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Drivers of changes in child nutritional conditions: A panel data-based study on Indonesian households, 1997–2014 儿童营养状况变化的驱动因素:基于面板数据的印度尼西亚家庭研究(1997-2014 年
IF 1.6 4区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/rode.13082
Maria C. Lo Bue
Using panel data from Indonesia, this paper analyzes short and long-term drivers of nutritional conditions among children aged 0–15 years. I estimate a Mundlak model in order to better account for the relatively larger “between” variation that is found in the data, and to control for endogeneity biases that may arise due to the correlation of unobserved heterogeneity and observed explanatory variables. As results suggest, children with older, more experienced mothers, and those breastfed, exhibit improved height outcomes, aligning with existing research on breastfeeding's positive health effects. While prior research emphasized the importance of maternal education, this study reveals that, once accounting for father's education, the long-term effect of the mother's education loses statistical significance. Finally, the findings of this study suggest that household wealth and access to adequate sanitation facilities strongly affect short -and long-run improvements in children anthropometric outcomes.
本文利用印度尼西亚的面板数据,分析了 0-15 岁儿童营养状况的短期和长期驱动因素。为了更好地解释数据中相对较大的 "之间 "差异,并控制由于未观察到的异质性和观察到的解释变量之间的相关性而可能产生的内生性偏差,我对蒙德拉克模型进行了估计。研究结果表明,母亲年龄更大、经验更丰富以及母乳喂养的儿童身高会有所提高,这与母乳喂养对健康产生积极影响的现有研究结果一致。以前的研究强调了母亲教育的重要性,而本研究发现,一旦考虑到父亲的教育,母亲教育的长期影响就失去了统计意义。最后,本研究的结果表明,家庭财富和获得适当卫生设施的机会对儿童人体测量结果的短期和长期改善有很大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Research collaboration in development economics 发展经济学研究合作
IF 1.6 4区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1111/rode.13078
Verónica Amarante, Julieta Zurbrigg
Achieving greater geographical diversity in economics in general, and in the field of development in particular, is a desirable objective due to ethical and utilitarian reasons. In this article, we analyze geographical diversity in the main academic journals of the discipline, providing a detailed look at articles written in collaboration between researchers from developed and developing countries. Our results confirm the striking prevalence of articles written by researchers based in developed countries. We also detect an increase in collaborative research in time and highlight the importance of non‐academic institutions in the conformation of these collaborative research teams. In terms of contents, most of these collaborations address the study of a country or a region, and many of them are empirical, mainly using quantitative approaches. Integrating a collaborative research team allows researchers located in the developing world to publish in higher quality journals and get more impact, at least in terms of citations.
出于伦理和功利的原因,在经济学,特别是发展领域实现更大的地域多样性是一个理想的目标。在本文中,我们分析了该学科主要学术期刊的地域多样性,详细介绍了发达国家和发展中国家研究人员合作撰写的文章。我们的研究结果证实,由发达国家研究人员撰写的文章非常普遍。我们还发现,随着时间的推移,合作研究越来越多,并强调了非学术机构在组建这些合作研究团队中的重要性。从内容上看,这些合作大多针对一个国家或地区的研究,其中许多是实证研究,主要使用定量方法。通过整合合作研究团队,发展中国家的研究人员可以在质量更高的期刊上发表论文,至少在引文方面产生更大的影响。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of CO2 emissions and climate on economic growth and productivity: International evidence 二氧化碳排放和气候对经济增长和生产力的影响:国际证据
IF 1.6 4区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1111/rode.13075
Nikos Rigas, Konstantinos Elias Kounetas
In this study, we apply a detailed country level data in the 1961–2015 period to investigate the relationship between weather variables, CO2, share of renewable energy sources, gross domestic product, and total factor productivity in a standard Cobb–Douglas production function by using an instrumental variable approach. Our findings suggest that economic growth has been positively affected by temperature and CO2 emissions, while climate vulnerability varies significantly between rich-poor countries. Furthermore, the negative nexus between renewable sources and CO2 emissions demonstrates its importance for optimal environmental policies design while an inverted U-shaped relationship for temperature and emissions.
在本研究中,我们运用 1961-2015 年期间详细的国家级数据,通过工具变量法研究了标准柯布-道格拉斯生产函数中天气变量、二氧化碳、可再生能源份额、国内生产总值和全要素生产率之间的关系。我们的研究结果表明,经济增长受到气温和二氧化碳排放的积极影响,而气候脆弱性在富国和穷国之间存在显著差异。此外,可再生能源与二氧化碳排放量之间的负相关关系表明了其对优化环境政策设计的重要性,而温度与排放量之间则存在倒 U 型关系。
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引用次数: 0
Average and heterogeneous effects of smallholder farm sizes on dietary diversity in northern Ghana 加纳北部小农农场规模对膳食多样性的平均和异质性影响
IF 1.6 4区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/rode.13076
Kwabena Nyarko Addai, John N. Ng'ombe, Omphile Temoso
The relationship between farm size and dietary diversity has recently gained attention among development practitioners and policymakers. To study this issue, we utilized cross-sectional data from 900 farm households in Northern Ghana. The analysis employs three econometric approaches—ordinary least squares, two-stage least squares, and instrumental variable (IV) quantile regression. We subjected our estimates to Conley-Hansen-Rossi bound tests to assess the validity of total farmland under household control as an IV for farm size, which serves to illustrate the robustness of the causal inferences linking farm size to household dietary diversity. The results show that a 1-ha increase in cultivated land improves household dietary diversity score by 3.221 units. The effect of cultivated land on dietary diversity is enhanced by market information, use of improved seeds, chemical fertilizers and herbicides, and overall household asset value. In conclusion, the results indicate that farm size increases household dietary diversity when moving along the dietary diversity distribution. This highlights the importance of considering the influence of farm size at different points along the conditional dietary diversity score distribution, as relying solely on mean effects may obscure important counteracting effects.
农场规模与饮食多样性之间的关系最近受到了发展实践者和政策制定者的关注。为了研究这个问题,我们利用了加纳北部 900 户农户的横截面数据。分析采用了三种计量经济学方法--普通最小二乘法、两阶段最小二乘法和工具变量(IV)量化回归。我们对估计值进行了康利-汉森-罗西约束检验,以评估家庭控制下的耕地总量作为农场规模 IV 的有效性,从而说明农场规模与家庭膳食多样性之间因果关系推论的稳健性。结果显示,耕地面积每增加 1 公顷,家庭膳食多样性得分提高 3.221 个单位。耕地对膳食多样性的影响因市场信息、改良种子、化肥和除草剂的使用以及家庭资产总值而增强。总之,研究结果表明,当沿着膳食多样性分布移动时,农场规模会增加家庭膳食多样性。这突出了考虑农场规模在条件膳食多样性得分分布的不同点上的影响的重要性,因为仅仅依靠平均效应可能会掩盖重要的抵消效应。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of crime on mental health in South Africa 犯罪对南非心理健康的影响
IF 1.6 4区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/rode.13074
Magda Tsaneva, Lauren-Kate LaPlante
This paper examines the impact of district-level crime rates in South Africa on individual depression symptoms. We use panel data from the National Income Dynamics Survey collected between 2008 and 2014 and estimate an individual fixed effects regression model, thus controlling for characteristics of the individual's environment that could affect crime and mental health. We find that an increase of one standard deviation in property (violent) crime is associated with a 7.2 (8.7) percentage point increase in the probability of depression symptoms. Analysis of potential mechanisms suggests that indirect exposure to crime likely affects mental health by increasing stress rather than by changing physical health or labor market outcomes.
本文考察了南非地区犯罪率对个体抑郁症状的影响。我们使用了2008年至2014年间收集的国民收入动态调查的面板数据,并估计了个人固定效应回归模型,从而控制了可能影响犯罪和心理健康的个人环境特征。我们发现,财产(暴力)犯罪每增加一个标准差,出现抑郁症状的概率就会增加7.2(8.7)个百分点。对潜在机制的分析表明,间接接触犯罪可能通过增加压力而不是通过改变身体健康或劳动力市场结果来影响心理健康。
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引用次数: 0
Migration, income pooling and food deprivation 移民、收入汇集和食物匮乏
IF 1.6 4区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/rode.13073
Gift Dafuleya
Income pooling in the context of geographically stretched households, that is, households with migrants who maintain close relations and economic ties with household members left behind, is examined in this article. The focus is also directed at evaluating whether migration assists in reducing food deprivation in the household of origin. A model to generalise the relationship between the migrant and the family left behind is presented and then applied to Bulawayo, the second largest city in Zimbabwe. The analysis is tripartite. First, the determinants of migrant remittances are established; second, tests of income pooling between migrant remittances and income of the household at origin are conducted; and third, the impact of migration on the family left behind is examined in the context of food deprivation. Results show that gender is not a determinant of remittances, but it matters for income pooling of remittances with income at the household of origin on frequent and low-cost purchases. The evidence provided challenges the idea that a household is a separate and independent unit composed of co-residents eating from the same pot.
本文考察了地理上延伸的家庭背景下的收入汇集,即与留守家庭成员保持密切关系和经济联系的移民家庭。重点还在于评价移徙是否有助于减少原籍家庭的粮食匮乏。本文提出了一个概括移民和留守家庭关系的模型,并将其应用于津巴布韦第二大城市布拉瓦约。这个分析有三个方面。首先,确定了移民汇款的决定因素;其次,对移民汇款与原籍家庭收入之间的收入池进行了测试;第三,在食物匮乏的背景下考察移民对留守家庭的影响。结果表明,性别不是汇款的决定因素,但对于汇款与原籍家庭频繁和低成本购买的收入汇集很重要。这些证据挑战了这样一种观点,即一个家庭是一个独立的单位,由共同居住的人用同一个锅吃饭。
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引用次数: 0
Transferring remittances through central banks: A tool applied to the Guatemalan exchange rate 通过中央银行转移汇款:危地马拉汇率的一种工具
4区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1111/rode.13071
Arnoldo López‐Marmolejo, Daniel Ventosa‐Santaulària
Abstract Countries where the volume of remittances received represents a significant proportion of their gross domestic product usually face short‐term pressures on their exchange rates that are unrelated to their economic fundamentals. In this article, we analyze how a remittance payment system involving the central banks of the source and destination countries of such remittances could mitigate the pressures on the exchange rate in the receiving country. To quantify the possible effect of such a system, we make an estimate for the case of Guatemala. We also consider the other benefits this system might provide for recipient economies.
收到的汇款量占其国内生产总值很大比例的国家通常面临与其经济基本面无关的短期汇率压力。在本文中,我们分析了涉及汇款来源国和目的地国中央银行的汇款支付系统如何减轻接收国的汇率压力。为了量化这种制度可能产生的影响,我们对危地马拉的情况进行了估计。我们还考虑了这一制度可能为接受国提供的其他好处。
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引用次数: 0
Revenue losses from corporate tax avoidance: Estimations from the UNUWIDER Government Revenue Dataset 公司避税造成的收入损失:来自联合国经济和发展研究所政府收入数据集的估计
4区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1111/rode.13072
Alessandro Chiari
Abstract Corporate profit shifting to tax havens negatively impacts corporate tax revenue, particularly in low‐income countries. Two studies published in 2016 and 2018 have proven this correlation using data from 2013. In this paper, I use the 2021 version of the UNU‐WIDER Government Revenue Dataset (GRD) to estimate government revenue losses in 2019 and to observe possible changes associated with the release of the new dataset. My estimations indicate that global tax revenue losses in 2019 are around USD 480 billion if estimated using statutory tax rates, compared to USD 500 billion in 2013. The volume of tax revenue losses in 2019 increases to USD 600 billion if estimated using effective tax rates. In terms of GDP percentage, my estimations confirm the presence of a higher share of losses in low‐income, and more generally, in non‐OECD countries, and they show a higher intensity of tax avoidance practices in those countries. The results also suggest that the total level of tax revenue losses has plateaued, with no increase in losses occurring since 2013 if estimated using statutory tax rates, while an increasing trend is visible for estimates using effective tax rates, although not with the same magnitudes with respect to others recent studies.
企业利润向避税天堂转移对企业税收产生负面影响,尤其是在低收入国家。2016年和2018年发表的两项研究使用2013年的数据证明了这种相关性。在本文中,我使用2021年版本的UNU - WIDER政府收入数据集(GRD)来估计2019年的政府收入损失,并观察与新数据集发布相关的可能变化。我的估计表明,如果按法定税率估算,2019年全球税收损失约为4800亿美元,而2013年为5000亿美元。如果使用有效税率估算,2019年的税收损失将增至6000亿美元。就GDP百分比而言,我的估计证实了低收入国家,更普遍地说,在非经合组织国家,存在更高比例的损失,并且它们显示出这些国家避税行为的强度更高。研究结果还表明,税收损失的总水平已经趋于稳定,如果使用法定税率进行估算,自2013年以来税收损失没有增加,而使用有效税率进行估算,可以看到税收损失的增加趋势,尽管与其他近期研究的幅度不同。
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引用次数: 0
The case for mixed methods research: Embracing qualitative research to understand the (informal) economy 混合方法研究的案例:采用定性研究来理解(非正式)经济
4区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/rode.13069
Edward Cartwright, Eghosa Igudia
Abstract Economics has long shunned qualitative research methods, such as interviews, focus groups and observational studies, in preference for quantitative methods, such as empirical analysis of secondary data and field experiments. Moreover, recent years, with advances in econometric theory, have seen a notable increase in the size and quality of data sets that are needed to publish quantitative research in leading journals. This has the effect of significantly increasing the ‘entry costs’ for researchers interested in studying economic development. Crucially, it also limits the topics that can be studied. In particular, it focuses attention on issues and countries where large data sets exist or can be collected. In this paper, we argue that by putting too much weight on internal validity, economics has adopted a too narrow definition of ‘rigour’ and would benefit from embracing qualitative and mixed methods research. To illustrate our point, we pay particular attention to the informal economy. The informal economy is understudied by economists because of the lack of available quantitative data. We show that this fundamentally impacts our understanding of the wider economy. Qualitative research can enrich our understanding by providing a more complete and nuanced view of the economy.
长期以来,经济学一直回避定性研究方法,如访谈、焦点小组和观察性研究,而倾向于定量研究方法,如二手数据的实证分析和实地实验。此外,近年来,随着计量经济学理论的进步,在主要期刊上发表定量研究所需的数据集的规模和质量显著增加。这大大增加了对研究经济发展感兴趣的研究人员的“进入成本”。至关重要的是,它还限制了可以研究的主题。它特别关注存在或可以收集大量数据集的问题和国家。在本文中,我们认为,由于过于重视内部有效性,经济学对“严谨性”的定义过于狭隘,并将受益于采用定性和混合方法的研究。为了说明我们的观点,我们特别关注非正规经济。由于缺乏可用的定量数据,经济学家对非正规经济的研究不足。我们表明,这从根本上影响了我们对更广泛经济的理解。定性研究可以提供一个更完整、更细致的经济视角,从而丰富我们的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Analysing the informal economy: Data challenges, research design, and research transparency 分析非正规经济:数据挑战、研究设计和研究透明度
4区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1111/rode.13070
Rob Ackrill, Eghosa Igudia
Abstract Analyses of the informal economy are vital to understanding economic activity in developing countries, but challenges abound when analysing something that is so difficult to measure. In this article, we explore these challenges and what they mean for research and research design in studies of the informal economy. We review key economic theories developed to study the informal economy, before critically discussing the range of methods of data collection available for researchers. All approaches to data collection have limitations, yet many studies fail to reflect adequately on these in their design and presentation. In reviewing data sources for economic analyses of informality, we give particular attention to surveys designed and led by academic researchers, the consideration of which is omitted from leading official organisations' own reports on data collection in the informal economy. In the absence of a unifying theory and data sources that deliver the ‘comprehensive and accurate’ data called for by some authors we argue, first, that no one source of data is intrinsically superior; and second, that research on the informal economy must embrace transparency—around the data used, their alignment with the underlying theory adopted, and the detailed arrangements for data collection and analysis.
对非正规经济的分析对于理解发展中国家的经济活动至关重要,但在分析如此难以衡量的东西时,挑战比比皆是。在本文中,我们将探讨这些挑战,以及它们对非正式经济研究中的研究和研究设计的意义。在批判性地讨论研究人员可用的数据收集方法的范围之前,我们回顾了用于研究非正式经济的主要经济理论。所有的数据收集方法都有局限性,然而许多研究在其设计和呈现中未能充分反映这些局限性。在审查非正式经济分析的数据来源时,我们特别关注由学术研究人员设计和领导的调查,主要官方组织自己关于非正式经济数据收集的报告中省略了对这些调查的考虑。由于缺乏统一的理论和数据源来提供一些作者所要求的“全面而准确”的数据,我们认为,首先,没有一个数据来源本质上是优越的;第二,对非正规经济的研究必须具有透明度——围绕所使用的数据,它们与所采用的基本理论的一致性,以及数据收集和分析的详细安排。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Review of Development Economics
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