Social work has traditionally been concerned with the welfare of humans, a mission that some scholars want to expand to include other beings. How can concern for nonhumans and the natural environment best be integrated with the profession’s commitment to social justice? Although commentators have made several proposals, few have critically examined the dilemmas or trade-offs that may await a more expansive social work. Examining such challenges in environmental movements past and present, we identify three logics by which some varieties of environmentalism have perpetuated inequity among humans. We then explore how diverse movements for environmental justice—which make equity among humans central to environmental activism—offer a path forward. Environmental justice foregrounds dilemmas raised by integrating concern for humans and nonhumans, and it offers principles for addressing these dilemmas that are rooted in a living tradition of practice. This makes environmental justice the best paradigm for environmental social work.
{"title":"Which Environmental Social Work? Environmentalisms, Social Justice, and the Dilemmas Ahead","authors":"J. Mathias, Amy Krings, Samantha Teixeira","doi":"10.1086/724522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724522","url":null,"abstract":"Social work has traditionally been concerned with the welfare of humans, a mission that some scholars want to expand to include other beings. How can concern for nonhumans and the natural environment best be integrated with the profession’s commitment to social justice? Although commentators have made several proposals, few have critically examined the dilemmas or trade-offs that may await a more expansive social work. Examining such challenges in environmental movements past and present, we identify three logics by which some varieties of environmentalism have perpetuated inequity among humans. We then explore how diverse movements for environmental justice—which make equity among humans central to environmental activism—offer a path forward. Environmental justice foregrounds dilemmas raised by integrating concern for humans and nonhumans, and it offers principles for addressing these dilemmas that are rooted in a living tradition of practice. This makes environmental justice the best paradigm for environmental social work.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":"97 1","pages":"569 - 601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47047436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human rights denote universality, moral normativity, and the international community. Citizenship rights, meanwhile, denote particularity, collective identity, and sovereign territory. Yet some argue that human rights are realized only through the nation-state. Refugee resettlement allows introspection into the tensions between the human and the citizen, as the “refugee” embodies the transition from internationally governed refugee camps to national political communities. This study examines rights discourse surrounding the US Refugee Act as a crucial moment of policy formation and how policy discourse made sense of human rights approaching US borders. I argue that human rights discourse in US policy brings refugees to the door but abandons them as soon as they enter the sovereign space. There, US policy discourse materializes not citizenship rights but neoliberal citizenship. Refugee resettlement reveals the limits of human rights and the contradictory ways that the market and the state encroach on the neoliberal constitution of citizenship.
{"title":"The Limits of Human Rights Discourse within Sovereign Territory: Examining US Refugee Policy Formation","authors":"Odessa Gonzalez Benson","doi":"10.1086/723201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723201","url":null,"abstract":"Human rights denote universality, moral normativity, and the international community. Citizenship rights, meanwhile, denote particularity, collective identity, and sovereign territory. Yet some argue that human rights are realized only through the nation-state. Refugee resettlement allows introspection into the tensions between the human and the citizen, as the “refugee” embodies the transition from internationally governed refugee camps to national political communities. This study examines rights discourse surrounding the US Refugee Act as a crucial moment of policy formation and how policy discourse made sense of human rights approaching US borders. I argue that human rights discourse in US policy brings refugees to the door but abandons them as soon as they enter the sovereign space. There, US policy discourse materializes not citizenship rights but neoliberal citizenship. Refugee resettlement reveals the limits of human rights and the contradictory ways that the market and the state encroach on the neoliberal constitution of citizenship.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":"97 1","pages":"398 - 422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43591270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Frank R. Breul Memorial Prize","authors":"Jennifer Mosley","doi":"10.1086/724758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724758","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135026480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Autistic Intelligence: Interaction, Individuality, and the Challenges of Diagnosis","authors":"M. A. Cascio","doi":"10.1086/723523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723523","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48725160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Nonprofit Neighborhoods: An Urban History of Inequality and the American State","authors":"Jeremy R. Levine","doi":"10.1086/723265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723265","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49122298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research characterizes public assistance programs as stigmatizing and stressful (e.g., psychological costs) but obscures differences across programs or the features of policy design that contribute to varied bureaucratic encounters. Using 83 interviews with Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and Medicaid beneficiaries, and 60 interviews with staff from those programs, we examine how people differentiate their experiences across programs. We find that WIC staff members describe the program as facilitating, rather than constraining, personal interactions with clients. In contrast, SNAP and Medicaid workers report pressure to process clients expeditiously and accurately, leading several caseworkers to express frustration and suspicion of the information provided by recipients. WIC participants in all three programs described positive, supportive interactions with WIC staff and viewed the program as a source of social support. In contrast, participants reported stigmatizing encounters with SNAP and Medicaid staff and inaccessible caseworkers.
{"title":"“It’s Like Night and Day”: How Bureaucratic Encounters Vary across WIC, SNAP, and Medicaid","authors":"C. Barnes, Jamila Michener, E. Rains","doi":"10.1086/723365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723365","url":null,"abstract":"Research characterizes public assistance programs as stigmatizing and stressful (e.g., psychological costs) but obscures differences across programs or the features of policy design that contribute to varied bureaucratic encounters. Using 83 interviews with Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and Medicaid beneficiaries, and 60 interviews with staff from those programs, we examine how people differentiate their experiences across programs. We find that WIC staff members describe the program as facilitating, rather than constraining, personal interactions with clients. In contrast, SNAP and Medicaid workers report pressure to process clients expeditiously and accurately, leading several caseworkers to express frustration and suspicion of the information provided by recipients. WIC participants in all three programs described positive, supportive interactions with WIC staff and viewed the program as a source of social support. In contrast, participants reported stigmatizing encounters with SNAP and Medicaid staff and inaccessible caseworkers.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":"97 1","pages":"3 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43608395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica Pac, Sophie Collyer, Lawrence M. Berger, Kirk O'brien, Elizabeth Parker, P. Pecora, Whitney Rostad, J. Waldfogel, Christopher Wimer
In this study, we use microsimulation methods to estimate the reduction in child protective services (CPS) involvement resulting from implementation of three of the policy packages from a recent National Academy of Sciences proposal to reduce child poverty, including the introduction of a child allowance and expansions to the earned income tax credit, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, and the federal minimum wage. We find that the policy packages have the potential to reduce CPS investigations by 11.3–19.7 percent annually. Moreover, our results are suggestive of a substantial reduction in racial disproportionality in CPS involvement. We estimate an 18.7–28.5 percent reduction in investigations for Black children and 13.3–24.4 percent for Hispanic children, compared with 6.7–13.0 percent for White children. Our results indicate that the nontrivial improvements in child safety accruing from any of the three policy packages should be considered in the calculus of policy implementation.
在本研究中，我们使用微观模拟方法来估计儿童保护服务(CPS)参与的减少，这是由于实施了美国国家科学院(National Academy of Sciences)最近提出的一项减少儿童贫困的一揽子政策，包括引入儿童津贴和扩大劳动所得税抵免、补充营养援助计划和联邦最低工资。我们发现，这些政策方案有可能每年将CPS调查减少11.3 - 19.7%。此外，我们的结果表明，CPS参与的种族不均衡现象大幅减少。我们估计黑人儿童的调查减少了18.7 - 28.5%，西班牙裔儿童的调查减少了13.3 - 24.4%，而白人儿童的调查减少了6.7 - 13.0%。我们的研究结果表明，在政策实施的计算中，应考虑到三种政策组合中任何一种对儿童安全产生的重大改善。
{"title":"The Effects of Child Poverty Reductions on Child Protective Services Involvement","authors":"Jessica Pac, Sophie Collyer, Lawrence M. Berger, Kirk O'brien, Elizabeth Parker, P. Pecora, Whitney Rostad, J. Waldfogel, Christopher Wimer","doi":"10.1086/723219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723219","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we use microsimulation methods to estimate the reduction in child protective services (CPS) involvement resulting from implementation of three of the policy packages from a recent National Academy of Sciences proposal to reduce child poverty, including the introduction of a child allowance and expansions to the earned income tax credit, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, and the federal minimum wage. We find that the policy packages have the potential to reduce CPS investigations by 11.3–19.7 percent annually. Moreover, our results are suggestive of a substantial reduction in racial disproportionality in CPS involvement. We estimate an 18.7–28.5 percent reduction in investigations for Black children and 13.3–24.4 percent for Hispanic children, compared with 6.7–13.0 percent for White children. Our results indicate that the nontrivial improvements in child safety accruing from any of the three policy packages should be considered in the calculus of policy implementation.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":"97 1","pages":"43 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44637395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Roll, S. Constantino, Leah Hamilton, Selina Miller, Dylan Bellisle, M. Despard
Universal basic income has gained renewed interest among policy makers and researchers in the United States. Although research indicates that unconditional cash transfers produce diverse benefits for households, public support lags in part because of predicted unemployment and frivolous spending. To understand how Americans would reorganize their lives around unconditional cash transfers, this article examines the relationship between the structure of cash-transfer programs and their usage. We leverage experiments embedded in two nationally representative surveys to assess relationships between payment frequency, payment amount, and respondents’ anticipated usage. Though the survey experiments presented widely varying scenarios to survey participants, we saw largely consistent responses. Respondents most commonly reported they would use their payments for regular expenses, paying debts and building savings. Increased payment amounts were positively associated with spending on economic mobility-oriented goals and savings and debt decisions, but increased payment frequencies were negatively associated with these goals.
{"title":"How Would Americans Respond to Direct Cash Transfers? Results from Two Survey Experiments","authors":"S. Roll, S. Constantino, Leah Hamilton, Selina Miller, Dylan Bellisle, M. Despard","doi":"10.1086/723522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723522","url":null,"abstract":"Universal basic income has gained renewed interest among policy makers and researchers in the United States. Although research indicates that unconditional cash transfers produce diverse benefits for households, public support lags in part because of predicted unemployment and frivolous spending. To understand how Americans would reorganize their lives around unconditional cash transfers, this article examines the relationship between the structure of cash-transfer programs and their usage. We leverage experiments embedded in two nationally representative surveys to assess relationships between payment frequency, payment amount, and respondents’ anticipated usage. Though the survey experiments presented widely varying scenarios to survey participants, we saw largely consistent responses. Respondents most commonly reported they would use their payments for regular expenses, paying debts and building savings. Increased payment amounts were positively associated with spending on economic mobility-oriented goals and savings and debt decisions, but increased payment frequencies were negatively associated with these goals.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":"97 1","pages":"92 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48088020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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