H. Albers, Kailin Kroetz, C. Sims, Amy W. Ando, D. Finnoff, R. Horan, Rongsong Liu, E. Nelson, J. Merkle
Although many migratory species are of conservation concern, traditional conservation policies and economic analysis rarely address the unique characteristics of migratory species, limiting their impact. After a brief description of key attributes of migratory species, this paper explores how those features alter approaches to answering critical conservation policy questions: where, when, with what tools, and which migratory species to conserve? Because migratory species make movement decisions across space and time, migratory species conservation also considers the joint question of when and where to conserve. Policy analysis that considers the spatial–temporal actions of migratory species throughout their annual habitat and incorporates the use of near real-time information is of particular importance for migratory species conservation. Regression analysis of increasingly available spatial–temporal data about species movements could generate important insights about species responses to human-managed landscapes and provide inputs that simplify and empirically ground spatial–dynamic conservation policy analysis.
{"title":"Where, When, What, and Which? Using Characteristics of Migratory Species to Inform Conservation Policy Questions","authors":"H. Albers, Kailin Kroetz, C. Sims, Amy W. Ando, D. Finnoff, R. Horan, Rongsong Liu, E. Nelson, J. Merkle","doi":"10.1086/724179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724179","url":null,"abstract":"Although many migratory species are of conservation concern, traditional conservation policies and economic analysis rarely address the unique characteristics of migratory species, limiting their impact. After a brief description of key attributes of migratory species, this paper explores how those features alter approaches to answering critical conservation policy questions: where, when, with what tools, and which migratory species to conserve? Because migratory species make movement decisions across space and time, migratory species conservation also considers the joint question of when and where to conserve. Policy analysis that considers the spatial–temporal actions of migratory species throughout their annual habitat and incorporates the use of near real-time information is of particular importance for migratory species conservation. Regression analysis of increasingly available spatial–temporal data about species movements could generate important insights about species responses to human-managed landscapes and provide inputs that simplify and empirically ground spatial–dynamic conservation policy analysis.","PeriodicalId":47676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49377190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Conte, K. Hansen, Kyle Horton, Chian Jones Ritten, Leah H. Palm‐Forster, J. Shogren, Frank Wätzold, Teal B. Wyckoff, H. Albers
Effectively supporting seasonal migratory species requires spatial and temporal coordination of mechanisms to induce conservation, often across many public and private actors. We develop a framework to evaluate the efficacy of such mechanisms based on two salient ecological characteristics of migratory species: route plasticity and resilience. We describe how combinations of these characteristics heighten the relevance of four challenges facing spatial–temporal coordination of migratory species support: free riding, holdouts, transaction costs, and transnational coordination. After detailing how the available mechanisms might best meet migratory species’ needs and mitigate coordination challenges across resilience and route plasticity space, we use the framework to identify combinations of mechanisms that can support the needs of two migratory species: mule deer and monarchs.
{"title":"A Framework for Evaluating Mechanisms to Support Seasonal Migratory Species","authors":"M. Conte, K. Hansen, Kyle Horton, Chian Jones Ritten, Leah H. Palm‐Forster, J. Shogren, Frank Wätzold, Teal B. Wyckoff, H. Albers","doi":"10.1086/724032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724032","url":null,"abstract":"Effectively supporting seasonal migratory species requires spatial and temporal coordination of mechanisms to induce conservation, often across many public and private actors. We develop a framework to evaluate the efficacy of such mechanisms based on two salient ecological characteristics of migratory species: route plasticity and resilience. We describe how combinations of these characteristics heighten the relevance of four challenges facing spatial–temporal coordination of migratory species support: free riding, holdouts, transaction costs, and transnational coordination. After detailing how the available mechanisms might best meet migratory species’ needs and mitigate coordination challenges across resilience and route plasticity space, we use the framework to identify combinations of mechanisms that can support the needs of two migratory species: mule deer and monarchs.","PeriodicalId":47676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41247314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Jaeger, E. Irwin, Eli P. Fenichel, S. Levin, Atar Herziger
Interdisciplinary research on systems jointly determined by human and ecological dynamics is critical for understanding and addressing environmental and sustainability challenges. Such research requires collaboration between the natural and social sciences. However, the high costs and irreversible investments in specialized information structures contribute to a gap between researchers’ willingness to engage in interdisciplinary research and the social value of interdisciplinary research. These attributes reinforce disciplinary specialization and lock-in. We find that the institutions and organizations needed to guide interdisciplinary research in ways comparable to disciplinary research have yet to be adequately established. Research produces a public good whose quality is uncertain and difficult to measure even within disciplines. Asymmetric information between disciplines raises costs and lowers rewards for researchers, publications, universities, and research funders. It has also led to market segmentation where some outlets publish research with insufficient quality control for either the natural science or economics components. Our survey of researchers in economics and natural sciences finds evidence of researcher perceptions and incentives consistent with disciplinary-based asymmetries and incentive incompatibilities between economists and natural scientists. The paper concludes with recommendations for individual researchers, research teams, publication and peer review, universities, and research-funding agencies.
{"title":"Meeting the Challenges to Economists of Pursuing Interdisciplinary Research on Human–Natural Systems","authors":"W. Jaeger, E. Irwin, Eli P. Fenichel, S. Levin, Atar Herziger","doi":"10.1086/723835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723835","url":null,"abstract":"Interdisciplinary research on systems jointly determined by human and ecological dynamics is critical for understanding and addressing environmental and sustainability challenges. Such research requires collaboration between the natural and social sciences. However, the high costs and irreversible investments in specialized information structures contribute to a gap between researchers’ willingness to engage in interdisciplinary research and the social value of interdisciplinary research. These attributes reinforce disciplinary specialization and lock-in. We find that the institutions and organizations needed to guide interdisciplinary research in ways comparable to disciplinary research have yet to be adequately established. Research produces a public good whose quality is uncertain and difficult to measure even within disciplines. Asymmetric information between disciplines raises costs and lowers rewards for researchers, publications, universities, and research funders. It has also led to market segmentation where some outlets publish research with insufficient quality control for either the natural science or economics components. Our survey of researchers in economics and natural sciences finds evidence of researcher perceptions and incentives consistent with disciplinary-based asymmetries and incentive incompatibilities between economists and natural scientists. The paper concludes with recommendations for individual researchers, research teams, publication and peer review, universities, and research-funding agencies.","PeriodicalId":47676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45116076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From the Great Migration of wildebeest through the Serengeti and Maasai Mara to the monarch butter fl y ’ s 3,000-mile fl ight from North America to wintering grounds in Mexico
从角马穿越塞伦盖蒂和马赛马拉的大迁徙到帝王蝶从北美到墨西哥越冬地的3000英里飞行
{"title":"Introduction to the Symposium on Economics and Policy for Seasonal Migratory Species Conservation","authors":"H. Albers","doi":"10.1086/723884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723884","url":null,"abstract":"From the Great Migration of wildebeest through the Serengeti and Maasai Mara to the monarch butter fl y ’ s 3,000-mile fl ight from North America to wintering grounds in Mexico","PeriodicalId":47676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60729361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews evidence from 28 peer-reviewed studies of the realized costs of 13 US Environmental Protection Agency regulations. We organize the review around the following four components of compliance cost: compliance strategies adopted by regulated entities, permit or other prices, unit compliance cost, and aggregate cost. For each cost component, we systematically assess data type, data coverage, unit of observation, method of obtaining the result, and controls for confounding factors. We then identify which factors drive differences between ex ante and ex post cost estimates. The most commonly identified factors are inaccurate ex ante accounting of baseline conditions and inadequate consideration of technological innovation. We find that failure to account for behavioral factors also contributes to differences between estimates. To improve future ex ante cost analyses, we recommend better characterization of baseline conditions, sensitivity analysis of highly uncertain parameters, greater reliance on economic models to incorporate behavioral response and reflect firm decision-making, and more explicit consideration of short-run implementation challenges. To enhance the ability to conduct ex post analyses, we recommend developing plans to collect data and to identify end points of interest and methods of analysis at the time the regulation is adopted.
{"title":"A Review of Retrospective Cost Analyses","authors":"A. Fraas, E. Kopits, A. Wolverton","doi":"10.1086/723595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723595","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews evidence from 28 peer-reviewed studies of the realized costs of 13 US Environmental Protection Agency regulations. We organize the review around the following four components of compliance cost: compliance strategies adopted by regulated entities, permit or other prices, unit compliance cost, and aggregate cost. For each cost component, we systematically assess data type, data coverage, unit of observation, method of obtaining the result, and controls for confounding factors. We then identify which factors drive differences between ex ante and ex post cost estimates. The most commonly identified factors are inaccurate ex ante accounting of baseline conditions and inadequate consideration of technological innovation. We find that failure to account for behavioral factors also contributes to differences between estimates. To improve future ex ante cost analyses, we recommend better characterization of baseline conditions, sensitivity analysis of highly uncertain parameters, greater reliance on economic models to incorporate behavioral response and reflect firm decision-making, and more explicit consideration of short-run implementation challenges. To enhance the ability to conduct ex post analyses, we recommend developing plans to collect data and to identify end points of interest and methods of analysis at the time the regulation is adopted.","PeriodicalId":47676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45378792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alex Hollingsworth, David M. Konisky, Nikolaos Zirogiannis
The US Environmental Protection Agency classifies air pollution releases that are due to accidents, malfunctions, or unanticipated facility start-ups and shutdowns as excess emissions, which violate the Clean Air Act. Despite this, states have historically granted emitting facilities exemptions, shielding facilities from enforcement and penalties. We outline recent research that documents the incidence, magnitude, environmental impacts, and health effects of these emissions to inform the considerable policy debate surrounding their regulation. The majority of prior research focuses on Texas because it is the only state that provides access to detailed data on excess emissions that can be easily used for research. This data limitation creates uncertainties about the incidence, magnitude, and impacts of these emissions outside of Texas. We argue that a requirement for detailed data reporting in all states would best enable policy makers to design an effective regulatory framework.
{"title":"Excess Emissions: Environmental Impacts, Health Effects, and Policy Debate","authors":"Alex Hollingsworth, David M. Konisky, Nikolaos Zirogiannis","doi":"10.1086/723885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723885","url":null,"abstract":"The US Environmental Protection Agency classifies air pollution releases that are due to accidents, malfunctions, or unanticipated facility start-ups and shutdowns as excess emissions, which violate the Clean Air Act. Despite this, states have historically granted emitting facilities exemptions, shielding facilities from enforcement and penalties. We outline recent research that documents the incidence, magnitude, environmental impacts, and health effects of these emissions to inform the considerable policy debate surrounding their regulation. The majority of prior research focuses on Texas because it is the only state that provides access to detailed data on excess emissions that can be easily used for research. This data limitation creates uncertainties about the incidence, magnitude, and impacts of these emissions outside of Texas. We argue that a requirement for detailed data reporting in all states would best enable policy makers to design an effective regulatory framework.","PeriodicalId":47676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43261957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Albers, Katherine D. Lee, A. Martínez-Salinas, A. Middleton, M. Murphy, S. Newbold, Temple Stoellinger
Compared to nonmigratory species, seasonal migratory species face different anthropogenic threats and respond differently to such threats. Protecting seasonal migratory species poses unique policy challenges because the integrity of the migratory process through space and time is critical for their survival. Considering ecological, economic, and institutional characteristics of migratory species throughout their annual or life cycle habitat is essential for effective conservation policy development. This article identifies and describes key ecological characteristics and conservation needs of migratory species. We then discuss the implications of those characteristics for threats and conservation tools. The concepts described form the basis for the discussion of economic policy analysis in two companion symposium articles.
{"title":"How Ecological Characteristics of Seasonal Migratory Species Influence Conservation Threats and Policy Needs","authors":"H. Albers, Katherine D. Lee, A. Martínez-Salinas, A. Middleton, M. Murphy, S. Newbold, Temple Stoellinger","doi":"10.1086/723886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723886","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to nonmigratory species, seasonal migratory species face different anthropogenic threats and respond differently to such threats. Protecting seasonal migratory species poses unique policy challenges because the integrity of the migratory process through space and time is critical for their survival. Considering ecological, economic, and institutional characteristics of migratory species throughout their annual or life cycle habitat is essential for effective conservation policy development. This article identifies and describes key ecological characteristics and conservation needs of migratory species. We then discuss the implications of those characteristics for threats and conservation tools. The concepts described form the basis for the discussion of economic policy analysis in two companion symposium articles.","PeriodicalId":47676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46166510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angelika von Dulong, Alexander Gard-Murray, Achim Hagen, Niko Jaakkola, Suphi Şen
Many types of capital stocks—natural, physical, and human—stand to lose value because of climate policy and to become “stranded.” The owners of such assets will resist climate policies. We survey the recent climate economics literature and highlight research gaps related to stranded assets. In line with recent literature in political science, we argue that economists can provide more effective policy recommendations by putting greater emphasis on the distributional consequences of asset stranding. Our recommended policies focus on targeting new capital stocks related to energy production and consumption: banning fossil-intensive investment and encouraging investment into renewable and energy-efficient capital. These policies may face less resistance than price-based mechanisms and could improve the credibility of future carbon pricing.
{"title":"Stranded Assets: Research Gaps and Implications for Climate Policy","authors":"Angelika von Dulong, Alexander Gard-Murray, Achim Hagen, Niko Jaakkola, Suphi Şen","doi":"10.1086/723768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723768","url":null,"abstract":"Many types of capital stocks—natural, physical, and human—stand to lose value because of climate policy and to become “stranded.” The owners of such assets will resist climate policies. We survey the recent climate economics literature and highlight research gaps related to stranded assets. In line with recent literature in political science, we argue that economists can provide more effective policy recommendations by putting greater emphasis on the distributional consequences of asset stranding. Our recommended policies focus on targeting new capital stocks related to energy production and consumption: banning fossil-intensive investment and encouraging investment into renewable and energy-efficient capital. These policies may face less resistance than price-based mechanisms and could improve the credibility of future carbon pricing.","PeriodicalId":47676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46237447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several of the most pressing environmental problems involve transboundary issues and can be solved only through international cooperation. Hence, a successful policy response requires a good understanding of international environmental agreements—the primary tool for international cooperation. What motivates participation in environmental agreements, and how can it be increased? These questions have been addressed in economic research, mostly using game theoretical approaches, in models that predict the optimal emission abatement and participation levels. Our survey focuses on a contiguous body of work: the empirical literature on environmental treaty participation. The scope of this paper is to compile the first detailed survey of the empirical literature on participation in environmental agreements, summarize its findings, and enable better comparison with theoretical predictions.
{"title":"The Participation Dilemma: A Survey of the Empirical Literature on International Environmental Agreement Ratification","authors":"F. Bellelli, Ashar Aftab, R. Scarpa","doi":"10.1086/722906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/722906","url":null,"abstract":"Several of the most pressing environmental problems involve transboundary issues and can be solved only through international cooperation. Hence, a successful policy response requires a good understanding of international environmental agreements—the primary tool for international cooperation. What motivates participation in environmental agreements, and how can it be increased? These questions have been addressed in economic research, mostly using game theoretical approaches, in models that predict the optimal emission abatement and participation levels. Our survey focuses on a contiguous body of work: the empirical literature on environmental treaty participation. The scope of this paper is to compile the first detailed survey of the empirical literature on participation in environmental agreements, summarize its findings, and enable better comparison with theoretical predictions.","PeriodicalId":47676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44083808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Kuminoff, Katherine E. Ciaramello, Hanna M. Dooley, Martin D. Heintzelman, N. Khanna, Lea-Rachel Kosnik, Lynne Y. Lewis, Eric Trimble
We describe new data on diversity within the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (AERE), with a focus on association membership and publication in the association’s flagship journal, the Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (JAERE). We use these data to provide an update on the status of women in AERE and to extend the scope of diversity measures to describe the professional position, employer, alma mater, degree year, and degree country of JAERE authors. We find that AERE’s female membership share was approximately 29 percent in 2020. Compared with membership, women served in AERE leadership roles at higher rates and accounted for a smaller share of JAERE authors. In terms of international diversity, 72 percent of JAERE authors were employed in the United States, 78 percent of authors with PhDs earned their degrees from US schools, and 15 percent of authors obtained undergraduate degrees from schools outside the United States, Canada, and the European Union. We also show that 25 percent of JAERE authors were affiliated with 10 employers and 40 percent of authors obtained their highest degrees from 10 schools.
{"title":"New Evidence on Diversity in Environmental and Resource Economics","authors":"N. Kuminoff, Katherine E. Ciaramello, Hanna M. Dooley, Martin D. Heintzelman, N. Khanna, Lea-Rachel Kosnik, Lynne Y. Lewis, Eric Trimble","doi":"10.1086/722907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/722907","url":null,"abstract":"We describe new data on diversity within the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (AERE), with a focus on association membership and publication in the association’s flagship journal, the Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (JAERE). We use these data to provide an update on the status of women in AERE and to extend the scope of diversity measures to describe the professional position, employer, alma mater, degree year, and degree country of JAERE authors. We find that AERE’s female membership share was approximately 29 percent in 2020. Compared with membership, women served in AERE leadership roles at higher rates and accounted for a smaller share of JAERE authors. In terms of international diversity, 72 percent of JAERE authors were employed in the United States, 78 percent of authors with PhDs earned their degrees from US schools, and 15 percent of authors obtained undergraduate degrees from schools outside the United States, Canada, and the European Union. We also show that 25 percent of JAERE authors were affiliated with 10 employers and 40 percent of authors obtained their highest degrees from 10 schools.","PeriodicalId":47676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44187275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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