The earned income tax credit (EITC) is one of the largest antipoverty programs in the United States. Although extensive research suggests the EITC is linked to various positive parent and child outcomes, limited attention has been paid to how familial obligations shape ways in which the EITC is spent. Research indicates that social networks of extended family and friends can be vital to low-income families’ social and economic well-being, suggesting the importance of exploring their roles in shaping EITC spending decisions. Drawing from in-depth interviews with primarily women of color, this article reveals how some women maintain extended family caregiving arrangements through monetary gifts from their EITC. The women’s narratives illustrate how they identified the social and economic value of the caregiving and how caregiving and monetary reciprocity facilitated the maintenance of intergenerational social support; they also expose limitations of current policies designed to support care arrangements among low-income families.
{"title":"How the Earned Income Tax Credit Sustains Informal Child-Care Arrangements with Family Members and Helps Maintain Intergenerational Relations","authors":"Dylan Bellisle","doi":"10.1086/722002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/722002","url":null,"abstract":"The earned income tax credit (EITC) is one of the largest antipoverty programs in the United States. Although extensive research suggests the EITC is linked to various positive parent and child outcomes, limited attention has been paid to how familial obligations shape ways in which the EITC is spent. Research indicates that social networks of extended family and friends can be vital to low-income families’ social and economic well-being, suggesting the importance of exploring their roles in shaping EITC spending decisions. Drawing from in-depth interviews with primarily women of color, this article reveals how some women maintain extended family caregiving arrangements through monetary gifts from their EITC. The women’s narratives illustrate how they identified the social and economic value of the caregiving and how caregiving and monetary reciprocity facilitated the maintenance of intergenerational social support; they also expose limitations of current policies designed to support care arrangements among low-income families.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44286401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Torn Apart: How the Child Welfare System Destroys Black Families—And How Abolition Can Build a Safer World. By Dorothy Roberts. New York: Basic Books, 2022. Pp. 384. $32.00 (cloth).","authors":"J. Halloran","doi":"10.1086/722004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/722004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45295790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Tach, M. Morrissey, Elizabeth Day, F. Vescia, B. Mihalec-Adkins
Social service fields have been revolutionized by the recognition of widespread exposure to trauma and its harmful consequences for the populations they serve. Organizations have responded by adopting trauma-informed care (TIC) practices. To date, most research on TIC has been conducted with providers, not clients. We build on existing research by studying the experiences of clients in a cross-system family drug treatment court (FDTC) that implemented substantial TIC reforms. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 21 clients and 9 staff, we found that the dual therapeutic and punitive mandates of the FDTC, along with the court’s related structures of power and control, posed inherent challenges to enacting TIC principles related to control and collaboration. However, TIC reforms did promote a greater sense of transparency, safety, and support from strengths-based resources. We consider lessons for TIC reforms more generally and how therapeutic and punitive functions can enable or constrain TIC in mandated interventions.
{"title":"Experiences of Trauma-Informed Care in a Family Drug Treatment Court","authors":"Laura Tach, M. Morrissey, Elizabeth Day, F. Vescia, B. Mihalec-Adkins","doi":"10.1086/721234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721234","url":null,"abstract":"Social service fields have been revolutionized by the recognition of widespread exposure to trauma and its harmful consequences for the populations they serve. Organizations have responded by adopting trauma-informed care (TIC) practices. To date, most research on TIC has been conducted with providers, not clients. We build on existing research by studying the experiences of clients in a cross-system family drug treatment court (FDTC) that implemented substantial TIC reforms. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 21 clients and 9 staff, we found that the dual therapeutic and punitive mandates of the FDTC, along with the court’s related structures of power and control, posed inherent challenges to enacting TIC principles related to control and collaboration. However, TIC reforms did promote a greater sense of transparency, safety, and support from strengths-based resources. We consider lessons for TIC reforms more generally and how therapeutic and punitive functions can enable or constrain TIC in mandated interventions.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47475761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frontline staff play a critical role in welfare-to-work delivery, making decisions about who gets selected for which supports and sanctions. Research on these street-level bureaucrats shows them rarely implementing policy exactly as written. Instead, they bring differing valuation frames and identity assessments to this work, resulting in different implementations of policy. Central to this selectivity is the way they type and classify different clients’ characteristics. Using case data from four Australian employment services sites collected over 18 months of fieldwork, we explore how frontline staff members sort clients according to two important dimensions of their perceived conduct: job readiness as workers and trustworthiness as people. We examine the staff’s rationale and the implications of these categorization practices for how clients are treated.
{"title":"Good Clients and Hard Cases: The Role of Typologies at the Welfare Front Line","authors":"M. McGann, S. O’Sullivan, M. Considine","doi":"10.1086/721056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721056","url":null,"abstract":"Frontline staff play a critical role in welfare-to-work delivery, making decisions about who gets selected for which supports and sanctions. Research on these street-level bureaucrats shows them rarely implementing policy exactly as written. Instead, they bring differing valuation frames and identity assessments to this work, resulting in different implementations of policy. Central to this selectivity is the way they type and classify different clients’ characteristics. Using case data from four Australian employment services sites collected over 18 months of fieldwork, we explore how frontline staff members sort clients according to two important dimensions of their perceived conduct: job readiness as workers and trustworthiness as people. We examine the staff’s rationale and the implications of these categorization practices for how clients are treated.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46619041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terri L. Friedline, So’Phelia Morrow, S. Oh, Thomas Klemm, Jase Kugiya
Banking as an industry and banks as organizations play central roles in determining access to credit and routine retail banking. However, the persistence of well-documented inequalities necessitates questions about how banks provide access. Through in-depth interviews with 36 bank employees, we deployed theories of racialized and gendered organizations to explore banks’ familiar, routinized practices and procedures. Bank employees’ highly predictable, patterned narratives offered supportive evidence of banks as racialized and gendered organizations that diminish the agency of marginalized groups, legitimate unequal resource distribution, credential Whiteness, and decouple practices from official procedures in ways that uphold racial and gender hierarchies. In the context of banks’ familiar and mundane roles of retail banking and customer service, our findings speak to the depths of these organizations’ reliance on racial and gender hierarchies with wide-reaching implications.
{"title":"Banks as Racialized and Gendered Organizations: Interviews with Frontline Workers","authors":"Terri L. Friedline, So’Phelia Morrow, S. Oh, Thomas Klemm, Jase Kugiya","doi":"10.1086/721145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721145","url":null,"abstract":"Banking as an industry and banks as organizations play central roles in determining access to credit and routine retail banking. However, the persistence of well-documented inequalities necessitates questions about how banks provide access. Through in-depth interviews with 36 bank employees, we deployed theories of racialized and gendered organizations to explore banks’ familiar, routinized practices and procedures. Bank employees’ highly predictable, patterned narratives offered supportive evidence of banks as racialized and gendered organizations that diminish the agency of marginalized groups, legitimate unequal resource distribution, credential Whiteness, and decouple practices from official procedures in ways that uphold racial and gender hierarchies. In the context of banks’ familiar and mundane roles of retail banking and customer service, our findings speak to the depths of these organizations’ reliance on racial and gender hierarchies with wide-reaching implications.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47508744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As climate change intensifies, analyzing the barriers to disaster recovery faced by marginalized communities is increasingly important. Using in-depth interviews from the Understanding Communities of Deep Disadvantage project, a community-level investigation of disadvantage in the United States, this study examines participant experiences with the federal disaster recovery system in the wake of Hurricanes Matthew and Florence. Our analysis reveals how administrative burden, high rejection rates for key disaster recovery programs, and the slow pace of aid ignited a feedback loop that depressed application rates for disaster aid in a community with extreme need.
{"title":"In the Aftermath of the Storm: Administrative Burden in Disaster Recovery","authors":"Meghan M. Duffy, H. L. Shaefer","doi":"10.1086/721087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721087","url":null,"abstract":"As climate change intensifies, analyzing the barriers to disaster recovery faced by marginalized communities is increasingly important. Using in-depth interviews from the Understanding Communities of Deep Disadvantage project, a community-level investigation of disadvantage in the United States, this study examines participant experiences with the federal disaster recovery system in the wake of Hurricanes Matthew and Florence. Our analysis reveals how administrative burden, high rejection rates for key disaster recovery programs, and the slow pace of aid ignited a feedback loop that depressed application rates for disaster aid in a community with extreme need.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49399270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When an individual’s experience is discredited and their views silenced in conversation, epistemic injustice ensues, resulting in an ontological attack on the individual’s human dignity. I examine how social workers claim to know and construct the facts of clients’ experiences, subsequently categorizing them in accordance with professional and institutional knowledge. These constructs may differ from the clients’ own experiences, perpetuating epistemic injustice. Elaborating a process of fact construction and categorization in two case examples, I interrogate the inevitable workings of power at multiple levels during assessment. I argue categorization as a site of epistemic injustice serving three functions: permitting dominant discourses to be taken-for-granted and to legitimize professional actions, framing interactional tasks to align with professional and institutional agendas, and enticing clients and workers with activity-bound accountability, obligation, and entitlement. This analysis invites social workers to reflect critically on how to resist epistemic and social injustice in everyday assessment.
{"title":"Fact Construction and Categorization in Assessment: Cultivating Epistemic Justice and Resistance in Social Work Assessment","authors":"Eunjung Lee","doi":"10.1086/721273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721273","url":null,"abstract":"When an individual’s experience is discredited and their views silenced in conversation, epistemic injustice ensues, resulting in an ontological attack on the individual’s human dignity. I examine how social workers claim to know and construct the facts of clients’ experiences, subsequently categorizing them in accordance with professional and institutional knowledge. These constructs may differ from the clients’ own experiences, perpetuating epistemic injustice. Elaborating a process of fact construction and categorization in two case examples, I interrogate the inevitable workings of power at multiple levels during assessment. I argue categorization as a site of epistemic injustice serving three functions: permitting dominant discourses to be taken-for-granted and to legitimize professional actions, framing interactional tasks to align with professional and institutional agendas, and enticing clients and workers with activity-bound accountability, obligation, and entitlement. This analysis invites social workers to reflect critically on how to resist epistemic and social injustice in everyday assessment.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47310871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Opioid Reckoning: Love, Loss, and Redemption in the Rehab State. By Amy C. Sullivan. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2021. Pp. 288. $25.95 (cloth); $18.95 (paper).","authors":"H. Pollack","doi":"10.1086/720989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720989","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43283906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We theorize state governance through population spatial trajectories to capture how seemingly disparate systems of punishment employ the same set of punishment logics and technologies to spatially regulate populations of color, which produces and reifies racial projects. Advancing a theoretical framework called carceral migrations, we argue that governments use legal punishment to force, restrict, and prevent movement as a racializing project of settler empire and anti-Blackness. Carceral migrations extend understandings of mass incarceration beyond confinement and holding by articulating three major points. First, the state’s regulation of populations’ spatial trajectories is punishment by design. Second, these spatially-oriented punishments operate as race-making and reinforcing technologies by producing punitive and recognizable spatial trajectories (or nontrajectories) for groups of people of color. Third, despite appearing race neutral in language, the development and application of legal codes and policies have disparate impacts on the spatial trajectories of people of color.
{"title":"Carceral Migrations: Reframing Race, Space, and Punishment","authors":"Rahim Kurwa, Susila Gurusami","doi":"10.1086/719998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719998","url":null,"abstract":"We theorize state governance through population spatial trajectories to capture how seemingly disparate systems of punishment employ the same set of punishment logics and technologies to spatially regulate populations of color, which produces and reifies racial projects. Advancing a theoretical framework called carceral migrations, we argue that governments use legal punishment to force, restrict, and prevent movement as a racializing project of settler empire and anti-Blackness. Carceral migrations extend understandings of mass incarceration beyond confinement and holding by articulating three major points. First, the state’s regulation of populations’ spatial trajectories is punishment by design. Second, these spatially-oriented punishments operate as race-making and reinforcing technologies by producing punitive and recognizable spatial trajectories (or nontrajectories) for groups of people of color. Third, despite appearing race neutral in language, the development and application of legal codes and policies have disparate impacts on the spatial trajectories of people of color.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41247854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have all committed crimes, but few get caught. The distinction between carceral and conventional citizens is largely an illusion but one that affords great privileges to some and grave consequences for others. Rooted in critical feminist theorizing, intersectionality, and abolitionist scholarship, we extend Miller and Stuart’s conceptualization of carceral and conventional citizenship by embedding them in a social identity and system of power we call “carceral status” that intersects other categories like race, class, and gender. We draw from interviews with 32 formerly incarcerated activists to illustrate how carceral citizens experience “five faces of oppression” that define an oppressed group. Not only do they make material changes in institutions through their work, but they also symbolically restory themselves and transform the meaning of the carceral citizen category, providing new dignifying meanings to this aspect of identity. Our project introduces carceral status as a useful analytic tool for research and practice.
{"title":"Carceral Citizens Rising: Understanding Oppression Resistance Work through the Lens of Carceral Status","authors":"D. Woodall, S. Shannon","doi":"10.1086/719939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719939","url":null,"abstract":"We have all committed crimes, but few get caught. The distinction between carceral and conventional citizens is largely an illusion but one that affords great privileges to some and grave consequences for others. Rooted in critical feminist theorizing, intersectionality, and abolitionist scholarship, we extend Miller and Stuart’s conceptualization of carceral and conventional citizenship by embedding them in a social identity and system of power we call “carceral status” that intersects other categories like race, class, and gender. We draw from interviews with 32 formerly incarcerated activists to illustrate how carceral citizens experience “five faces of oppression” that define an oppressed group. Not only do they make material changes in institutions through their work, but they also symbolically restory themselves and transform the meaning of the carceral citizen category, providing new dignifying meanings to this aspect of identity. Our project introduces carceral status as a useful analytic tool for research and practice.","PeriodicalId":47665,"journal":{"name":"Social Service Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45251905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：