Theory & Psychology最新文献

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Psychology: Where history, culture, and biology meet 心理学：历史、文化和生物学的交汇点

IF 1.2 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Theory & Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.1177/09593543221131782

Tim Newton

This article argues that the same epistemological assumptions cannot be confidently applied in the transition from the biological to the social arenas of psychology, as a consequence of the sociocultural instability resulting from human linguistic and technological flair. To illustrate this contention, reference is made to historicist theses within critical and sociocultural psychology, the work of Ian Hacking and Norbert Elias, the centrality of language and technology to sociocultural instability, and the illustrative issues raised by cultural neuroscience and replication studies.

本文认为，由于人类语言和技术天赋导致的社会文化不稳定，同样的认识论假设不能自信地应用于心理学从生物学领域向社会领域的过渡。为了说明这一论点，我们参考了批判和社会文化心理学中的历史主义论文、Ian Hacking和Norbert Elias的工作、语言和技术在社会文化不稳定中的中心地位，以及文化神经科学和复制研究提出的说明性问题。

引用次数: 0

Acknowledgement of editorial consultants 编辑顾问致谢

IF 1.2 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Theory & Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1177/09593543221135707

引用次数: 0

Squaring the circle: From latent variables to theory-based measurement 圆周率：从潜在变量到基于理论的测量

IF 1.2 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Theory & Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/09593543221127985

M. Borgstede, F. Eggert

Psychometrics builds on the fundamental premise that psychological attributes are unobservable and need to be inferred from observable behavior. Consequently, psychometric procedures consist primarily in applying latent variable modeling, which statistically relates latent variables to manifest variables. However, latent variable modeling falls short of providing a theoretically sound definition of psychological attributes. Whereas in a pragmatic interpretation of latent variable modeling latent variables cannot represent psychological attributes at all, a realist interpretation of latent variable modeling implies that latent variables are empty placeholders for unknown attributes. The authors argue that psychological attributes can only be identified if they are defined within the context of substantive formal theory. Building on the structuralist view of scientific theories, they show that any successful application of such a theory necessarily produces specific values for the theoretical terms that are defined within the theory. Therefore, substantive formal theory is both necessary and sufficient for psychological measurement.

心理测量学建立在一个基本前提之上，即心理属性是不可观察的，需要从可观察的行为中推断出来。因此，心理测量程序主要包括应用潜在变量模型，该模型在统计上将潜在变量与显性变量联系起来。然而，潜在变量建模并不能为心理属性提供一个理论上合理的定义。在对潜在变量建模的语用解释中，潜在变量根本不能代表心理属性，而对潜在变量模型的现实主义解释意味着潜在变量是未知属性的空占位符。作者认为，只有在实质形式理论的背景下定义心理属性，才能识别心理属性。基于科学理论的结构主义观点，他们表明，这种理论的任何成功应用都必然会为理论中定义的理论术语产生特定的价值。因此，对心理测量而言，实质形式理论既是必要的，也是充分的。

引用次数: 10

Making therapy more transparent: On Kevin R. Smith’s therapeutic ethics 让治疗更透明：论凯文·R·史密斯的治疗伦理

IF 1.2 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Theory & Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/09593543221131271

Michiel Meijer

This review essay describes, analyzes, and evaluates Kevin R. Smith’s two supplementary short books, The Ethical Visions of Psychotherapy (2021) and Therapeutic Ethics in Context and in Dialogue (2021). It describes the main purpose of the books—to develop the idea of therapeutic ethics—summarizes the content, analyzes Smith’s main approach and goals, and evaluates his success in developing therapeutic ethics. The main recommendation is that, while Smith builds on Charles Taylor’s work in illuminating ways, there are yet further resources available in Taylor’s philosophy for developing therapeutic ethics in more detail.

这篇综述文章描述、分析和评价了凯文·R·史密斯的两本补充短篇书《心理治疗的伦理愿景》（2021）和《语境与对话中的治疗伦理》（2021年）。阐述了这些书的主要目的——发展治疗伦理学的思想——总结了内容，分析了史密斯的主要方法和目标，并评价了他在发展治疗伦理学方面的成功。主要建议是，虽然史密斯以启发性的方式建立在查尔斯·泰勒的工作基础上，但泰勒的哲学中还有更多的资源可用于更详细地发展治疗伦理。

引用次数: 0

A theoretical model of projects in motivated behavior 动机行为项目的理论模型

IF 1.2 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Theory & Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-10-13 DOI: 10.1177/09593543221126950

Vinicius Coscioni, M. P. Paixão, M. Teixeira

This article introduces a theoretical model of projects in motivated behavior. It begins with the discussion of two theoretical traditions that conceived a project as either an anticipation of action or a set of actions aimed at the same goals. The limitations of both traditions are discussed, and a project is then conceived as an integration of internal processes and actions. Next, a theoretical model of projects is presented, comprising cognitive, motivational, volitional, emotional, and behavioral components. A framework interrelating the different components of the model is presented. Considering the framework introduced, a project is then defined as a process comprising the formation, enactment, and maintenance of intentional structures and actions. The definition is comprehensive because it integrates both the previous theoretical traditions of the project in order to overcome the limitations of both. The applications of the new approach in existential theories and management sciences are discussed.

本文介绍了项目激励行为的理论模型。它始于对两种理论传统的讨论，这两种传统认为一个项目要么是对行动的预期，要么是针对相同目标的一系列行动。讨论了这两种传统的局限性，然后将项目设想为内部流程和行动的集成。接下来，提出了一个项目的理论模型，包括认知、动机、意志、情感和行为组成部分。提出了一个将模型的不同组成部分相互关联的框架。考虑到引入的框架，项目被定义为一个过程，包括有意结构和行动的形成、制定和维护。该定义是全面的，因为它融合了项目之前的理论传统，以克服两者的局限性。讨论了这种新方法在存在主义理论和管理科学中的应用。

引用次数: 2

A social ontology of grief 悲伤的社会本体论

IF 1.2 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Theory & Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-10-13 DOI: 10.1177/09593543221128231

A. Sköld

This article outlines a social ontology of grief. With the point of departure in a relational understanding of subjectivity and an intergenerational notion of death awareness, the author develops a nonessentialist and nonpathological understanding of the experience of losing part of oneself following the death of another. Losing part of oneself refers, on the one hand, to a shattered subject trying to understand and come to terms with the death of another and a shared lifeworld that is irremediably altered. On the other hand, the partiality of this loss implies that the surviving person is forced to struggle with the quandaries of living on. Thus, a social ontology of grief captures the irreducible and painful aspects related to the loss of significant others, as well as the ethical predicaments related to continued existence, which are not exempt from possibilities and hope.

这篇文章概述了悲伤的社会本体论。作者以对主体性的关系理解和代际死亡意识的概念为出发点，对在他人死亡后失去一部分自我的经历形成了一种非本质和非神学的理解。一方面，失去自己的一部分是指一个破碎的主体试图理解并接受另一个人的死亡，以及一个无法弥补的共同生活世界。另一方面，这种损失的偏袒意味着幸存的人被迫与生存的困境作斗争。因此，悲伤的社会本体论捕捉到了与重要他人的损失相关的不可减少和痛苦的方面，以及与持续存在相关的伦理困境，这些困境都不排除可能性和希望。

引用次数: 0

Learning, digital technologies, and sociomaterial approaches: A critical reflection from the perspective of materialist dialectics 学习、数字技术和社会物质方法：唯物辩证法视角下的批判性反思

IF 1.2 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Theory & Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-10-13 DOI: 10.1177/09593543221129235

Haris Psaros

In this article, I attempt to critically reflect on sociomaterial approaches to learning, especially as it is conducted with digital technologies. By pursuing detailed ethnographic case studies, these approaches argue for the active character of digital technologies in the constitution of learning. More specifically, digital technologies are treated in this paradigm as co-participants—along with humans—in the formation of learning practices. Despite their invaluable empirical insights, I suggest that these approaches do not adequately emphasize the transformative potential of learners and do not conceptualize learning from the perspective of human development. In addition, I propose that, apart from empirically based research, which is the preferred mode of research of sociomaterial approaches, there is also a need for categorical thinking to conceptualize the mediation of learning by digital technologies. In my critical reflection, I draw on scholars working in the traditions of cultural-historical theory and activity theory, and on materialist dialectics more generally

在这篇文章中，我试图批判性地反思学习的社会物质方法，尤其是在使用数字技术进行学习时。通过进行详细的民族志案例研究，这些方法论证了数字技术在学习构成中的积极性。更具体地说，在这种范式中，数字技术与人类一起被视为学习实践形成的共同参与者。尽管这些方法具有宝贵的经验见解，但我认为，这些方法没有充分强调学习者的变革潜力，也没有从人类发展的角度对学习进行概念化。此外，我认为，除了基于经验的研究（这是社会物质方法的首选研究模式）之外，还需要分类思维来概念化数字技术学习的中介作用。在我的批判性反思中，我借鉴了在文化历史理论和活动理论传统中工作的学者，以及更普遍的唯物辩证法

引用次数: 0

Capturing minds: Towards a methods critique of questionnaire-based mental health surveys 捕捉心智：对基于问卷的心理健康调查的方法批判

IF 1.2 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Theory & Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/09593543221104734

G. Wackers, Marthe Schille-Rognmo

Mental health surveys of general populations use psychometric instruments derived from psychiatric symptom checklists and assessment scales. Mental health surveys of this type have become so ubiquitous and influential that the psychometric methods that are at the heart of them seem to be beyond reproach. Are these the right tools to do the job of capturing the minds of general populations? This article pursues a critical assessment of psychometric instruments embedded in mental health surveys through a historical reconstruction of the major epistemic shifts in the investigative practices through which these psychometric instruments developed. The reconstruction traces a strong influence of physics and physicists’ notion of fundamental measurement of quantities on psychologists’ attempts to measure mental phenomena. Surveys employing these instruments inherit unresolved methodological issues from their psychophysical predecessors: problems of causal inference from mathematical abstractions (correlations) and reification of mental entities from theoretical concepts.

对普通人群的心理健康调查使用了源自精神症状清单和评估量表的心理测量工具。这类心理健康调查已经变得如此普遍和有影响力，以至于其核心的心理测量方法似乎无可非议。这些是捕捉普通民众思想的正确工具吗？本文对心理健康调查中嵌入的心理测量工具进行了批判性评估，通过对这些心理测量工具发展过程中调查实践中的主要认识转变进行历史重建。重建追溯了物理学和物理学家对量的基本测量概念对心理学家测量心理现象的尝试的强烈影响。使用这些工具的调查继承了其心理物理学前辈未解决的方法论问题：从数学抽象（相关性）中进行因果推理的问题，以及从理论概念中对心理实体进行具体化的问题。

引用次数: 0

Communication in youth mental health clinical encounters: Introducing the agential stance. 青少年心理健康临床接触中的沟通：引入代理立场。

IF 1.2 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Theory & Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.1177/09593543221095079

Clara Bergen, Lisa Bortolotti, Katherine Tallent, Matthew Broome, Michael Larkin, Rachel Temple, Catherine Fadashe, Carmen Lee, Michele C Lim, Rose McCabe

When young people seek support from mental health care practitioners, the encounters may affect the young people's sense of self, and in particular undermine their sense of agency. For this study, an interdisciplinary team of academics and young people collaboratively analysed video-recorded encounters between young people and mental healthcare practitioners in emergency services. They identified five communication techniques that practitioners can use to avoid undermining the young person's sense of agency in the clinical encounter. They conceptualise the use of those techniques as the adoption of an agential stance towards the young person. The agential stance consists of: (a) validating the young person's experiences, (b) legitimising the young person's choice to seek help, (c) refraining from objectifying the young person, (d) affirming the young person's capacity to contribute to positive change, and (e) involving the young person in the decision-making process.

当年轻人向心理保健从业人员寻求支持时，这些接触可能会影响年轻人的自我意识，尤其是削弱他们的代理意识。在这项研究中，一个由学者和年轻人组成的跨学科团队合作分析了年轻人与急诊室心理保健从业人员之间的视频录像。他们确定了五种沟通技巧，从业人员可以使用这些技巧来避免在临床接触中损害年轻人的代理意识。他们将这些技巧的使用概念化为对年轻人采取代理立场。代理立场包括(a) 证实青少年的经历，(b) 使青少年寻求帮助的选择合法化，(c) 避免将青少年物化，(d) 肯定青少年有能力为积极的改变做出贡献，(e) 让青少年参与决策过程。

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引用次数: 0

Gerd Jüttemann’s “historical psychology”: Why it should have succeeded, why it was ignored, and what that means for the future Gerd jttemann的“历史心理学”:为什么它应该成功，为什么它被忽视，以及这对未来意味着什么

IF 1.2 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Theory & Psychology

Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1177/09593543221122735

Fabian Hutmacher

Over recent years, several publications have drawn attention to the fact that mainstream psychology has neglected cross-temporal variability and the historicity of the human psyche. One of the early proponents of a historical perspective on psychological matters is German psychologist Gerd Jüttemann. Despite his pioneer work and his continued publication efforts from the 1980s until today, his ideas have largely been ignored by the academic discourse, both inside and outside Germany. The question is: Why? Based on a brief overview of his writings, this article argues that it was not (only) a result of Jüttemann being at odds with the zeitgeist, but was also caused by conceptual problems as well as practical obstacles. Understanding why historical psychology remained at the brink of the academic discipline can help contemporary scholars to develop a perspective on the historicity of the human psyche that has a better chance to be heard.

近年来，一些出版物引起了人们的注意，主流心理学忽视了跨时间的可变性和人类心理的历史性。德国心理学家Gerd Jüttemann是从历史角度看待心理问题的早期支持者之一。尽管从20世纪80年代到今天，他的开创性工作和持续的出版努力，但他的思想在很大程度上被德国内外的学术话语所忽视。问题是：为什么？本文在简要回顾其著作的基础上，认为这不仅是Jüttemann与时代精神相悖的结果，也是概念问题和实践障碍造成的。理解为什么历史心理学仍然处于学术学科的边缘，可以帮助当代学者发展一种关于人类心理历史性的观点，这种观点更有机会被听到。

引用次数: 1

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