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Dangerous Fieldwork: Reflections on Ethnographic Research with Irregular, Nigerian Streetwalkers and Madams in Spain 危险的田野工作:对西班牙非正规尼日利亚街头流浪者和娼妓进行人种学研究的思考
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/08912416241265950
Sophie Tabuteau-Harrison, Jacquelyn Allen-Collinson, Avril Mewse
Recent calls have been made to investigate the lived experience of migrant sex workers, to broaden the scope and inclusivity of macro-level conceptualizations, and to develop contextually grounded forms of understanding. Our ethnographic study sought to explore the lived perspectives of an under-researched occupational group: migrant women working as irregular streetwalkers in a European city. Nineteen Nigerian Edo women working as prostitutes and Madams in Spain participated in an ethnographic, longitudinal study spanning five years of data collection. In this article, we focus on some of the key challenges, including ethical considerations, of undertaking ethnographic work in a hazardous fieldwork setting that presents psychological and physical dangers to both participants and researchers, including threats of violence, and researcher burnout.
最近,人们呼吁调查移民性工作者的生活经历,扩大宏观概念化的范围和包容性,并发展基于背景的理解形式。我们的人种学研究试图探索一个研究不足的职业群体的生活视角:在欧洲城市从事非正规街头游荡的移民妇女。19 名在西班牙从事妓女和鸨母工作的尼日利亚埃多族妇女参与了一项人种学纵向研究,数据收集时间跨度长达五年。在本文中,我们将重点讨论在危险的田野工作环境中开展人种学工作所面临的一些主要挑战,包括伦理方面的考虑,这种环境对参与者和研究人员都带来了心理和生理上的危险,包括暴力威胁和研究人员的职业倦怠。
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引用次数: 0
Boundary Work and Strategies of Compliance: The Underlife of the Ivory Tower 边界工作与合规策略:象牙塔的底层生活
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/08912416241265704
Daniel D. Martin, Janelle Wilson
This study examines strategies employed by university administrators and managers to gain compliance from subordinates even as they attempted to increase their workload. These strategies have received comparatively little attention within organizational studies of compliance. The participants in our study included employees at a public university in the Midwest identifying themselves as either “staff/faculty” or “managers/administrators.” Our findings indicate that when administrators and managers are unable to use formal rewards and punishments they attempt to gain compliance from subordinates through two main strategies that we identify as overtures and interactional trebuchet. Both strategies represent a sequence of interaction that we refer to more generally as “boundary work”—a set of activities through which boundaries on time, resources, and workload are defended or diminished, and for which we provide a model. We draw upon organizational, symbolic interactionist, and dramaturgical theories in the analysis of our data.
本研究探讨了大学行政人员和管理人员在试图增加工作量的同时,为获得下属的服从而采取的策略。这些策略在有关遵纪守法的组织研究中受到的关注相对较少。我们研究的参与者包括美国中西部一所公立大学的员工,他们自称为 "员工/教师 "或 "经理/管理人员"。我们的研究结果表明,当行政人员和管理人员无法使用正式的奖惩措施时,他们就会试图通过两种主要策略来获得下属的服从,我们将这两种策略分别称为 "示好 "和 "互动"。这两种策略代表了一连串的互动,我们将其更广泛地称为 "边界工作"--一系列捍卫或削弱时间、资源和工作量边界的活动,我们为其提供了一个模型。在分析数据时,我们借鉴了组织理论、符号互动论和戏剧理论。
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引用次数: 0
“Re-Inventing How We Live in the City”: Well-being and the Los Angeles Ecovillage "重新发明我们在城市中的生活方式":福祉与洛杉矶生态村
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1177/08912416241262758
Dani X. Knoll
In this study I examine the ritualistic behavior of participants in the intentional community where I live, the Los Angeles Ecovillage, and how that relates to well-being in a collective sense. Studying the ritualistic behavior within the Los Angeles Ecovillage can offer insight into areas that have been perhaps less explored, as in ritual’s relationship to well-being in intentional communities, particularly in the urban context of this community. Furthermore, although it is a factor, psychological well-being in this context is not limited to an individual’s self-reported quality of mental and physical health—it arguably extends to a collective expression of well-being. In describing social alternative approaches to health and well-being related problems posed by societal barriers to human connection, a paradigm may be formed for how intentional community can support psychological needs.
在这项研究中,我将考察我所居住的意向性社区--洛杉矶生态村--中参与者的仪式行为,以及这种行为与集体幸福感之间的关系。研究洛杉矶生态村中的仪式行为,可以让我们深入了解一些探索较少的领域,比如仪式与意向性社区中的幸福感之间的关系,尤其是在该社区的城市背景下。此外,尽管心理健康是一个因素,但在这种情况下,心理健康并不局限于个人自我报告的心理和身体健康质量--可以说,它延伸到了集体幸福感的表达。在描述社会对人类联系的障碍所造成的健康和幸福相关问题的社会替代方法时,可以形成一个范例,说明有意识的社区如何能够支持心理需求。
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引用次数: 0
Call for Papers: Ethnographies of Infrastructure 征集论文:基础设施民族志
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/08912416241254002
Philipp Budka, Peter Schweitzer, Olga Povoroznyuk
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引用次数: 0
The Companion: A Hospital Autoethnography on the Relationship Between Informal and Formal Institutions 同伴:关于非正式和正式机构之间关系的医院自述
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1177/08912416241248459
Devrim Adam Yavuz
The article is an analytical autoethnography that explores the author’s experience of navigating the Turkish healthcare system while caring for his father who underwent emergency bypass surgery. Their atypical positions, at once members of a privileged group but lacking extensive familial connections, helped bring to light the diverse range of tactics that patients use to navigate the hospital, despite reforms that tried to establish greater universalism. By highlighting the relationship between formal institutions and informal practices in the healthcare system and how they survive to include/exclude different status groups, the author’s micro-level observations and background in political sociology help reveal the complex impact that non-universalistic practices have on democratization and political change in Turkey and beyond.
这篇文章是一篇分析性的自述,探讨了作者在照顾接受紧急搭桥手术的父亲时,在土耳其医疗系统中的经历。他们既是特权群体的成员,又缺乏广泛的家庭联系,这种非典型身份有助于揭示病人在医院就医时使用的各种策略,尽管改革试图建立更大的普遍性。作者的微观观察和政治社会学背景有助于揭示非普遍性实践对土耳其及其他国家的民主化和政治变革所产生的复杂影响。
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引用次数: 0
Tradwives: Right-Wing Social Media Influencers 交易员:右翼社交媒体影响者
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/08912416241246273
Sophia Sykes, Veronica Hopner
Globalizing anti-globalism and modernizing the anti-modern, Tradwives are communities of right-wing women who commercialize social media to commodify traditional heteronormative renditions of femininity that are equal parts ideology and aesthetic. As social media influencers, Tradwives grow social networks and expand audiences by monetizing right-wing ideologies and curating particular versions of wife and mother. A netnographic analysis designed to understand online cultures and communications was used to observe thirty-six Tradwife social media profiles over a 10-month period in 2022. Employing Koestler’s Theory of Holarchies, four key findings or “holons” comprised a holography or representation of Tradwife culture captured at a certain point in time. The Tradwife Landscape explored these women across a right-wing landscape, Cross-platform Influencers, outlined Tradwives operating across a variety of social media platforms; Feminine not Feminist, discussed Tradwives’ (anti)feminist standpoints; and The Tradwife Side-Hustle, examined the monetization of Tradwife culture. As an alive and growing ecosystem, Tradwife subculture offers supportive and empowered spaces for women wishing to take up roles as archetypal wives and mothers within highly conservative lifestyles. As agents of Tradwife subculture and wider right-wing communities, Tradwives raise important questions about gender and gendered relationships, sexuality, legal practices, public policy, and political systems. Above all else, Tradwives offer comments on the autonomy and agency women have in their everyday lives.
她们将社交媒体商业化,将传统的异性恋女性形象商品化,既是意识形态的一部分,也是审美的一部分。作为社交媒体的影响者,Tradwives 通过将右翼意识形态货币化和策划特定版本的妻子和母亲,发展社交网络并扩大受众。在 2022 年的 10 个月时间里,我们采用了旨在了解网络文化和传播的网络分析方法,观察了 36 位传统贤妻的社交媒体资料。运用 Koestler 的 "整体理论"(Theory of Holarchies),四个主要发现或 "整体"(holons)构成了在特定时间点捕捉到的传统贤妻文化的全息图或代表。传统贤妻景观 "探讨了右翼景观中的传统贤妻;"跨平台影响者 "概述了在各种社交媒体平台上运作的传统贤妻;"女性而非女权主义者 "讨论了传统贤妻的(反)女权主义立场;"传统贤妻副业 "探讨了传统贤妻文化的货币化。作为一个生机勃勃、不断发展的生态系统,Tradwife 亚文化为希望在高度保守的生活方式中扮演典型妻子和母亲角色的女性提供了支持和赋权空间。作为 Tradwife 亚文化和更广泛的右翼社区的代理人,Tradwives 提出了有关性别和性别关系、性、法律实践、公共政策和政治制度的重要问题。最重要的是,传统贤妻对妇女在日常生活中的自主性和能动性提出了看法。
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引用次数: 0
“I Don’t Come Here Just for the Food”: Manifestations of Care in Food Assistance Initiatives "我不是只为食物而来":粮食援助行动中的关爱表现
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1177/08912416241239554
Fábio Rafael Augusto
This paper seeks to understand the social role played by food assistance initiatives in Portugal. Based on the understanding that these organizations are “spaces of care,” it is possible to reflect on the support provided by them in a more comprehensive and integrative way. Therefore, the various care practices that emerge in these organizational contexts are explored. This study presents a qualitative comparative methodological approach and a range of ethnographic methods to explore the perspectives of different actors (supervisors, volunteers, and beneficiaries) within different models of food assistance (Surplus Food Redistribution Charity, Soup Kitchen, and Social Supermarket). The main results indicate the presence of several “improvised” and “veiled” care practices in the analyzed initiatives that go beyond food issues. These manifestations of care may stem from altruistic acts and/or function as a “remedial measure,” serving as a compensatory mechanism in response to services deemed inadequate.
本文旨在了解葡萄牙粮食援助行动所发挥的社会作用。基于对这些组织是 "关爱空间 "的理解,我们有可能以一种更加全面和综合的方式反思这些组织所提供的支持。因此,本研究探讨了在这些组织背景下出现的各种关爱实践。本研究采用定性比较方法和一系列人种学方法,探讨了不同食品援助模式(剩余食品再分配慈善机构、施食处和社会超市)中不同参与者(监管者、志愿者和受益人)的观点。主要结果表明,在所分析的活动中,存在着一些 "即兴 "和 "隐蔽 "的关爱做法,这些做法超出了食物问题的范畴。这些关爱的表现形式可能源于利他主义行为和/或作为一种 "补救措施",是对被认为不足的服务的一种补偿机制。
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引用次数: 0
That’s Gonna Leave a Mark: Positionality and Secondary Trauma in Researching Mass Killing and Genocide 这会留下痕迹:大规模屠杀和种族灭绝研究中的定位和二次创伤
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1177/08912416241238449
Todd H. Nelson
In this article, I describe two fieldwork experiences dealing with traumatic subject matter: a three-month trip to the Russian Federation, researching the crimes of Stalin against the Soviet population, and a two-week odyssey across Poland, researching memorialization of the Holocaust as it occurred there. I had a much more difficult time on the Polish trip. These trips took place at different times, and my positionality had changed dramatically between the two experiences. The other relevant factor in each case was the nature of the material itself and the extent to which I was exposed to it. The Stalinist Terror is much more submerged in Russian society, for example, and it was often challenging to find evidence that it had occurred, as this involved travel to often far-flung Gulag and mass execution sites. In the Polish case, however, the Holocaust narrative and evidence of its occurrence was front and center in my experiences there, to the extent that the ubiquity of sites where terrible events occurred became overwhelming. The interaction of my positionality and the extent to which I was exposed to different types of traumatic experience, led to widely differing emotional tolls on my psyche in each case. I hope an analysis of this interaction, and the differing effects it produced provides information about planning and executing research on traumatic subjects that is valuable to others preparing to undertake it. (Or perhaps it will provide a cautionary tale about what to avoid). This article adds to the literature on personal negative outcomes experienced by those researching traumatic subject matter, particularly in the social sciences.
在这篇文章中,我描述了两次涉及创伤性主题的田野工作经历:一次是为期三个月的俄罗斯联邦之行,研究斯大林对苏联人民犯下的罪行;另一次是为期两周的波兰之行,研究那里发生的大屠杀纪念活动。在波兰之行中,我遇到了更多困难。这两次旅行发生在不同的时间,我的立场在两次经历之间发生了巨大的变化。另一个相关因素是材料本身的性质以及我接触材料的程度。例如,斯大林时期的恐怖活动在俄罗斯社会中更为隐蔽,要找到它曾发生过的证据往往具有挑战性,因为这涉及到经常要前往遥远的古拉格集中营和大规模处决现场。然而,在波兰,大屠杀的叙事及其发生的证据在我的经历中占据了前沿和中心位置,以至于可怕事件发生地的无处不在变得令人难以抗拒。我的身份地位与我所接触到的不同类型的创伤经历之间的相互作用,导致了在每种情况下我的心灵所受到的情感伤害大相径庭。我希望通过对这种相互作用及其产生的不同影响的分析,能够提供有关规划和实施创伤主题研究的信息,这对其他准备开展研究的人来说很有价值。(或者,它还能提供一个警示故事,告诉我们应该避免什么)。这篇文章为研究创伤性主题(尤其是社会科学领域)的人员所经历的个人负面结果的文献增添了新的内容。
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引用次数: 0
Having a Laugh and Negotiating the Situation: The Significance of Humor During Fieldwork Among International Teenagers 谈笑风生,应付局面:国际青少年实地工作中幽默的意义
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/08912416241235934
Mari Korpela
This article elaborates on the significance of humor and playful interactions in an ethnographic research project among 14- and 15-year-old teenagers in an international middle school in Finland. First, it discusses the role of humor among students and their teachers in the school. Second, the article elaborates on the role humor played when an adult ethnographer was negotiating her role and actions with these teenagers; humor and playful interactions provided useful tools with which to negotiate the researcher’s role and made the project a fun and enjoyable experience for the researcher and participants alike. The article employs the concept of reality play when analyzing everyday interactions in a school context, and it argues both that the use of humor can contribute to forming meaningful and ethically sound relationships between researcher and participants and that elaborations on research and ethics should pay more attention to the significance of humor and playfulness as essential parts of human life.
本文阐述了幽默和游戏互动在芬兰一所国际中学 14-15 岁青少年人种学研究项目中的意义。首先,文章讨论了幽默在学校师生之间的作用。其次,文章阐述了幽默在一名成年人种学研究者与这些青少年协商其角色和行动时所发挥的作用;幽默和游戏性互动为研究者协商其角色提供了有用的工具,并使该项目对研究者和参与者来说都是一次有趣和愉快的经历。文章在分析学校环境中的日常互动时使用了 "现实游戏 "的概念,并认为幽默的使用有助于在研究者和参与者之间形成有意义的、符合伦理道德的关系,而且关于研究和伦理道德的阐述应更多地关注幽默和游戏性作为人类生活重要组成部分的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating Academic Identity: Autoethnography of Otherness and Embarrassment Among First-Generation College Students 学术身份导航:第一代大学生的 "他者 "和 "尴尬 "自述
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1177/08912416241233697
Elazar Ben-Lulu
As a first-generation college student (FGCS), I have never felt entirely comfortable with this label, both in academic spaces and in various personal family situations. The notion of being a FGCS has evoked internal embarrassment, a sense of academic otherness, and external micro-aggressions. Through an autoethnographic analysis of my participation in the FGCS annual workshop, I explore the strengths and weaknesses of this category. The workshop provided insights into the diverse experiences of FGCSs, revealing it to be a fluid academic construct with multiple voices and narratives. However, when intersecting with other identities, the fragility of the FGCS category emerged, leading to conflicting conversations and resistance among participants. A rigid definition of FGCS overlooks its historical context of social exclusions and disregards the unique sensitivities and differences among ethnic and national groups within it. This approach weakens the struggle of marginalized groups and perpetuates their exclusion, both on and off campus. Acknowledging the complexity and diversity within the FGCS category can foster a more inclusive environment that respects the unique experiences of each individual. This approach paves the way for a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced by FGCSs and empowers them to navigate their academic journeys with confidence.
作为第一代大学生(FGCS),无论是在学术空间还是在各种个人家庭环境中,我对这一标签始终感到不自在。身为 FGCS 的概念唤起了我内心的尴尬、学术上的异类感以及外部的微小攻击。通过对我参加 FGCS 年度研讨会的自我民族志分析,我探讨了这一类别的优势和劣势。研讨会让我深入了解了性别研究学者的不同经历,揭示了性别研究学者是一个具有多种声音和叙事的流动性学术建构。然而,当与其他身份交织在一起时,"性别研究者 "类别的脆弱性就显现出来了,这导致了参与者之间的对话冲突和抵制。对 "女性外来务工人员 "的僵化定义忽视了其被社会排斥的历史背景,也无视其中种族和民族群体的独特敏感性和差异。这种做法削弱了边缘化群体的斗争,使他们在校园内外长期受到排斥。承认 FGCS 类别的复杂性和多样性,可以营造一个更具包容性的环境,尊重每个人的独特经历。这种方法为全面了解非关键学生所面临的挑战铺平了道路,使他们能够充满信心地走完自己的学业之路。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Contemporary Ethnography
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