Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18681
Z. Hafizi, I. N. Ibrahim, E. Vorathin
Structural health monitoring (SHM) of a composite structure is essential in maintaining the integrity of the structure. Over the years, various studies have reported on the use of conventional electrical sensors in analysing acoustic wave propagation for delamination detection. However, electrical sensors are associated with drawbacks such as high signal attenuation, are prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and are not suitable for harsh environments. Therefore, this paper reported on the use of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for delamination detection. Two composite structures with delamination sizes of 10 cm × 2 cm and 10 cm × 6 cm were fabricated. Two FBGs were bonded before and after the delamination. In addition, three trials of impacts were induced at the centre of the structure. Multiple signal parameters were obtained and analysed, which were the time delay, amplitude difference and velocity difference. The experimental results revealed that the time delay, amplitude and velocity analysis varied for both the delamination sizes with an average percentage of 42.36%, 97.09% and 42.39%, respectively. Therefore, it was confirmed that the increase in delamination size resulted in a longer time delay, higher signal amplitude attenuation and slower wave propagation.
复合结构的结构健康监测是保证结构完整性的重要手段。多年来，各种研究报道了使用传统的电子传感器来分析声波传播以进行分层检测。然而，电子传感器具有高信号衰减，容易受到电磁干扰(EMI)以及不适合恶劣环境等缺点。因此，本文报道了利用光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器进行分层检测。制备了两种脱层尺寸分别为10 cm × 2 cm和10 cm × 6 cm的复合材料结构。两个fbg在分层前和分层后被粘合。此外，在结构中心进行了三次冲击试验。得到并分析了多个信号参数，分别是时延、幅值差和速度差。实验结果表明，两种脱层尺寸的时间延迟、幅度和速度分析均不同，平均百分比分别为42.36%、97.09%和42.39%。因此，证实了分层尺寸的增加导致了更长的时间延迟，更高的信号幅度衰减和更慢的波传播。
{"title":"DELAMINATION DETECTION IN THIN-WALLED COMPOSITE STRUCTURES USING ACOUSTIC PITCH-CATCH TECHNIQUE WITH FIBER BRAGG GRATING SENSORS","authors":"Z. Hafizi, I. N. Ibrahim, E. Vorathin","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18681","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Structural health monitoring (SHM) of a composite structure is essential in maintaining the integrity of the structure. Over the years, various studies have reported on the use of conventional electrical sensors in analysing acoustic wave propagation for delamination detection. However, electrical sensors are associated with drawbacks such as high signal attenuation, are prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and are not suitable for harsh environments. Therefore, this paper reported on the use of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for delamination detection. Two composite structures with delamination sizes of 10 cm × 2 cm and 10 cm × 6 cm were fabricated. Two FBGs were bonded before and after the delamination. In addition, three trials of impacts were induced at the centre of the structure. Multiple signal parameters were obtained and analysed, which were the time delay, amplitude difference and velocity difference. The experimental results revealed that the time delay, amplitude and velocity analysis varied for both the delamination sizes with an average percentage of 42.36%, 97.09% and 42.39%, respectively. Therefore, it was confirmed that the increase in delamination size resulted in a longer time delay, higher signal amplitude attenuation and slower wave propagation. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":47541,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi-Sciences & Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44630198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18937
S. Vilu, R. Ahmad, U. S. Din, M. A. Alias
A novel proposition has been introduced in this study for resolving delay differential equations (DDEs) of nature that is a composite in reference to Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) along with Sumudu transform. A rare transform called the Sumudu transform is used alongside the perturbation theory. Demonstration of this new methodology is shown by solving a few numerical cases. Reducing the complication of computational tasks associated to the conservative means is the objective of this research. Results display the amount of valuation being reduced and is as good as in the previous studies as well in comparison.
{"title":"RESOLVING DELAY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH HOMOTOPY PERTURBATION AND SUMUDU TRANSFORM","authors":"S. Vilu, R. Ahmad, U. S. Din, M. A. Alias","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18937","url":null,"abstract":"A novel proposition has been introduced in this study for resolving delay differential equations (DDEs) of nature that is a composite in reference to Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) along with Sumudu transform. A rare transform called the Sumudu transform is used alongside the perturbation theory. Demonstration of this new methodology is shown by solving a few numerical cases. Reducing the complication of computational tasks associated to the conservative means is the objective of this research. Results display the amount of valuation being reduced and is as good as in the previous studies as well in comparison.","PeriodicalId":47541,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi-Sciences & Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49265477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.19382
M. L. Hakim, T. Tuswan, A. Firdaus, O. Mursid
The selection of a hull design with minimal drag is an important effort to reduce emission levels on ships. Two different hull shapes, U and V hulls, have unique properties that affect their drag production, which has been studied extensively in the past. This study aims to re-examine the differences between the two hull types by conducting a simple analysis of drag prediction results using empirical and numerical slender body methods. Both hull models in this study have the same size and volume. The results indicate that the U hull has a higher frictional resistance ( ) than the V hull due to its wider wetted surface area ( ). Additionally, the viscous pressure resistance ( ) and form factor coefficient ( ) of the U hull are also higher than those of the V hull. However, for Froude numbers (Fr) above 0.245, the U hull has lower wave resistance ( ) than the V hull, whereas for Fr below 0.245, the U hull has higher . Overall, the U hull produces a higher total resistance ( ) than the V hull at low speeds, but a lower at high speeds. Therefore, the choice of hull shape for minimizing a ship's resistance is influenced by the desired speed of service. If Fr is low, below 0.24, a V-shaped hull is more suitable. However, if Fr is higher than 0.24, a U-shaped hull is more appropriate.
{"title":"INVESTIGATING THE COMPARISON OF SHIP RESISTANCE COMPONENTS BETWEEN U AND V-SHAPED HULLS","authors":"M. L. Hakim, T. Tuswan, A. Firdaus, O. Mursid","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.19382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.19382","url":null,"abstract":"The selection of a hull design with minimal drag is an important effort to reduce emission levels on ships. Two different hull shapes, U and V hulls, have unique properties that affect their drag production, which has been studied extensively in the past. This study aims to re-examine the differences between the two hull types by conducting a simple analysis of drag prediction results using empirical and numerical slender body methods. Both hull models in this study have the same size and volume. The results indicate that the U hull has a higher frictional resistance ( ) than the V hull due to its wider wetted surface area ( ). Additionally, the viscous pressure resistance ( ) and form factor coefficient ( ) of the U hull are also higher than those of the V hull. However, for Froude numbers (Fr) above 0.245, the U hull has lower wave resistance ( ) than the V hull, whereas for Fr below 0.245, the U hull has higher . Overall, the U hull produces a higher total resistance ( ) than the V hull at low speeds, but a lower at high speeds. Therefore, the choice of hull shape for minimizing a ship's resistance is influenced by the desired speed of service. If Fr is low, below 0.24, a V-shaped hull is more suitable. However, if Fr is higher than 0.24, a U-shaped hull is more appropriate.","PeriodicalId":47541,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi-Sciences & Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46567196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18640
J. Sultan, E. Karash, Majid Kalel Najim
The oil quench and temper technique have a lot of benefits for heavy duty spring manufacture since it may expose the best balance of toughness and ductility, as well as increase fatigue life. The current study looked at the fatigue behavior of tempered AISI 5160 leaf spring steel samples at tempering temperatures of 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C, as well as isothermally heat- treated steel samples at 830 °C. All leaf spring steel samples that had undergone thermal tempering and isothermal heat treatment were then tested up to fracture utilizing rotational fatigue test equipment under the effect of various stress levels. All steel samples subjected to tempering heat treatments of 400°C to 600°C showed a decrease in hardness ratings. The Rockwell hardness ratings of the steel samples that treated to isothermal heat treatment increased significantly. Experimental fatigue testing revealed that the values of fatigue resistance for steel samples tempered at (400 and 450) °C temperatures dropped by a small amount. The fatigue resistance values for steel specimens tempered at 500 °C to 600 °C temperatures decreased more than the values for steel samples tempered at 500 to 600 °C temperatures. A fatigue resistance of steel samples that were treated to isothermal heat treatments, on the other hand, increased. Steel samples that were isothermally heat-treated at 830 °C and then chilled in a salt brine solution, on the other hand, showed an increase in fatigue resistance
{"title":"FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF TEMPERED AND ISOTHERMAL HEAT TREATED AISI 5160 LEAF SPRING STEEL","authors":"J. Sultan, E. Karash, Majid Kalel Najim","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18640","url":null,"abstract":"The oil quench and temper technique have a lot of benefits for heavy duty spring manufacture since it may expose the best balance of toughness and ductility, as well as increase fatigue life. The current study looked at the fatigue behavior of tempered AISI 5160 leaf spring steel samples at tempering temperatures of 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C, as well as isothermally heat- treated steel samples at 830 °C. All leaf spring steel samples that had undergone thermal tempering and isothermal heat treatment were then tested up to fracture utilizing rotational fatigue test equipment under the effect of various stress levels. All steel samples subjected to tempering heat treatments of 400°C to 600°C showed a decrease in hardness ratings. The Rockwell hardness ratings of the steel samples that treated to isothermal heat treatment increased significantly. Experimental fatigue testing revealed that the values of fatigue resistance for steel samples tempered at (400 and 450) °C temperatures dropped by a small amount. The fatigue resistance values for steel specimens tempered at 500 °C to 600 °C temperatures decreased more than the values for steel samples tempered at 500 to 600 °C temperatures. A fatigue resistance of steel samples that were treated to isothermal heat treatments, on the other hand, increased. Steel samples that were isothermally heat-treated at 830 °C and then chilled in a salt brine solution, on the other hand, showed an increase in fatigue resistance","PeriodicalId":47541,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi-Sciences & Engineering","volume":"879 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41278972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.15032
Madihah Md. Salleh, Rohaya Mohd Noor, A. Yahya, S. Abd-Aziz, H. Hussin
Lignin is the second most abundant component of lignocellulose biomass after cellulose with annual production of 70 million tons. Lignin constitutes between 15 to 40 percent of its dry weight, with varying composition in woody plants such as softwood (18-25%) and hardwood (27-33%), and non-woody plant such as grass (17-24%). The polyphenolic polymer is made up of three monolignols such as coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, and p-coumaryl alcohol that later forms an aromatic structure consisting of guaiacyl, syringyl, and p-hydroxyphenyl. The highly branched three-dimensional structure is both complex and recalcitrant, hence making its utilization difficult. However, the polymeric lignin can be extracted by various methods such as physical, chemical and biological. The extracted lignin has high potential to be converted into monomeric aromatic derivatives that could serve as a building block for chemical synthesis, biomaterials, bio-oils, wastewater treatment and food industry. The conversion involves several methods such as alkaline nitrobenzene, pyrolysis, catalytic technology, combustion, gasification, hydrocracking and oxidation.
{"title":"POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF LIGNIN AND ITS DERIVATIVES FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS – A REVIEW","authors":"Madihah Md. Salleh, Rohaya Mohd Noor, A. Yahya, S. Abd-Aziz, H. Hussin","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.15032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.15032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Lignin is the second most abundant component of lignocellulose biomass after cellulose with annual production of 70 million tons. Lignin constitutes between 15 to 40 percent of its dry weight, with varying composition in woody plants such as softwood (18-25%) and hardwood (27-33%), and non-woody plant such as grass (17-24%). The polyphenolic polymer is made up of three monolignols such as coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, and p-coumaryl alcohol that later forms an aromatic structure consisting of guaiacyl, syringyl, and p-hydroxyphenyl. The highly branched three-dimensional structure is both complex and recalcitrant, hence making its utilization difficult. However, the polymeric lignin can be extracted by various methods such as physical, chemical and biological. The extracted lignin has high potential to be converted into monomeric aromatic derivatives that could serve as a building block for chemical synthesis, biomaterials, bio-oils, wastewater treatment and food industry. The conversion involves several methods such as alkaline nitrobenzene, pyrolysis, catalytic technology, combustion, gasification, hydrocracking and oxidation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":47541,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi-Sciences & Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43820580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.16756
Md Azree Othuman Mydin
Lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) is widely recognised as a low-density concrete with multiple applications. Yet, since its weight is approximately half that of conventional concrete, its strength should also be lower. Hence, synthetic and natural short fibres were utilised by previous researchers to enhance the performance of LFC. The use of textiles as reinforcing elements has attracted substantial attention in recent years. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to conduct an experimental investigation to determine the engineering properties of LFC reinforced with fibreglass mesh netting. In this study, LFC samples with densities of 550 kg/m3 and 1150 kg/m3 were formulated using a constant cement-to-sand ratio of 1:1.5, and a cement-to-water ratio of 0.45. The LFC specimens were jacketed with 1 layer, 2 layers and 3 layers fibreglass netting. The properties determined were compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, porosity, water absorption, UPV and drying shrinkage. Accordingly, the results showed that the incorporation of fibreglass netting in LFC helps reduce the absorption of water and the porosity of LFC for all densities. In addition to crack control, fibreglass netting also improves the drying shrinkage, flexural, compressive, tensile strengths and UPV. The optimal engineering properties were achieved with the addition of 3-layer fiberglass netting for 1150 kg/m3 density LFC.
{"title":"ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT FOAMED CONCRETE STRENGTHEN WITH FIBREGLASS NETTING","authors":"Md Azree Othuman Mydin","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.16756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.16756","url":null,"abstract":"Lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) is widely recognised as a low-density concrete with multiple applications. Yet, since its weight is approximately half that of conventional concrete, its strength should also be lower. Hence, synthetic and natural short fibres were utilised by previous researchers to enhance the performance of LFC. The use of textiles as reinforcing elements has attracted substantial attention in recent years. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to conduct an experimental investigation to determine the engineering properties of LFC reinforced with fibreglass mesh netting. In this study, LFC samples with densities of 550 kg/m3 and 1150 kg/m3 were formulated using a constant cement-to-sand ratio of 1:1.5, and a cement-to-water ratio of 0.45. The LFC specimens were jacketed with 1 layer, 2 layers and 3 layers fibreglass netting. The properties determined were compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, porosity, water absorption, UPV and drying shrinkage. Accordingly, the results showed that the incorporation of fibreglass netting in LFC helps reduce the absorption of water and the porosity of LFC for all densities. In addition to crack control, fibreglass netting also improves the drying shrinkage, flexural, compressive, tensile strengths and UPV. The optimal engineering properties were achieved with the addition of 3-layer fiberglass netting for 1150 kg/m3 density LFC.","PeriodicalId":47541,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi-Sciences & Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41363363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.19019
Mariani Ahmad, A. Ahmad, T. Omar, Hafiza Mohamed Zuki, Marinah Mohd Ariffin
Total alkalinity is one of the important parameter in the regulation of seawater carbonate chemistry system to determine the capacity of water to neutralize acid. In this paper, a new proton pump membrane was successfully modified using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a supporting material due to its excellent chemical properties. The surface morphology of the membrane was thoroughly studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), which showed the presence of pore structure, ascribed to the presence of low molecular weight of PVP. The absorption of membrane was studied using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, where the peak appeared at 539 nm-1. The functional group of the modified membrane was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and the spectra showed almost similar between modified membrane with PVP and without PVP. The electrochemical behaviour of the membrane was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using gold (Au) electrode and the resulting voltammogram showed that the modified membrane with PVP has higher current reading compared to the membrane without PVP, indicating that there is redox reaction occured during the immobilization. The condition and perfomance of modified proton pump membrane with PVP was compared and analyzed.
{"title":"MODIFICATION OF PROTON PUMP MEMBRANE USING POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP) FOR POTENTIAL TOTAL ALKALINITY SENSING","authors":"Mariani Ahmad, A. Ahmad, T. Omar, Hafiza Mohamed Zuki, Marinah Mohd Ariffin","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.19019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.19019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Total alkalinity is one of the important parameter in the regulation of seawater carbonate chemistry system to determine the capacity of water to neutralize acid. In this paper, a new proton pump membrane was successfully modified using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a supporting material due to its excellent chemical properties. The surface morphology of the membrane was thoroughly studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), which showed the presence of pore structure, ascribed to the presence of low molecular weight of PVP. The absorption of membrane was studied using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, where the peak appeared at 539 nm-1. The functional group of the modified membrane was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and the spectra showed almost similar between modified membrane with PVP and without PVP. The electrochemical behaviour of the membrane was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using gold (Au) electrode and the resulting voltammogram showed that the modified membrane with PVP has higher current reading compared to the membrane without PVP, indicating that there is redox reaction occured during the immobilization. The condition and perfomance of modified proton pump membrane with PVP was compared and analyzed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":47541,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi-Sciences & Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42076606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18815
Omed Mohammed Pirot, S. Harun
Sediment transport is the movement of organic and inorganic particles caused by gravity, a moving fluid’s force, the wind, and ice motion. Sediment deposition degrades dams’ safety, leading to environmental pollution and channel area reduction. This study describes the effect of the weir height and spacing of used and non-used rectangular configuration structures on sediment transport rates in an open channel. This project was created using a rectangular open channel (30 cm wide and 60 cm deep). A sharp-crested weir was installed in the channel, and the rectangular wooden configurations were fixed in specific locations on each weir to reduce the bedload transportation rate and sediment motion. The weir heights were different (0.25B, 0.35B, 0.45B, and 0.55B, where B is the channel width). Also, the spacing between the baffle blocks (S) was set to 4Y, 8Y, 12Y, and 16Y, where Y was the maximum water depth without installing blocks and weirs. The results showed that the maximum transported bedload for the lowest weir was 1.4 kg/min, but only 4.4 × 10-3 kg/min was transported for the weir 16.5-cm high with baffle blocks. Using long baffle blocks yielded a worse result than using no blocks. The sediment-transport rate increased to 1.66 kg/min for the 7.5-cm weir due to block configurations. In conclusion, the obtained result contradicts the predicted result, as using baffle blocks increased the sediment transportation rate.
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF THE CHANNEL BED RECTANGULAR CONFIGURATION ON SEDIMENT TRANSPORTATION","authors":"Omed Mohammed Pirot, S. Harun","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18815","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Sediment transport is the movement of organic and inorganic particles caused by gravity, a moving fluid’s force, the wind, and ice motion. Sediment deposition degrades dams’ safety, leading to environmental pollution and channel area reduction. This study describes the effect of the weir height and spacing of used and non-used rectangular configuration structures on sediment transport rates in an open channel. This project was created using a rectangular open channel (30 cm wide and 60 cm deep). A sharp-crested weir was installed in the channel, and the rectangular wooden configurations were fixed in specific locations on each weir to reduce the bedload transportation rate and sediment motion. The weir heights were different (0.25B, 0.35B, 0.45B, and 0.55B, where B is the channel width). Also, the spacing between the baffle blocks (S) was set to 4Y, 8Y, 12Y, and 16Y, where Y was the maximum water depth without installing blocks and weirs. The results showed that the maximum transported bedload for the lowest weir was 1.4 kg/min, but only 4.4 × 10-3 kg/min was transported for the weir 16.5-cm high with baffle blocks. Using long baffle blocks yielded a worse result than using no blocks. The sediment-transport rate increased to 1.66 kg/min for the 7.5-cm weir due to block configurations. In conclusion, the obtained result contradicts the predicted result, as using baffle blocks increased the sediment transportation rate.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":47541,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi-Sciences & Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48683569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18703
Qasim Mohammed Shakir, H. K. Hannon
In the present study, a new model of hybrid deep beams has been proposed and discussed. Six specimens are tested experimentally with two types of loading which are one-point and two-point loading and two hybridization models for concrete section. It is aimed from this study to search for the optimum distribution of the concrete types of the hybrid deep beams such that the lowest cost and weight to be reached with keeping the capacity without significant reduction. All specimens had the same dimensions, overall span of 1700 mm, 180 mm wide and 450 mm overall depth and the same steel reinforcement details. Results showed an increase in the capacity in the horizontal and the arched hybrid model by 27.6% and 39%, respectively, with one-point system. Moreover, toughness, enhanced by 44% and 131% for the two models respectively whereas, stiffness enhanced by 6.5% and 34.2% respectively and ductility enhanced by 0% and 31.2% respectively. For tests under two point loads, capacity enhanced by 34% and 36.9%, respectively, Toughness increased by 188% and 301% respectively. Stiffness enhanced by 7.5% and 29.4% respectively. Ductility enhanced by 40.3% and 95.1% respectively.
{"title":"A NOVEL HYBRID MODEL OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DEEP BEAMS WITH CURVED HYBRIDIZATION","authors":"Qasim Mohammed Shakir, H. K. Hannon","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18703","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, a new model of hybrid deep beams has been proposed and discussed. Six specimens are tested experimentally with two types of loading which are one-point and two-point loading and two hybridization models for concrete section. It is aimed from this study to search for the optimum distribution of the concrete types of the hybrid deep beams such that the lowest cost and weight to be reached with keeping the capacity without significant reduction. All specimens had the same dimensions, overall span of 1700 mm, 180 mm wide and 450 mm overall depth and the same steel reinforcement details. Results showed an increase in the capacity in the horizontal and the arched hybrid model by 27.6% and 39%, respectively, with one-point system. Moreover, toughness, enhanced by 44% and 131% for the two models respectively whereas, stiffness enhanced by 6.5% and 34.2% respectively and ductility enhanced by 0% and 31.2% respectively. For tests under two point loads, capacity enhanced by 34% and 36.9%, respectively, Toughness increased by 188% and 301% respectively. Stiffness enhanced by 7.5% and 29.4% respectively. Ductility enhanced by 40.3% and 95.1% respectively.","PeriodicalId":47541,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi-Sciences & Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49517452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.19050
Ainur Awanis Mohd Badiazaman, K. S. Mohd, Nurfarahana Md Zin, H. Mohamad, A. Aziz
Propolis is a natural substance produced by the bees to protect their hive. The present work reports the utilization of chemical profiling and fingerprinting combined with multivariate analysis for discrimination of the geographical origin of Malaysian stingless bee propolis. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) has been performed to profile the chemical composition of Geniotrigona thoracica propolis from different localities in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia namely Besut, Terengganu (BST), Dungun, Terengganu (DGN), Lundang, Kelantan (LDG), Tanah Merah, Kelantan (TM) and Gua Musang, Kelantan (GM). The obtained HPTLC profiles showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics and terpenoids in propolis. The chemical fingerprinting was obtained through Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Chemometric analysis on FTIR dataset using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) have classified the propolis into three major groups according to their sampling locations. Chemical fingerprinting analysis on the functional group via FTIR and chemometric revealed that the locations of propolis have direct correlation with the chemical composition, thus affecting the biological activities of propolis. Both chemical marker and chemical fingerprinting analysis are important tools in propolis standardization.
{"title":"HPTLC PROFILING AND FTIR FINGERPRINTING COUPLED WITH CHEMOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MALAYSIAN STINGLESS BEE PROPOLIS","authors":"Ainur Awanis Mohd Badiazaman, K. S. Mohd, Nurfarahana Md Zin, H. Mohamad, A. Aziz","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.19050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.19050","url":null,"abstract":"Propolis is a natural substance produced by the bees to protect their hive. The present work reports the utilization of chemical profiling and fingerprinting combined with multivariate analysis for discrimination of the geographical origin of Malaysian stingless bee propolis. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) has been performed to profile the chemical composition of Geniotrigona thoracica propolis from different localities in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia namely Besut, Terengganu (BST), Dungun, Terengganu (DGN), Lundang, Kelantan (LDG), Tanah Merah, Kelantan (TM) and Gua Musang, Kelantan (GM). The obtained HPTLC profiles showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics and terpenoids in propolis. The chemical fingerprinting was obtained through Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Chemometric analysis on FTIR dataset using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) have classified the propolis into three major groups according to their sampling locations. Chemical fingerprinting analysis on the functional group via FTIR and chemometric revealed that the locations of propolis have direct correlation with the chemical composition, thus affecting the biological activities of propolis. Both chemical marker and chemical fingerprinting analysis are important tools in propolis standardization.","PeriodicalId":47541,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi-Sciences & Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48526136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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