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The Janus Face of Organizational Knowing 组织知识的两面脸
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1177/08912416231177050
G. Dumont
This article challenges our current understanding of the role of knowing for organizational participation by discussing how, and under which circumstances, knowing hinders participation instead of fostering it. Drawing upon 18 months of fieldwork at a social impact accelerator, I first show that showing that the knowing emerging from collective practices and interactions generates disengagement among actors. Second, I illuminate the role of the social relations for actors to imbue their experience of new meanings and, third, develop a model of “meaningful reengagement” explaining how they retain their participation beyond the negative implication of knowing for participation. This article advances existing knowing research by bringing to the fore the role of relational patterns for participation, strengthening its relational but underdeveloped ambition, and providing insights for research on business accelerators and practitioners alike.
本文通过讨论如何以及在何种情况下,知识阻碍而不是促进参与,挑战了我们目前对知识在组织参与中的作用的理解。通过在一个社会影响加速器18个月的实地考察,我首先展示了从集体实践和互动中产生的知识会导致参与者之间的脱离。其次,我阐明了社会关系对行动者的作用,使他们的经验具有新的意义;第三,我建立了一个“有意义的再参与”模型,解释了他们如何在知道参与的负面含义之外保持参与。本文通过突出关系模式对参与的作用,加强其关系但不发达的抱负,并为业务加速器和从业者的研究提供见解,从而推进了现有的知识研究。
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引用次数: 0
Vulnerability-Making at Europe’s Edge: How Policies, Documents, and Spatiality Intra-Act in the Context of Young Refugees 欧洲边缘的脆弱性:政策、文件和空间如何在年轻难民的背景下发挥作用
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1177/08912416231159376
Laura McAdam-Otto
When young refugees who arrive in the European Union (EU) are categorized as “unaccompanied minors,” an implicit assumption and ascription coincides with their categorization, namely that they are vulnerable. Being underage and being vulnerable are inextricably linked and often equated. Thus, vulnerability is understood as a bodily fact linked to a person’s age, and discourse consequently overlooks how vulnerability is enacted in the EU’s border regime. To demonstrate how vulnerability is produced and stabilized through entangled practices of human and nonhuman agencies, I examine vulnerability-making in the context of young refugees who were classified as “unaccompanied minors” in Malta. I pay specific attention to policies, documents, and spatiality and ask: How is vulnerability of young refugees in the EU’s border regime produced and stabilized? And, how are nonhuman agencies implicated in these dynamics? The article, on one hand, makes an important empirical contribution to understanding the construction of vulnerability in respect to unaccompanied minors. The theoretical contribution of the article, on the other hand, lies in offering a new way of conceptualizing vulnerability in the border regime and within bordering practices in the EU by examining it through the epistemic lens of intra-action.
当抵达欧盟的年轻难民被归类为“无人陪伴的未成年人”时,一种隐含的假设和归属与他们的分类一致,即他们是弱势群体。未成年和易受伤害有着密不可分的联系,而且常常被等同起来。 因此,脆弱性被理解为与一个人的年龄相关的身体事实,以及 论文 因此忽略了漏洞是如何在 这个 欧盟的边境制度。到 演示如何 脆弱性是通过人类和非人类机构的纠缠实践产生和稳定的, 我检查漏洞制造 在被归类为“无人陪伴的未成年人”的年轻难民的背景下 在马耳他。我特别关注政策、文件和空间性,并问:年轻难民在欧盟边境制度中的脆弱性是如何产生和稳定的?非人类机构是如何与这些动态联系在一起的?一方面,这篇文章对理解无人陪伴未成年人的脆弱性结构做出了重要的实证贡献。另一方面,这篇文章的理论贡献在于提供了一种新的方式来概念化欧盟边境制度和边境实践中的脆弱性,通过行动内部的认识视角来审视它。
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引用次数: 0
Inside American End-of-Life Doula Trainings through Analytic Autoethnography: A Social Movement for Death Positivity Manifests in a New Profession 通过分析民族志研究美国生命终结的杜拉训练:一场在新职业中表现出死亡积极性的社会运动
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1177/08912416231169501
A. Incorvaia
End-of-life doulas (EOLDs) represent a rising profession and are becoming increasingly well-known through pop culture, yet associated scholarship is scant. Through a “sociology of professions” lens, this research adds value by expanding and enriching scholarship on EOLDs—by further illuminating their training, functions, and scope of practice. To understand a largely feminine profession, this study employs a feminist epistemology that situates the knower as a featured player in knowledge generation. Through use of analytic autoethnography, this analysis of two American EOLD training programs employs a first-person narrative in which the researcher: (a) is a full member of the group or setting under examination, (b) is visible as such in published texts, (c) engages in reflexivity, considering the dynamic, interactive effect their presence has on the research itself, (d) incorporates insights from other group members, and (e) seeks to develop theoretical understandings of broader social phenomena. Both trainings frame their education in terms that are hallmarks of the Positive Death Movement, including normalizing death as a nonmedical event, emphasizing person-centered care, and affirming that facing death is an opportunity for personal growth. Each emphasized the nonclinical nature of the EOLD role while highlighting listening and intuition as primary skills for successful doula work. These programs also discussed the boundaries of doula services and portrayed EOLDs as a complement to hospice care. Expressivity at the end of life was lauded by both programs, but one entity encouraged proactive pursuit of psychosocial emotional work with clients; the other underscored receptivity to clients’ initiation. One training entity better equipped EOLDs to mindfully address isms by offering shovel-ready curriculum that fostered in-depth consideration of bias, diversity, equity, and inclusion.
生命终结斗(EOLD)代表着一个正在崛起的职业,并在流行文化中变得越来越知名,但相关的学术却很少。通过“职业社会学”的视角,这项研究通过进一步阐明EOLD的培训、功能和实践范围,扩大和丰富了EOLD的学术研究,从而增加了价值。为了理解一个以女性为主的职业,本研究采用了女权主义认识论,将知识者定位为知识生成中的一个重要参与者。通过使用分析性民族志,对两个美国EOLD培训项目的分析采用了第一人称叙述,其中研究人员:(a)是受试群体或环境的正式成员,(b)在已发表的文本中可见,(c)参与反思,考虑到他们的存在对研究本身的动态、互动影响,(d)吸收其他群体成员的见解,以及(e)寻求发展对更广泛的社会现象的理论理解。这两种培训都以积极死亡运动的标志来界定他们的教育,包括将死亡正常化为非医疗事件,强调以人为中心的护理,并确认面对死亡是个人成长的机会。每个人都强调EOLD角色的非临床性质,同时强调倾听和直觉是成功完成导乐工作的主要技能。这些项目还讨论了导乐服务的界限,并将EOLD描述为对临终关怀的补充。两个项目都称赞生命结束时的表达能力,但有一个实体鼓励积极主动地与客户进行心理社会情感工作;另一个则强调了对客户发起的接受度。一个培训实体通过提供现成的课程,培养对偏见、多样性、公平性和包容性的深入考虑,使EOLD能够更好地专注于解决主义问题。
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引用次数: 0
Street Art Commodification and (An)aesthetic Policies on the Outskirts of Lisbon 街头艺术商业化与里斯本郊区的美学政策
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/08912416221079863
Otávio Raposo
In this article, I discuss how street art has become an ally of urban policies molded by the creative city paradigm in marginalized neighborhoods of Lisbon (Portugal). Based on a dense ethnography of a peripheral neighborhood of this Southern European city, I follow the trail left by how public power uses the commodification of street art as an instrument for urban regeneration, touristification, and management of inequalities. The different meanings and interests around this policy are examined in street art festivals and tours, focused on the participation of young people as local guides. This urban policy has changed the negative public image of the neighborhood, with street art being combined with a multicultural experience commodified in guided tours for tourists. However, by ignoring the opinions of the residents on the interventions, this policy follows a top-down approach in which street art aesthetics operate as a device of subjugation and maintenance of the subaltern, beautifying processes of exclusion.
在这篇文章中,我讨论了街头艺术如何成为里斯本(葡萄牙)边缘化社区创意城市范式塑造的城市政策的盟友。基于这座南欧城市周边社区的密集民族志,我追踪了公共权力如何利用街头艺术的商品化作为城市复兴、旅游化和不平等管理的工具所留下的痕迹。街头艺术节和旅游考察了这项政策的不同含义和兴趣,重点是年轻人作为当地导游的参与。这项城市政策改变了该社区的负面公众形象,街头艺术与多元文化体验相结合,在导游的带领下商品化。然而,由于忽视了居民对干预措施的意见,这项政策遵循了自上而下的方法,街头艺术美学是征服和维护下层、美化排斥过程的一种手段。
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引用次数: 8
“SHE CAN GET A VISA”: How Nationality and Class Shape Decision Making at a Kenyan NGO “她可以获得签证”:肯尼亚非政府组织的国籍和阶级如何影响决策
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1177/08912416231160778
Shaquilla Harrigan
Prior studies show how race, class, and gender matter for worker identities within organizations, but there is an opportunity to focus on worker nationality and class background within nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Using evidence from ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews, and organizational documents at a small NGO in Kenya, I show how nationality and class mediate how NGO workers assign and accomplish organizational tasks. My results suggest that a process of elastic transnational stratification determines how nationality and class distribute tasks and decision-making power in relation to the location and organizational domain in which they must act. While both nationality and class are used as proxies for one’s proximity to power and influence, there are instances where less privileged identities are more strategic to deploy. Nationality and class shape access to various development spaces, the amount and type of resources one can attain on behalf of the organization, and legitimacy locally and at the global level.
先前的研究表明,种族、阶级和性别对组织内工人身份的影响,但在非政府组织内,有机会关注工人国籍和阶级背景。利用民族志实地调查、深入访谈和肯尼亚一家小型非政府组织的组织文件中的证据,我展示了国籍和阶级如何调节非政府组织工作人员如何分配和完成组织任务。我的研究结果表明,弹性跨国分层的过程决定了民族和阶级如何根据他们必须行动的地点和组织领域分配任务和决策权。虽然国籍和阶级都被用作接近权力和影响力的指标,但在某些情况下,弱势身份更具战略性。国籍和阶级决定了进入各种发展空间的机会,代表组织可以获得的资源的数量和类型,以及当地和全球层面的合法性。
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引用次数: 0
It’s Understandable If It Destroys You, Right?—Grades, Students’ Self-Images, and Quantification 如果它毁了你,这是可以理解的,对吧--成绩、学生自我形象与量化
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1177/08912416231157369
Noëlle Rohde
Human life is increasingly quantified. From blood pressure to body mass index, from likes and retweets to performance metrics at work, from IQ results to facial attractiveness scores issued by smartphone apps. Many of these numbers have the potential to substantially shape how individuals view themselves, and yet the link between quantification and self-image is to date not well understood. My window into this phenomenon is one of the most ubiquitous and influential metrics worldwide: the school grade. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in a German comprehensive school, I explore how students’ self-images are shaped by their numbers. Comparing students’ official and unofficial remarks reveals a striking contrast between a seemingly detached stance toward marks and a powerful feeling of being defined by them—notably with regards to “intelligence.” Nevertheless, rather than passively identifying with their grades, especially low-performing students draw on a wide range of strategies in an effort to negotiate their self-image in light of their numbers.
人类的生活越来越被量化。从血压到体重指数,从点赞和转发到工作表现指标,从智商结果到智能手机应用程序发布的面部吸引力评分。这些数据中的许多都有可能从本质上塑造个人对自己的看法,然而量化和自我形象之间的联系迄今为止还没有得到很好的理解。我观察这一现象的窗口是世界上最普遍、最具影响力的指标之一:学校成绩。基于在德国一所综合学校的民族志田野调查,我探讨了学生的自我形象是如何被他们的数量所塑造的。比较学生们的官方和非官方言论,可以发现一个明显的对比:学生们对分数的态度似乎是超然的,而他们却强烈地感觉到自己被分数所定义——尤其是在“智力”方面。然而,尤其是表现不佳的学生,与其被动地认同自己的成绩,还不如利用各种各样的策略,根据自己的成绩来调整自己的自我形象。
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引用次数: 1
Music for Mental Health: An Autoethnography of the Rory Gallagher Instagram Fan Community 音乐促进心理健康:Rory Gallagher Instagram粉丝社区的民族志
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1177/08912416231162077
L. O’Hagan
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there has been a major increase in anxiety and depression. For many, online music fandoms have offered an important platform to combat loneliness and aid well-being. In this study, I use autoethnography, supported by psychosocial theory on recovery and sociological theory on music fandoms, to track my personal journey of recovery (2020–2022) from a mental health crisis through the support of the Rory Gallagher Instagram fan community. Specifically, I investigate how the community acts as a positive support mechanism for well-being, how my relationship with Rory and his music has changed since joining the community, and how knowledge of Rory’s own personal struggles, coupled with my own experiences, have empowered me to become a mental health advocate. Overall, the study brings attention to the importance of online music communities as informal, holistic regulating agents for mental health conditions and offers alternative ways for health services to approach mental health care.
自新冠肺炎爆发以来,焦虑和抑郁情绪大幅增加。对许多人来说,在线乐迷提供了一个重要的平台来对抗孤独和帮助幸福。在这项研究中,我使用民族志,在康复的心理社会理论和音乐粉丝的社会学理论的支持下,通过Rory Gallagher Instagram粉丝社区的支持,追踪我从心理健康危机中恢复的个人历程(2020-2022)。具体来说,我调查了社区如何成为幸福的积极支持机制,我与Rory和他的音乐的关系自加入社区以来发生了怎样的变化,以及对Rory个人斗争的了解,加上我自己的经历,如何使我成为一名心理健康倡导者。总的来说,这项研究引起了人们对在线音乐社区作为心理健康状况的非正式、整体调节剂的重要性的关注,并为卫生服务提供了获得心理健康护理的替代方法。
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引用次数: 0
Helping Mom Die: An Auto-ethnographic Account of Preparing for Death 《帮助妈妈死去:准备死亡的自动人种志》
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.1177/08912416231160776
D. Wysocki
This article is about a journey that I took with my mother as she left us. It is an article using an autoethnographic approach which allows me, the writer, to use both my personal pain and thoughts as a way to give peace, understanding, and perspective of the time before my mom’s death. This article is also about giving a framework for those who will also go through the same experience with an aging parent, to both take away the stigma of death and to help the reader be present in a tough situation. For me, it was an honor to be with the woman who brought me into this world and to be able to be alone with her as she left.
这篇文章讲述的是我和母亲离开我们时的一段旅程。这篇文章使用了一种民族志方法,使我作为作家,能够利用我个人的痛苦和思想,对母亲去世前的时光给予平静、理解和视角。这篇文章还为那些也将与年迈的父母经历同样经历的人提供了一个框架,以消除死亡的耻辱感,并帮助读者处于艰难的境地。对我来说,能和那个把我带到这个世界上的女人在一起,能在她离开时和她单独在一起,我感到很荣幸。
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引用次数: 0
Weeding Out the Weak: Labor, Gender, and Disability in a U.S. Fossil Fuel Boomtown 淘汰弱者:美国化石燃料繁荣时期的劳工、性别和残疾
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/08912416231153059
C. Labuski
COVID-19 has radically reshaped the labor dreams of many U.S. workers. This essay uses pre-pandemic fieldwork in an oil and gas “boomtown” to consider post-work imaginaries in the wake and midst of COVID-19. I use feminist and disability studies perspectives to argue that economic analyses must not only move beyond the discourse of “jobs” but must also attend to gender-based and ableist modes of discrimination that persist even in so-called booming economies. I posit the figure of the economically productive worker, asking how routine practices of identity-shaped discrimination undermine the capacities of some to embody this figure. My interview-derived and ethnographic data suggest that economic self-sufficiency is a woefully inadequate model for meeting the material needs of people, and that labor innovations such as a universal basic income are necessary to achieve the kinds of flourishing sought by those participating in the “great resignation.”
新冠肺炎从根本上重塑了许多美国工人的劳动梦想。本文利用疫情前在一个石油和天然气“繁荣城市”的实地考察,思考新冠肺炎之后和之中的工作后想象。我从女权主义和残疾研究的角度认为,经济分析不仅必须超越“就业”的话语,还必须关注即使在所谓的蓬勃发展的经济中也存在的基于性别和能力主义的歧视模式。我假设了经济生产型工人的形象,询问身份歧视的常规做法如何削弱了一些人体现这一形象的能力。我的采访和民族志数据表明,经济自给自足在满足人们的物质需求方面远远不够,而全民基本收入等劳动创新对于实现那些参与“大辞职”的人所寻求的繁荣是必要的
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引用次数: 0
“He’s Agonal”: An Insider’s Look into the Impact of Moral Injury Suffered While Policing on the Westside of Chicago 《他很痛苦》:一位内部人士对芝加哥西区警察道德创伤影响的调查
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/08912416221087362
Patrick J. Burke
In this study, I seek to contribute to the literature on self-change and moral injury by providing an autoethnographic account of the processes through which I incurred “moral injury” while giving first aid to gunshot victims as a police officer on the Westside of Chicago. In particular, I aim to address the causes and consequences of failing to find a new identity that would allow me to adjust to repeated trauma. The second aim focuses on illustrating why many police officers working in extremely violent neighborhoods tend to disassociate from victims and potential victims. The analysis of the narratives I present on providing first aid to shooting victims shows that my religiously based moral norms were particularly transgressed by several key mechanisms. In the conclusion, I discuss how future research on moral injury can benefit from incorporating the theory of self-change. I also encourage future research on moral injury to focus on police officers working in extremely violent neighborhoods and consider using autoethnographic methods to pursue such research.
在这项研究中,我试图对自我改变和道德伤害的文献做出贡献,通过提供一个自我民族志的描述,我在芝加哥西区担任警察时,在为枪击受害者提供急救时,遭受了“道德伤害”。特别是,我的目标是解决未能找到一个新的身份,让我适应反复的创伤的原因和后果。第二个目标侧重于说明为什么许多在极端暴力社区工作的警察倾向于与受害者和潜在受害者疏远。对我为枪击案受害者提供急救的叙述的分析表明,我基于宗教的道德规范被几个关键机制所违背。在结论部分,我讨论了如何将自我改变理论纳入道德伤害的未来研究中。我还鼓励未来对道德伤害的研究将重点放在在极端暴力社区工作的警察身上,并考虑使用自我民族志方法来进行此类研究。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Contemporary Ethnography
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