseudonymously called Cascades, and a section of Long Island called Great Park—the story reaches far beyond New York. As Clergé writes: “The racial caste system of Charleston, the uneven industrialization of Kingston, and the dictatorship politics of Port au Prince are interrelated global processes that have shaped Black migrant experiences and perspectives” (13). Of course Clergé could have also added sending cities and villages in Ghana, Nigeria, the Dominican Republic, and Colombia, but the book is already impressively comparative. The insight gained from integrating these groups and histories is a clear understanding of the contours of racial capitalism and its effects on traveling systems of stratification. For example, Clergé uses the label of the “brown middle class” to highlight similarities in skin tone stratification in Jamaica, Haiti, and the United States, but also to show how this bodily currency lost much of its power in the trip to the United States, especially for Haitians. Formerly upper class Haitians—driven out by the Duvalier regime—soon found themselves in the same","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"19 2","pages":"445-447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cico.12500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43063843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are so many layers and facets to The New Noir that it’s hard to believe it fits within the covers of just one book. Clergé recounts history from the colonial era to the present, charts the migrations of Jamaicans, Haitians, and Black Southerners, does a multi-sited ethnography, and conducts 60 interviews with residents of neighborhoods in Queens and Long Island, New York. The New Noir is a work of urban sociology, and also of migration studies, Black Studies, comparative ethnic studies, and the sociology of culture. The book packs a powerful sociological punch, and it is also appetizingly readable. Clergé keeps the reader’smouth watering with each chapter title: Fish Soup, Callalloo, Children of the Yam, and Vanilla Black. These titles are not just empty flourishes. The chapter entitled “Blood Pudding,” for example, recounts not only the house bombings and racial terror that Black people endured when they moved to Queens and Long Island in large numbers in the mid-20th century, but also the erasure of Native Americans, and the 17th and 18th Century presence of 1,300 enslaved Black people in Queens, and 1,000 enslaved Black people in Nassau County. The food references offer rich cultural metaphors for the complex social process that Clergé analyzes in the book. A primary argument of The New Noir is that local places cannot be understood without adopting a global lens. Hence, although the book is about the “Black diasporic suburb”— as illustrated by a section of Queens pseudonymously called Cascades, and a section of Long Island called Great Park—the story reaches far beyond New York. As Clergé writes: “The racial caste system of Charleston, the uneven industrialization of Kingston, and the dictatorship politics of Port au Prince are interrelated global processes that have shaped Black migrant experiences and perspectives” (13). Of course Clergé could have also added sending cities and villages in Ghana, Nigeria, the Dominican Republic, and Colombia, but the book is already impressively comparative. The insight gained from integrating these groups and histories is a clear understanding of the contours of racial capitalism and its effects on traveling systems of stratification. For example, Clergé uses the label of the “brown middle class” to highlight similarities in skin tone stratification in Jamaica, Haiti, and the United States, but also to show how this bodily currency lost much of its power in the trip to the United States, especially for Haitians. Formerly upper class Haitians—driven out by the Duvalier regime—soon found themselves in the same
《新黑》有很多层次和方面，很难相信它只适合一本书的封面。克莱格讲述了从殖民时代到现在的历史，绘制了牙买加人、海地人和南方黑人的移民图，进行了多地点的民族志研究，并对纽约皇后区和长岛社区的居民进行了60次采访。《新黑穗》是一部城市社会学、移民研究、黑人研究、比较种族研究和文化社会学的作品。这本书具有强大的社会学冲击力，可读性也很强。克莱格的每一章标题都让读者垂涎欲滴：鱼汤、卡拉洛、Yam的孩子和香草黑。这些标题不仅仅是空洞的华丽辞藻。例如，题为“血布丁”的一章不仅讲述了20世纪中期黑人大量迁移到皇后区和长岛时所遭受的房屋爆炸和种族恐怖，还讲述了美洲原住民的消失，以及17世纪和18世纪皇后区1300名被奴役的黑人和拿骚县1000名被奴役黑人的存在。食物参考为克莱格在书中分析的复杂社会过程提供了丰富的文化隐喻。The New Noir的一个主要论点是，如果不采用全球视角，就无法理解当地。因此，尽管这本书是关于“黑人散居郊区”的——正如皇后区一段化名为Cascades的地区和长岛一段名为Great Park的地区所示——但故事的范围远远超出了纽约。正如克莱格所写：“查尔斯顿的种族种姓制度、金斯敦的不均衡工业化和太子港的独裁政治是相互关联的全球进程，塑造了黑人移民的经历和观点”（13）。当然，克莱格本可以在加纳、尼日利亚、多米尼加共和国和哥伦比亚增加派遣城市和村庄，但这本书已经具有令人印象深刻的可比性。从整合这些群体和历史中获得的见解是对种族资本主义的轮廓及其对旅行分层系统的影响的清晰理解。例如，克莱格使用“棕色中产阶级”的标签来强调牙买加、海地和美国肤色分层的相似性，但也表明这种身体货币是如何在美国之行中失去大部分力量的，尤其是对海地人来说。被杜瓦利埃政权驱逐的前海地上层阶级很快发现自己也陷入了同样的境地
{"title":"The New Noir: Race, Identity, and Diaspora in Black Suburbia, by Orly Clergé. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2019. ISBN: 9780520296787; 320 pp. $29.95 paper.","authors":"Mary Pattillo","doi":"10.1111/cico.12501","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cico.12501","url":null,"abstract":"There are so many layers and facets to The New Noir that it’s hard to believe it fits within the covers of just one book. Clergé recounts history from the colonial era to the present, charts the migrations of Jamaicans, Haitians, and Black Southerners, does a multi-sited ethnography, and conducts 60 interviews with residents of neighborhoods in Queens and Long Island, New York. The New Noir is a work of urban sociology, and also of migration studies, Black Studies, comparative ethnic studies, and the sociology of culture. The book packs a powerful sociological punch, and it is also appetizingly readable. Clergé keeps the reader’smouth watering with each chapter title: Fish Soup, Callalloo, Children of the Yam, and Vanilla Black. These titles are not just empty flourishes. The chapter entitled “Blood Pudding,” for example, recounts not only the house bombings and racial terror that Black people endured when they moved to Queens and Long Island in large numbers in the mid-20th century, but also the erasure of Native Americans, and the 17th and 18th Century presence of 1,300 enslaved Black people in Queens, and 1,000 enslaved Black people in Nassau County. The food references offer rich cultural metaphors for the complex social process that Clergé analyzes in the book. A primary argument of The New Noir is that local places cannot be understood without adopting a global lens. Hence, although the book is about the “Black diasporic suburb”— as illustrated by a section of Queens pseudonymously called Cascades, and a section of Long Island called Great Park—the story reaches far beyond New York. As Clergé writes: “The racial caste system of Charleston, the uneven industrialization of Kingston, and the dictatorship politics of Port au Prince are interrelated global processes that have shaped Black migrant experiences and perspectives” (13). Of course Clergé could have also added sending cities and villages in Ghana, Nigeria, the Dominican Republic, and Colombia, but the book is already impressively comparative. The insight gained from integrating these groups and histories is a clear understanding of the contours of racial capitalism and its effects on traveling systems of stratification. For example, Clergé uses the label of the “brown middle class” to highlight similarities in skin tone stratification in Jamaica, Haiti, and the United States, but also to show how this bodily currency lost much of its power in the trip to the United States, especially for Haitians. Formerly upper class Haitians—driven out by the Duvalier regime—soon found themselves in the same","PeriodicalId":47486,"journal":{"name":"City & Community","volume":"19 2","pages":"443-445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cico.12501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45373170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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