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Intercultural Experience as a Unique Facilitator of Immigrant Entrepreneurship 跨文化经验是移民创业的独特推动者
IF 2.2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/tie.22419
Xiaohua Yang, Peter Ping Li, Roger Chen, Rongxin, Keith Hunter

This study seeks to unpack some underlying factors for immigrant entrepreneurial success. Specifically, we develop an integrative framework for immigrant entrepreneurship utilizing three key pillars or building blocks: home–host cultural asymmetry (related to cultural distance), home–host cultural integration (related to cultural interface), and immigrant entrepreneurship (related to adaptive learning). Through a phenomenon-driven research approach, our study finds (1) when the home-cultural heritage and family values interface with host country's cultural values, such interface is likely to have significant effects on the process of immigrant entrepreneurship; (2) immigrant entrepreneurs may go through the same sequential stages of cultural shock and cultural adaptation that other immigrants do; (3) we further find that immigrant entrepreneurs' business success may depend on a process of effective intercultural integration, with the process of intercultural integration that may shape the microfoundations of immigrant entrepreneurship and the choice of entrepreneurial strategy. Our study contributes to the growing research streams on immigrant entrepreneurship: the specific intercultural integration for immigrant entrepreneurship and the unique microfoundations of immigrant entrepreneurship.

本研究试图揭示移民创业成功的一些潜在因素。具体而言,我们利用三个关键支柱或构建块为移民创业开发了一个综合框架:家庭-主人文化不对称(与文化距离有关),家庭-主人文化融合(与文化界面有关)和移民创业(与适应性学习有关)。通过现象驱动的研究方法,我们的研究发现(1)当家乡文化遗产和家庭价值观与东道国文化价值观界面时,这种界面可能对移民创业过程产生显著影响;(2)移民企业家可能会经历与其他移民相同的文化冲击和文化适应的顺序阶段;(3)我们进一步发现,移民企业家的创业成功可能依赖于一个有效的跨文化融合过程,而跨文化融合过程可能塑造了移民创业的微观基础和创业策略的选择。我们的研究促进了移民创业的研究流:移民创业的特定跨文化融合和移民创业的独特微观基础。
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引用次数: 0
Unlocking Opportunities: How Women Navigate Informal Networks in Saudi Arabia's Evolving Workplace 解锁机会:女性如何在沙特阿拉伯不断变化的职场中驾驭非正式网络
IF 2.2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1002/tie.22417
Sa'ad Ali, Munirah AlQahtani, Mansour Mrabet

In the context of the Arab countries of the Middle East, Wasta informal networks predominate in the business environment. While historically women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia had limited access to informal networks, recent socio-economic changes have had a positive impact on women's participation in the workplace. This research explores the use of Wasta informal networks by women in the context of the new Saudi workplace based on 26 interviews conducted with Saudi professional women. The findings highlight that, due to the changes in the formal institutions, which in turn impact informal institutions, women are generally afforded more direct access to networks, enabling them to attain jobs and progress their careers. The research also contributes to informal network literature by distinguishing between Wasta (negative practice) and other forms of informal networks (positive/beneficial practice). Suggestions are offered to policymakers, managers, and women practitioners to navigate the use of informal networks and Wasta.

在中东阿拉伯国家的背景下,Wasta非正式网络在商业环境中占主导地位。虽然沙特阿拉伯王国的妇女在历史上进入非正式网络的机会有限,但最近的社会经济变化对妇女参与工作场所产生了积极影响。本研究通过对沙特职业女性进行的26次访谈,探讨了女性在新的沙特工作场所背景下对Wasta非正式网络的使用。调查结果强调,由于正式机构的变化反过来影响了非正式机构,妇女通常可以更直接地接触网络,使她们能够获得工作和职业发展。该研究还通过区分Wasta(消极实践)和其他形式的非正式网络(积极/有益实践),为非正式网络文献做出了贡献。为政策制定者、管理人员和女性从业人员提供了指导使用非正式网络和Wasta的建议。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Institutional Orientation on Export Performance: Mediating Role of Firm Innovativeness 制度导向对出口绩效的影响:企业创新的中介作用
IF 2.2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1002/tie.22418
Abir Zouari, Romdhane Khemakhem

In international marketing research, innovativeness is usually considered as an important element for firms that adopt an export orientation and that wonder about their success in foreign markets. It might help exporters to better ensure their international orientations. This study aims to test the relationship between institutional orientation, innovativeness, and export performance. It also aims to test the mediating effect of innovativeness in the relationship between institutional orientation and export performance. For this reason, a questionnaire was administered to 260 exporting companies. Results show that institutional orientation has an effect on export performance, especially through its dimension “conformity.” They also show that innovativeness can mediate the link between institutional orientation and export performance.

在国际市场营销研究中,创新通常被认为是采取出口导向的公司在国外市场取得成功的一个重要因素。这可能有助于出口商更好地确保他们的国际定位。本研究旨在检验制度导向、创新能力与出口绩效之间的关系。检验创新在制度导向与出口绩效关系中的中介作用。为此,对260家出口企业进行了问卷调查。结果表明,制度取向对出口绩效有影响,尤其是通过其“一致性”维度。研究还表明,创新可以在制度导向与出口绩效之间起到中介作用。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive Leadership for Multilevel Resilience in the Context of Disruptions 中断环境下多层次弹性的适应性领导
IF 2.2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1002/tie.22416
Marina Latukha, Polina Yakovleva, Kaifeng Yan

This paper examines the relationship between adaptive leadership and three levels of resilience: individual, team, and organizational. Developing multilevel resilience enables organizations to better anticipate conflicts and respond to environmental disruptions. Through correlation and regression analysis based on 148 respondents from companies in Russia, we build the relationship between adaptive leadership and three levels of resilience, unpacking the new role of leadership in shaping managerial responses to contextual change. The results suggest that adaptive leadership can positively influence all three levels of resilience, with adaptive leadership having the most significant impact on team resilience, then organizational resilience, leaving employee resilience behind. Such findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how exactly managerial mechanisms should be redesigned to overcome disruptions and develop leadership capabilities.

本文考察了适应性领导与个体、团队和组织三个层面的弹性之间的关系。发展多层次的弹性使组织能够更好地预测冲突和应对环境破坏。通过对148名俄罗斯公司受访者的相关和回归分析,我们建立了适应性领导与三个水平的弹性之间的关系,揭示了领导力在塑造管理对环境变化的反应中的新作用。结果表明,适应性领导对三个层次的弹性均有正向影响,其中适应性领导对团队弹性的影响最大,其次是组织弹性,员工弹性的影响最小。这些发现有助于更深入地了解如何准确地重新设计管理机制,以克服干扰和发展领导能力。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Sharia-Based Screening on Equity Risk: International Evidence 基于伊斯兰教法的筛选对股权风险的影响:国际证据
IF 2.2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1002/tie.22411
Ali Kafou

This paper investigates the impact of mainstream Sharia-based screening methodologies on equity risk. The study is based on the daily returns of 23 pairs of stock indices belonging to different index providers, namely Dow Jones, FTSE, and S&P. For risk measurement, the study uses five Value at Risk (VaR) methods. Moreover, the conditional VaR (CVaR) is used to analyze the tail behavior of return distributions. The results show that Sharia-based screening is a source of significant differences in risk. There is strong evidence that Islamic stock indices (ISIs) tend to be less risky than their conventional peers. Also, the screening process allows for keeping extreme negative returns at a lower level relative to unscreened indices. The analysis during the Dotcom and Subprime crises shows that, globally, the results are time-invariant. In sum, Islamic screening is tantamount to prudential rules that lead to low-risk portfolios; it is, in its essence, a risk-reduction strategy. Findings suggest that Sharia-compliant stocks would be of great attractiveness to risk-averse investors. They will find their claim in this asset class, as its riskiness is relatively low. For banks, a lower VaR of Islamic investing implies fewer capital requirements for market risk when holding portfolios that include Sharia-compliant stocks. Fewer capital requirements will enhance the banks' ability to invest and make profits, which will, in turn, result in reducing the cost of capital.

本文研究了基于伊斯兰教法的主流筛选方法对股票风险的影响。研究基于不同指数提供商(即道琼斯、富时和 S&P)旗下 23 对股票指数的每日回报。在风险测量方面,研究采用了五种风险值(VaR)方法。此外,还使用了条件风险值(CVaR)来分析回报率分布的尾部行为。结果表明,基于伊斯兰教法的筛选是风险显著差异的来源。有强有力的证据表明,伊斯兰股票指数(ISIs)的风险往往低于传统的同类指数。此外,相对于未经筛选的指数,筛选过程可将极端负收益保持在较低水平。在 Dotcom 危机和次贷危机期间进行的分析表明,从全球范围来看,结果具有时间不变性。总之,伊斯兰筛查等同于审慎的规则,能带来低风险的投资组合;从本质上讲,它是一种降低风险的策略。研究结果表明,符合伊斯兰教法的股票对规避风险的投资者极具吸引力。他们会在这一资产类别中找到自己的诉求,因为其风险性相对较低。对银行而言,伊斯兰投资的风险价值较低,这意味着在持有包括符合伊斯兰教教规的股票在内的投资组合时,对市场风险的资本要求较低。较少的资本要求将提高银行投资和盈利的能力,进而降低资本成本。
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引用次数: 0
Cross-National Knowledge Distance and Host Country Innovation—The Mediating Roles of Local Talents and Third-Country Exporting 跨国知识距离与东道国创新——本土人才与第三国出口的中介作用
IF 2.2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/tie.22414
Tianjiao Xia, Xiaohui Liu

Drawing on embeddedness and learning perspectives, we examine and extend the learning-by-hiring (LBH) and learning-by-exporting (LBE) logics to better understand the innovation activities of advanced economy multinational enterprises (AEMNEs) in a dissimilar knowledge context where cross-national differences persist. We consider that the use of local talents manifests the LBH logic as a means of enhancing AEMNEs' local embeddedness. Likewise, third-country exporting is underpinned by the LBE logic as a way for MNEs to leverage third-country embeddedness. We propose that these two mechanisms act as mediators that shape and filter AEMNEs' access and integration of geographically distant knowledge for their emerging market innovation. Moreover, we predict a complementarity between employing local talents and third-country exporting. Our findings from an analysis of AEMNEs operating in China provide support for these predictions. This study offers important implications for managing multiple embeddedness across AEMNEs' global networks in order for their innovation to flourish in emerging markets.

利用嵌入性和学习视角,我们研究并扩展了雇佣学习(LBH)和出口学习(LBE)逻辑,以便更好地理解在跨国差异持续存在的不同知识背景下,发达经济体跨国企业(AEMNEs)的创新活动。我们认为本地人才的使用体现了LBH逻辑,是增强AEMNEs本地嵌入性的一种手段。同样,第三国出口也受到LBE逻辑的支持,作为跨国公司利用第三国嵌入性的一种方式。我们提出,这两种机制作为中介,塑造和过滤AEMNEs获取和整合地理上遥远的知识,以促进其新兴市场创新。此外,我们预测雇用当地人才与第三国出口之间的互补性。我们对在中国运营的AEMNEs的分析结果为这些预测提供了支持。本研究为管理AEMNEs全球网络中的多重嵌入性,使其创新在新兴市场蓬勃发展提供了重要启示。
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引用次数: 0
Strategy and Performance of Family Businesses: Comparison of Pakistan and the Czech Republic 家族企业战略与绩效:巴基斯坦与捷克比较
IF 2.2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1002/tie.22412
Muhammad Kamal Subhani, Marie Mikušová

In this paper, we observe how effective the use of strategies is in relation to the objectives of family businesses. Data collected in spring 2024 by interviews were processed using DEA. Respondents were owners of small family businesses; 169 valid responses were obtained from each country. The assessment reflected the differences between the countries. For Pakistani companies, the human resources management strategy and the growth and expansion strategy were found to be the most valuable and yielded high production. The most frequent outputs were the relationship between the family and their business, as well as family beliefs and religion. In the case of the Czech owner, there is only a strategy of competitiveness that provides equal output. The results here were related to economic performance. An innovative approach is the use of the DEA method, which sets the production-possibility frontier and thus determines which strategies are currently inefficient.

在本文中,我们观察了战略的使用与家族企业目标的关系是如何有效的。采用DEA对2024年春季访谈收集的数据进行处理。受访者是小型家族企业的所有者;从每个国家获得169份有效答复。评估反映了两国之间的差异。对于巴基斯坦公司来说,人力资源管理战略和增长扩张战略是最有价值的,并产生了很高的产量。最常见的产出是家庭与其企业之间的关系,以及家庭信仰和宗教。在捷克所有者的案例中,只有一种竞争力战略能够提供相等的产出。这里的结果与经济表现有关。一种创新的方法是使用DEA方法,它设定了生产可能性边界,从而确定哪些策略目前效率低下。
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引用次数: 0
Generative AI in International Business Research: A Guide to Ethical and Responsible Application 生成人工智能在国际商业研究:道德和负责任的应用指南
IF 2.2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1002/tie.22415
Mamoun Benmamoun

As generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) becomes more prevalent in academic circles, this article probes its ethical and practical integration in international business (IB) research. It explores the different phases of the research process where GenAI can be effectively employed, including idea generation, data analysis, and writing and communication. Notably, the article emphasizes the critical importance of upholding responsible and ethical standards when incorporating GenAI into IB research, guaranteeing that its utilization not only contributes to knowledge advancement but also conforms to the highest research integrity benchmarks.

随着生成式人工智能(GenAI)在学术界的普及,本文探讨了其在国际商务(IB)研究中的伦理和实践整合。它探讨了GenAI可以有效应用的研究过程的不同阶段,包括创意产生、数据分析、写作和交流。值得注意的是,文章强调了在将GenAI纳入IB研究时坚持负责任和道德标准的重要性,确保其利用不仅有助于知识进步,而且符合最高的研究诚信基准。
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引用次数: 0
Stimuli Behind SMEs' Export Decisions: Evidence From an Emerging Country During the COVID-19 Pandemic 中小企业出口决策背后的刺激因素:一个新兴国家在 COVID-19 大流行期间的证据
IF 2.2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1002/tie.22410
Murat Anil Mercan, Halit Keskin, Ozan Kalaycıoğlu, Doğan Başar

Executive Summary

In this study, we focus on small and medium enterprise management's motivations for exporting and the effects of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic on exports. Turkish firms registered as exporter companies in official export unions as of March 2022 were surveyed. A total of 17 questions were included in the survey: seven questions on proactive reasons, six questions on reactive reasons, and four questions regarding the pandemic. One-way ANOVA was used for analyses. The results suggest that tax benefits are among the most important determinants of exporting for larger companies. Another important reason, according to managers, is that firms can achieve economies of scale through exporting. Additionally, our findings suggest that even if firms seek to take advantage of export opportunities created by the pandemic, exporting does not happen as expected. Our study makes several important contributions to the literature because it is the first to measure the effects of COVID-19 on exporting from the perspective of managers. Additionally, we investigate the management's motivations for exporting using microdata from Türkiye.

Managerial Implications of the Study

This study shows the importance of the determinants of exports from a managerial perspective. Therefore, our study will be of great help to managers when they decide to start exporting. It also provides them with an opportunity to understand what other managers consider important in exports.

Originality/Value

This study provides information about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on exporting from managers' perspectives and investigates management's motivations for exporting using microdata from Türkiye, which has not been previously studied.

内容提要 在本研究中,我们重点关注中小企业管理层的出口动机以及冠状病毒病-19(COVID-19)大流行对出口的影响。我们对截至 2022 年 3 月在官方出口联盟注册为出口公司的土耳其企业进行了调查。调查共包括 17 个问题:7 个关于主动原因的问题、6 个关于被动原因的问题和 4 个关于大流行病的问题。分析采用单因素方差分析。结果表明,税收优惠是大型公司出口的最重要决定因素之一。经理们认为,另一个重要原因是企业可以通过出口实现规模经济。此外,我们的研究结果表明,即使企业寻求利用大流行病带来的出口机会,出口也不会像预期的那样发生。我们的研究为相关文献做出了多项重要贡献,因为它首次从管理者的角度衡量了 COVID-19 对出口的影响。此外,我们还利用图尔基耶的微观数据调查了管理层的出口动机。 本研究的管理意义本研究从管理角度说明了出口决定因素的重要性。因此,当管理者决定开始出口时,我们的研究将对他们大有帮助。原创性/价值本研究从管理者的角度提供了 COVID-19 大流行对出口影响的信息,并利用土耳其的微观数据调查了管理者的出口动机,这在以前的研究中还没有过。
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引用次数: 0
Subnational Institutional Differences and FDI Spillovers Behind the R&D–Performance Relationship in Russia 俄罗斯研发与绩效关系背后的次国家体制差异和外国直接投资溢出效应
IF 2.2 Q3 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/tie.22413
Sergey Lebedev, Mike W. Peng

This study explores how subnational institutional differences in a large emerging economy—Russia—influence the relationship between research and development (R&D), foreign direct investment (FDI) spillovers, and firm performance. We find that the relationship between R&D and firm performance is positively moderated by subnational institutional development. Furthermore, we find that FDI will more positively moderate the relationship between R&D and firm performance if subnational institutional development is also higher, thus showing that subnational institutional development may foster the positive spillover effect of FDI on local firms.

本研究探讨了一个大型新兴经济体--俄罗斯--的次国家体制差异如何影响研究与开发(R&D)、外国直接投资(FDI)溢出效应和企业绩效之间的关系。我们发现,研究与开发(R&D)与企业绩效之间的关系受到次国家制度发展的正向调节。此外,我们还发现,如果国家以下各级的制度发展水平也较高,那么外国直接投资会更积极地调节研发与企业绩效之间的关系,从而表明国家以下各级的制度发展可以促进外国直接投资对本地企业的积极溢出效应。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Thunderbird International Business Review
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