Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1177/15412040241313372
A. T. H. Kleeven, E. L. B. Hilterman, E. A. Mulder, A. Popma, M. de Vries Robbé
Forensic interventions aim to mitigate risk, yet research on change measured through repeated risk assessment is scarce, particularly regarding protective factors. This study examined changes in risk and protective factors during intervention and the impact of change on violent recidivism. Trajectories of 175 male justice involved youth with a history of violence were modeled using multilevel mixture modelling. Findings reveal that youths abstaining from violence displayed fewer risk factors and more protective factors at discharge. Assessments at discharge predicted recidivism. Change scores on several SAVRY/SAPROF-YV subscales over time demonstrated incremental predictive validity above and beyond assessments at discharge, emphasizing the necessity of personalized interventions and considering individual change alongside one’s overall risk level to inform more effective interventions. These insights advocate for balanced approaches informed by repeated assessments encompassing both risk and protective factors.
{"title":"Trajectories of Justice Involved Youth: Changing Risk and Protective Factors for Violence","authors":"A. T. H. Kleeven, E. L. B. Hilterman, E. A. Mulder, A. Popma, M. de Vries Robbé","doi":"10.1177/15412040241313372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040241313372","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic interventions aim to mitigate risk, yet research on change measured through repeated risk assessment is scarce, particularly regarding protective factors. This study examined changes in risk and protective factors during intervention and the impact of change on violent recidivism. Trajectories of 175 male justice involved youth with a history of violence were modeled using multilevel mixture modelling. Findings reveal that youths abstaining from violence displayed fewer risk factors and more protective factors at discharge. Assessments at discharge predicted recidivism. Change scores on several SAVRY/SAPROF-YV subscales over time demonstrated incremental predictive validity above and beyond assessments at discharge, emphasizing the necessity of personalized interventions and considering individual change alongside one’s overall risk level to inform more effective interventions. These insights advocate for balanced approaches informed by repeated assessments encompassing both risk and protective factors.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1177/15412040241308527
Jamie Yoder, Lori Brusman Lovins, Adam Brown, Stuart Berry, Tim Bauerschmidt, Angela Morgan, Nick Tucholski, Jill Haar, Brian Jimenez Fraile
Research has long demonstrated that adolescents with sexual problem behaviors (PSB-A) have variations in developmental antecedents and types of sexually problematic behaviors. The knowledge of adult and adolescent between-group variation has contributed to further complexities in classifying within-group differences in adolescents with typological research being at the forefront of this conversation. Despite some research using existing data sources to create typological distinctions via Latent Class Analysis (LCA), etiological research has not been prospectively integrated consistently or comprehensively when constructing and validating domains that then generate typological distinctions via LCA. The current study partnered with a midwestern specialized court docket to conduct an exploratory formative evaluation in developing and preliminarily validating a PSB-A typology tool that was then used to generate broad typological classifications of PSB-A. This work is an initial exploration study that will be expanded to a larger validation project using larger samples and prospective data collection procedures with the hope of offering court and clinical utility to aid in individualizing treatment and supervision of PSB-A.
{"title":"Evolving in Typological Research: The Development, Exploratory Validation, and Utility of a Typology Tool for Adolescents With Problematic Sexual Behaviors","authors":"Jamie Yoder, Lori Brusman Lovins, Adam Brown, Stuart Berry, Tim Bauerschmidt, Angela Morgan, Nick Tucholski, Jill Haar, Brian Jimenez Fraile","doi":"10.1177/15412040241308527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040241308527","url":null,"abstract":"Research has long demonstrated that adolescents with sexual problem behaviors (PSB-A) have variations in developmental antecedents and types of sexually problematic behaviors. The knowledge of adult and adolescent between-group variation has contributed to further complexities in classifying within-group differences in adolescents with typological research being at the forefront of this conversation. Despite some research using existing data sources to create typological distinctions via Latent Class Analysis (LCA), etiological research has not been prospectively integrated consistently or comprehensively when constructing and validating domains that then generate typological distinctions via LCA. The current study partnered with a midwestern specialized court docket to conduct an exploratory formative evaluation in developing and preliminarily validating a PSB-A typology tool that was then used to generate broad typological classifications of PSB-A. This work is an initial exploration study that will be expanded to a larger validation project using larger samples and prospective data collection procedures with the hope of offering court and clinical utility to aid in individualizing treatment and supervision of PSB-A.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1177/15412040241305327
Carter Hay, Emily Hargrove, Kimberly M. Davidson, Ashton Cobb
Impact of crime (IOC) interventions are delivered to justice-involved populations to increase sensitivity to and awareness of the harm experienced by crime victims. Such programs are common, but empirical evaluations have been rare. This study addressed that gap by evaluating an IOC intervention used with residential youth in Florida. The study focused on two questions. First, did IOC participants experience improvement on key outcomes? Second, was improvement affected by key individual qualities of youth? Pre- and post-intervention survey data were collected for 419 IOC participants on five outcomes: Sensitivity to victim impact, willingness to take responsibility, antisocial thinking, readiness to make life changes, and factual awareness of victim impact. The analysis revealed that all five outcomes were marked by significant pre-to-post improvements. There was individual variation, with some youth showing substantial improvement and others showing modest improvement or iatrogenic effects. This pattern included modest evidence of greater improvement among those with extensive prior offending and lower improvement among Black youth. We conclude by describing the implications of these findings for the policy and practice of juvenile correctional treatment.
{"title":"Knowing and Caring About the Impact of Crime on Victims: Results From an Intervention for Justice-Involved Youth","authors":"Carter Hay, Emily Hargrove, Kimberly M. Davidson, Ashton Cobb","doi":"10.1177/15412040241305327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040241305327","url":null,"abstract":"Impact of crime (IOC) interventions are delivered to justice-involved populations to increase sensitivity to and awareness of the harm experienced by crime victims. Such programs are common, but empirical evaluations have been rare. This study addressed that gap by evaluating an IOC intervention used with residential youth in Florida. The study focused on two questions. First, did IOC participants experience improvement on key outcomes? Second, was improvement affected by key individual qualities of youth? Pre- and post-intervention survey data were collected for 419 IOC participants on five outcomes: Sensitivity to victim impact, willingness to take responsibility, antisocial thinking, readiness to make life changes, and factual awareness of victim impact. The analysis revealed that all five outcomes were marked by significant pre-to-post improvements. There was individual variation, with some youth showing substantial improvement and others showing modest improvement or iatrogenic effects. This pattern included modest evidence of greater improvement among those with extensive prior offending and lower improvement among Black youth. We conclude by describing the implications of these findings for the policy and practice of juvenile correctional treatment.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1177/15412040241298282
Jeremiah W. Jaggers, Caitlin Lau, Whitney Howey, Patricia K. Kerig
Research has shown that focusing on patterns across concurrent mental health problems may increase accuracy and treatment efficacy, potentially reducing further justice system involvement. This is critical given that over one-third of girls and two-thirds of boys exhibit significant mental health problems fifteen years after release from detention. The purpose of this study was to identify mental health risk profiles of justice-involved youth. Secondarily, the differentiating impact of trauma and race on those groups was examined. Latent profile analysis was used to identify mental health risk profiles among boys ( n = 3550) and girls ( n = 1212) involved in the juvenile justice system. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the impact of trauma exposure and race on class membership. A 4-class model was determined to have the best fit for both boys and girls. Logistic regression showed that levels of trauma significantly differed across classes. In addition, some racial differences were noted for both boy and girl classification profiles. Results of this study demonstrate that there are patterns of underlying mental health concerns among youth in the juvenile justice system. Moreover, these patterns are associated with traumatic experiences, further demonstrating trauma exposure may be a gateway to other psychosocial challenges.
{"title":"Associations Between Traumatic Experiences and Mental Health Risk Profiles in Youth with Justice System Involvement","authors":"Jeremiah W. Jaggers, Caitlin Lau, Whitney Howey, Patricia K. Kerig","doi":"10.1177/15412040241298282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040241298282","url":null,"abstract":"Research has shown that focusing on patterns across concurrent mental health problems may increase accuracy and treatment efficacy, potentially reducing further justice system involvement. This is critical given that over one-third of girls and two-thirds of boys exhibit significant mental health problems fifteen years after release from detention. The purpose of this study was to identify mental health risk profiles of justice-involved youth. Secondarily, the differentiating impact of trauma and race on those groups was examined. Latent profile analysis was used to identify mental health risk profiles among boys ( n = 3550) and girls ( n = 1212) involved in the juvenile justice system. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the impact of trauma exposure and race on class membership. A 4-class model was determined to have the best fit for both boys and girls. Logistic regression showed that levels of trauma significantly differed across classes. In addition, some racial differences were noted for both boy and girl classification profiles. Results of this study demonstrate that there are patterns of underlying mental health concerns among youth in the juvenile justice system. Moreover, these patterns are associated with traumatic experiences, further demonstrating trauma exposure may be a gateway to other psychosocial challenges.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1177/15412040241291968
Jennifer H. Peck
Prior research on race/ethnicity and juvenile court processing have found that youth of color often receive disadvantaged outcomes compared to their White counterparts, and that community context may condition this relationship. The current study examined this association between race/ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic) and type of drug offense (possession vs. distribution) with adjudication and disposition outcomes, especially the tempering effect of disadvantaged community characteristics. Results from multi-level models indicated that Black youth who were charged with a drug distribution offense were more likely to receive residential placement compared to similarly situated Whites. Underclass poverty and racial/ethnic inequality moderated these associations, but the significance and direction of the results differed depending on the stage examined. The findings reveal ongoing racial/ethnic disparities in the juvenile justice system, and offer clearer insights into the conditions under which youth of color charged with different drug offenses are processed in juvenile court.
{"title":"The War on Drugs in Juvenile Court? The Influence of Community Context on Juvenile Court Outcomes for White, Black, and Hispanic Youth","authors":"Jennifer H. Peck","doi":"10.1177/15412040241291968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040241291968","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research on race/ethnicity and juvenile court processing have found that youth of color often receive disadvantaged outcomes compared to their White counterparts, and that community context may condition this relationship. The current study examined this association between race/ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic) and type of drug offense (possession vs. distribution) with adjudication and disposition outcomes, especially the tempering effect of disadvantaged community characteristics. Results from multi-level models indicated that Black youth who were charged with a drug distribution offense were more likely to receive residential placement compared to similarly situated Whites. Underclass poverty and racial/ethnic inequality moderated these associations, but the significance and direction of the results differed depending on the stage examined. The findings reveal ongoing racial/ethnic disparities in the juvenile justice system, and offer clearer insights into the conditions under which youth of color charged with different drug offenses are processed in juvenile court.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1177/15412040241271239
Rebecca L. Griffith, Paula Fite, Zuchao Shen
BackgroundYouth involved with the justice system are more vulnerable to trauma exposure and engaging in violent behavior. Trauma exposure is linked to increases in youth violence, however, the pathway from trauma to violence, including neurocognitive and neuropsychological mechanisms, is not well understood. The current study sought to test the influence of hostile attribution bias (HAB) and working memory on violence and whether these factors play a role in the link between trauma and violence among justice-involved youth.MethodsParticipants included 237 detained youth (Male = 81.0%, Mage = 15.22) who completed self-report surveys and working memory tasks.ResultsTrauma was significantly associated with violent behavior. HAB was related to physical violence; however, when trauma exposure was entered into subsequent models, HAB was no longer associated with violence. Lower levels of working memory were found to interact with HAB to increase the risk of physical violence. Mediation was not supported.ImplicationsThe current study supports universal trauma screening and trauma-informed care in justice facilities and suggests that neurocognitive functioning assessment and remediation are important to consider in treatment programming.
{"title":"Hostile Attribution Bias and Working Memory in the Link Between Trauma Exposure and Violence in Justice-Involved Youth","authors":"Rebecca L. Griffith, Paula Fite, Zuchao Shen","doi":"10.1177/15412040241271239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040241271239","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundYouth involved with the justice system are more vulnerable to trauma exposure and engaging in violent behavior. Trauma exposure is linked to increases in youth violence, however, the pathway from trauma to violence, including neurocognitive and neuropsychological mechanisms, is not well understood. The current study sought to test the influence of hostile attribution bias (HAB) and working memory on violence and whether these factors play a role in the link between trauma and violence among justice-involved youth.MethodsParticipants included 237 detained youth (Male = 81.0%, M<jats:sub>age</jats:sub> = 15.22) who completed self-report surveys and working memory tasks.ResultsTrauma was significantly associated with violent behavior. HAB was related to physical violence; however, when trauma exposure was entered into subsequent models, HAB was no longer associated with violence. Lower levels of working memory were found to interact with HAB to increase the risk of physical violence. Mediation was not supported.ImplicationsThe current study supports universal trauma screening and trauma-informed care in justice facilities and suggests that neurocognitive functioning assessment and remediation are important to consider in treatment programming.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.1177/15412040241241508
Calvin M. Langton, James R. Worling, Gabriela D. B. Sheinin
Despite efforts to incorporate protective factors or ‘strengths’ in applied risk assessments for criminal reoffending, there has been limited progress towards a consensus regarding what is meant by such terms, what effects predictors can exert, or how to describe such effects. This proof of concept study was undertaken to address those issues. A structured professional judgment tool was used to create lower and higher historical/static risk groups with a sample of 273 justice-involved male youth with sexual offenses followed over a fixed 3-year period. Using risk and protective poles to create pairs of dichotomous variables from trichotomously rated risk and protective items, risk-based exacerbation and risk-based protective effects were found. These varied in terms of whether the effect on the outcome of a new violent (including sexual) offense was larger, smaller, or absent for youth at higher or lower historical/static risk. Some of these potentially dynamic dichotomous variables were shown to have a protective (or risk) effect after controlling for both historical/static risk and that same item’s risk (or protective) effect. Some moderated the association between historical/static risk and recidivism, strengthening or reducing it. Terms for these effects and implications of incorporating strengths in research and applied practice were considered.
{"title":"A Second Proof of Concept Investigation of Strengths Using the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth Tool With Justice-Involved Youth: Item Level Risk-Based Effects and Interactions","authors":"Calvin M. Langton, James R. Worling, Gabriela D. B. Sheinin","doi":"10.1177/15412040241241508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040241241508","url":null,"abstract":"Despite efforts to incorporate protective factors or ‘strengths’ in applied risk assessments for criminal reoffending, there has been limited progress towards a consensus regarding what is meant by such terms, what effects predictors can exert, or how to describe such effects. This proof of concept study was undertaken to address those issues. A structured professional judgment tool was used to create lower and higher historical/static risk groups with a sample of 273 justice-involved male youth with sexual offenses followed over a fixed 3-year period. Using risk and protective poles to create pairs of dichotomous variables from trichotomously rated risk and protective items, risk-based exacerbation and risk-based protective effects were found. These varied in terms of whether the effect on the outcome of a new violent (including sexual) offense was larger, smaller, or absent for youth at higher or lower historical/static risk. Some of these potentially dynamic dichotomous variables were shown to have a protective (or risk) effect after controlling for both historical/static risk and that same item’s risk (or protective) effect. Some moderated the association between historical/static risk and recidivism, strengthening or reducing it. Terms for these effects and implications of incorporating strengths in research and applied practice were considered.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140291919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1177/15412040241232919
Lin Liu, Kristen M. Zgoba, Sabina Low
As compared to adult populations, there is a significant dearth of studies examining official misconduct among juveniles, leaving important gaps in our knowledge. Utilizing a sample of youth completing juvenile justice residential placement in Florida across four fiscal years ( n = 5739), the current study seeks to examine the joint effects of facility environment and individual characteristics on institutional misconduct, represented by aggression and academic misconduct in facilities. Academic Youths’ severity of criminal involvement, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), emotional and communication skills, and history of violence or drugs all contributed to explaining their aggression and academic misconduct in facilities. The level of institutional security consistently emerged as a significant predictor for academic misconduct and aggression. Aggression in facilities was more sensitive to the severity of ACEs. Policy implications and limitations are discussed.
{"title":"Aggression and Academic Misconduct Among Justice-Involved Youth: The Roles of Facility Environment, Adverse Childhood Experiences and Social Competency","authors":"Lin Liu, Kristen M. Zgoba, Sabina Low","doi":"10.1177/15412040241232919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040241232919","url":null,"abstract":"As compared to adult populations, there is a significant dearth of studies examining official misconduct among juveniles, leaving important gaps in our knowledge. Utilizing a sample of youth completing juvenile justice residential placement in Florida across four fiscal years ( n = 5739), the current study seeks to examine the joint effects of facility environment and individual characteristics on institutional misconduct, represented by aggression and academic misconduct in facilities. Academic Youths’ severity of criminal involvement, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), emotional and communication skills, and history of violence or drugs all contributed to explaining their aggression and academic misconduct in facilities. The level of institutional security consistently emerged as a significant predictor for academic misconduct and aggression. Aggression in facilities was more sensitive to the severity of ACEs. Policy implications and limitations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139938967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.1177/15412040241230259
Glenn D. Walters, Jonathan Kremser, Lindsey Runell
The gap in the literature this study sought to fill was whether a reduction in parental support or an increase in peer deviance during early adolescence explains the left or ascending side of the age-crime curve. Employing the control and social learning components of interactional theory as a guide and assessing longitudinal data provided by 845 early adolescent youth (406 boys, 439 girls) followed from a mean age of 11 (Wave 1) to a mean age of 13 (Wave 3), we assessed within-person change in perceived parental support/bonding, perceived peer deviance, and child delinquency using a random intercepts cross-lagged panel design. Results showed that decrements in perceived parental support but not increments in peer deviance between Waves 1 and 2 predicted a rise in delinquency from Wave 2 to Wave 3. Although there were no signs of a peer influence effect, there was evidence of a peer selection effect. As predicted, bidirectional effects failed to surface in this study. These findings support the social control aspects of interactional theory but not the bidirectional aspects and suggest that a criminogenic environment marked by a weakened parental bond may, in part, explain the left side of the age-crime curve.
{"title":"Does Decreased Parental Support/Bonding or Increased Peer Deviance Lead to a Rise in Delinquency in Early Adolescence? Investigating the Left Side of the Age-Crime Curve","authors":"Glenn D. Walters, Jonathan Kremser, Lindsey Runell","doi":"10.1177/15412040241230259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040241230259","url":null,"abstract":"The gap in the literature this study sought to fill was whether a reduction in parental support or an increase in peer deviance during early adolescence explains the left or ascending side of the age-crime curve. Employing the control and social learning components of interactional theory as a guide and assessing longitudinal data provided by 845 early adolescent youth (406 boys, 439 girls) followed from a mean age of 11 (Wave 1) to a mean age of 13 (Wave 3), we assessed within-person change in perceived parental support/bonding, perceived peer deviance, and child delinquency using a random intercepts cross-lagged panel design. Results showed that decrements in perceived parental support but not increments in peer deviance between Waves 1 and 2 predicted a rise in delinquency from Wave 2 to Wave 3. Although there were no signs of a peer influence effect, there was evidence of a peer selection effect. As predicted, bidirectional effects failed to surface in this study. These findings support the social control aspects of interactional theory but not the bidirectional aspects and suggest that a criminogenic environment marked by a weakened parental bond may, in part, explain the left side of the age-crime curve.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139939026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.1177/15412040231222435
Julie M. Krupa
Drawing on juvenile justice and social determinants of health literature, this study examines the influence of three levels of justice system contact among juveniles – police stop, arrest, adjudication – on depression, suicide ideation, and general health in young adulthood. Mahalanobis distance matching utilizing National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data test whether dosage of system contact negatively impacts health in young adulthood. Additional analyses compare within system contact differences to identify magnitude of health consequences for systems-involved individuals. Arrest and adjudication experiences as a juvenile negatively impacted at least one health outcome in young adulthood relative to those with no contact. Depression was significantly higher among those with an adjudication experience relative to those with an arrest experience. Results support further exploring juvenile justice system experiences as a social determinant of health.
{"title":"Examining Justice System Exposure Among Youth on Health in Young Adulthood: Does Dosage of Contact Matter?","authors":"Julie M. Krupa","doi":"10.1177/15412040231222435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040231222435","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on juvenile justice and social determinants of health literature, this study examines the influence of three levels of justice system contact among juveniles – police stop, arrest, adjudication – on depression, suicide ideation, and general health in young adulthood. Mahalanobis distance matching utilizing National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data test whether dosage of system contact negatively impacts health in young adulthood. Additional analyses compare within system contact differences to identify magnitude of health consequences for systems-involved individuals. Arrest and adjudication experiences as a juvenile negatively impacted at least one health outcome in young adulthood relative to those with no contact. Depression was significantly higher among those with an adjudication experience relative to those with an arrest experience. Results support further exploring juvenile justice system experiences as a social determinant of health.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"249 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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