Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2130027
D. Neumann, Timothy M. Piatkowski, Robyn L. Moffitt, C. Minahan
ABSTRACT Objective The mental health of elite athletes is reportedly similar to that of the general community, but there could be important differences across geographic regions and cultures. This study investigated the mental health and levels of psychological distress of elite athletes from developing nations in the Oceania region via a cross-sectional survey. Method The survey assessed the mental health status, psychological distress, and help-seeking behaviours of athletes from 12 nations of the Oceania region who participated in the Gather, Adjust, Prepare, Sustain (GAPS) program. Results A high proportion of athletes (84%) met cut-off criteria for at least one of the investigated mental health symptoms. Athletes reported being most likely to seek help from their mother, father, or coach. Furthermore, athletes who reported high psychological distress did not differ in anticipated help-seeking behaviour from athletes who reported low psychological distress. Conclusions The findings suggest that mental health symptoms are prevalent among elite athletes from developing nations in the Oceania region. Psychological distress did not predict willingness to seek help, suggesting that education and support frameworks are needed to assist this vulnerable group. Piloting support programs in collaborative aid with nearby developed nations may be warranted and interventions may consider targeted mental health literacy resources and education. Key points What is already known about this topic: The demands athletes face increases their susceptibility to elevated mental health symptoms. Athletes may not seek help for mental health symptoms due to psychological (i.e., stigma) and physical (i.e., geographical) barriers. There is limited research on mental health symptoms and outcomes for athletes, especially among those from developing nations. What this topic adds: A high proportion of athletes (84%) exceeded cut-off scores for elevated psychological distress or a mental health symptom related to depression, anxiety, or eating. Athletes were more likely to seek help from their parents or coach than a mental health professional. Higher psychological distress did not predict help-seeking behaviour thus identifying a need for support programs and collaborative aid.
{"title":"The mental health of elite athletes in developing nations of the greater Oceania region","authors":"D. Neumann, Timothy M. Piatkowski, Robyn L. Moffitt, C. Minahan","doi":"10.1080/00050067.2022.2130027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2022.2130027","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective The mental health of elite athletes is reportedly similar to that of the general community, but there could be important differences across geographic regions and cultures. This study investigated the mental health and levels of psychological distress of elite athletes from developing nations in the Oceania region via a cross-sectional survey. Method The survey assessed the mental health status, psychological distress, and help-seeking behaviours of athletes from 12 nations of the Oceania region who participated in the Gather, Adjust, Prepare, Sustain (GAPS) program. Results A high proportion of athletes (84%) met cut-off criteria for at least one of the investigated mental health symptoms. Athletes reported being most likely to seek help from their mother, father, or coach. Furthermore, athletes who reported high psychological distress did not differ in anticipated help-seeking behaviour from athletes who reported low psychological distress. Conclusions The findings suggest that mental health symptoms are prevalent among elite athletes from developing nations in the Oceania region. Psychological distress did not predict willingness to seek help, suggesting that education and support frameworks are needed to assist this vulnerable group. Piloting support programs in collaborative aid with nearby developed nations may be warranted and interventions may consider targeted mental health literacy resources and education. Key points What is already known about this topic: The demands athletes face increases their susceptibility to elevated mental health symptoms. Athletes may not seek help for mental health symptoms due to psychological (i.e., stigma) and physical (i.e., geographical) barriers. There is limited research on mental health symptoms and outcomes for athletes, especially among those from developing nations. What this topic adds: A high proportion of athletes (84%) exceeded cut-off scores for elevated psychological distress or a mental health symptom related to depression, anxiety, or eating. Athletes were more likely to seek help from their parents or coach than a mental health professional. Higher psychological distress did not predict help-seeking behaviour thus identifying a need for support programs and collaborative aid.","PeriodicalId":47679,"journal":{"name":"Australian Psychologist","volume":"58 1","pages":"94 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48469474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2134757
J. Chen, V. Wuthrich, Dino Zagic
ABSTRACT Objective Despite the empirical support for exposure therapy, it is unclear how many community-dwelling older adults with anxiety disorders receive this intervention. This study examined the use of exposure therapy compared to other treatment techniques among clinicians who treat older adults with anxiety disorders. Method 60 registered mental health treatment providers (e.g., psychologists, clinical psychologists) (M = 44 years, 83.3% female) completed self-report questionnaires assessing the frequency of use of exposure therapy and other treatment techniques for older clients with anxiety disorders, as well as beliefs about the safety and tolerability of exposure for older adults. Results Compared to younger anxious clients, clinicians endorsed significantly less frequent use of exposure therapy than other treatment techniques in older anxious adults. Negative therapist beliefs about the safety and tolerability of exposure therapy were significantly associated with infrequent use of exposure therapy in older adult clients. Clinical qualification was also associated with therapist beliefs about the exposure therapy, with clinicians who hold postgraduate qualifications reporting less negative therapist beliefs about exposure. Conclusions Current findings indicate there may be a need to address negative clinician attitudes towards the use of exposure therapy when working with anxious older clients. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Anxiety disorders are common mental disorders in older adults. Exposure-based cognitive behavioural therapy is highly effective in anxiety treatment. Clinicians trained in exposure therapy rarely deliver exposure therapy or they deliver this therapy in a less effective manner. What this topic adds: Exposure therapy is under-delivered in older adults with anxiety Negative beliefs about exposure therapy are associated with underuse of exposure therapy in older adults. Clinical training should address negative clinician attitudes towards the use of exposure therapy when working with anxious older clients.
{"title":"Practitioners’ use of exposure therapy in older adults with anxiety disorders","authors":"J. Chen, V. Wuthrich, Dino Zagic","doi":"10.1080/00050067.2022.2134757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2022.2134757","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Despite the empirical support for exposure therapy, it is unclear how many community-dwelling older adults with anxiety disorders receive this intervention. This study examined the use of exposure therapy compared to other treatment techniques among clinicians who treat older adults with anxiety disorders. Method 60 registered mental health treatment providers (e.g., psychologists, clinical psychologists) (M = 44 years, 83.3% female) completed self-report questionnaires assessing the frequency of use of exposure therapy and other treatment techniques for older clients with anxiety disorders, as well as beliefs about the safety and tolerability of exposure for older adults. Results Compared to younger anxious clients, clinicians endorsed significantly less frequent use of exposure therapy than other treatment techniques in older anxious adults. Negative therapist beliefs about the safety and tolerability of exposure therapy were significantly associated with infrequent use of exposure therapy in older adult clients. Clinical qualification was also associated with therapist beliefs about the exposure therapy, with clinicians who hold postgraduate qualifications reporting less negative therapist beliefs about exposure. Conclusions Current findings indicate there may be a need to address negative clinician attitudes towards the use of exposure therapy when working with anxious older clients. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Anxiety disorders are common mental disorders in older adults. Exposure-based cognitive behavioural therapy is highly effective in anxiety treatment. Clinicians trained in exposure therapy rarely deliver exposure therapy or they deliver this therapy in a less effective manner. What this topic adds: Exposure therapy is under-delivered in older adults with anxiety Negative beliefs about exposure therapy are associated with underuse of exposure therapy in older adults. Clinical training should address negative clinician attitudes towards the use of exposure therapy when working with anxious older clients.","PeriodicalId":47679,"journal":{"name":"Australian Psychologist","volume":"57 1","pages":"332 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43685015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2125282
J. Barrett, Fiona L. Calvert, C. Gonsalvez, Alice G. Shires
ABSTRACT Objective Clinical supervision plays an important role in competency development during psychology practitioner training. How the scientist-practitioner competency is operationalised, disseminated, and evaluated in supervision is unclear. This study aimed to explore supervisor and trainee attitudes, opinions, and perceptions of scientist-practitioner competence. It also sought to understand what supervisors are doing in supervision to develop and assess the scientist-practitioner competency, as well as how trainees demonstrate the competency in supervision. Method Three focus groups comprised 12 trainees and a total of 12 supervisor individual telephone interviews were conducted, where participants reflected on their supervision experiences, responding to questions about the scientist-practitioner competency. Results A thematic analysis resulted in the identification of core themes and subthemes. Core themes identified were 1) Scientist-Practitioner Model as a Foundation to Professional and Ethical Practice; 2) The Translation of Science into Real-World Practice; 3) Flexibility to Learn/Change within the Scientist-Practitioner Model; 4) Supervision as the Route to Developing Scientist Practitioner Skills and Knowledge; and 5) Barriers and Challenges to Bridging Science and Practice. Conclusions Findings reveal specific ways supervisors and trainees can acquire and demonstrate scientist-practitioner competence in supervision during professional training. This may assist with self- and other evaluation of scientist-practitioner competence in supervision. Implications for training, education, and supervision are discussed. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: The scientist-practitioner model underpins university postgraduate training programmes in clinical psychology. The supervision and competency literature has gained increased attention in recent decades, resulting in the identification and conceptualisation of the scientist-practitioner approach and mindset. Clinical supervision has an influential role in the development, assessment, and evaluation of the scientist-practitioner meta competency in psychology practitioner training. What this topic adds: This study is unique in that it provides an exploration of both supervisor and trainee perspectives of scientist-practitioner competence. Supervisor interviews and trainee focus groups revealed ways in which the scientist-practitioner competency is operationalised, disseminated, and evaluated in clinical supervision. Findings reveal specific and observable supervisor and trainee behaviours that demonstrate scientist-practitioner competence. This may assist supervisors in self-monitoring and evaluating scientist-practitioner competence and that of trainees during professional training.
{"title":"A qualitative investigation into perceptions of scientist-practitioner competence within supervision during psychology training programmes","authors":"J. Barrett, Fiona L. Calvert, C. Gonsalvez, Alice G. Shires","doi":"10.1080/00050067.2022.2125282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2022.2125282","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Clinical supervision plays an important role in competency development during psychology practitioner training. How the scientist-practitioner competency is operationalised, disseminated, and evaluated in supervision is unclear. This study aimed to explore supervisor and trainee attitudes, opinions, and perceptions of scientist-practitioner competence. It also sought to understand what supervisors are doing in supervision to develop and assess the scientist-practitioner competency, as well as how trainees demonstrate the competency in supervision. Method Three focus groups comprised 12 trainees and a total of 12 supervisor individual telephone interviews were conducted, where participants reflected on their supervision experiences, responding to questions about the scientist-practitioner competency. Results A thematic analysis resulted in the identification of core themes and subthemes. Core themes identified were 1) Scientist-Practitioner Model as a Foundation to Professional and Ethical Practice; 2) The Translation of Science into Real-World Practice; 3) Flexibility to Learn/Change within the Scientist-Practitioner Model; 4) Supervision as the Route to Developing Scientist Practitioner Skills and Knowledge; and 5) Barriers and Challenges to Bridging Science and Practice. Conclusions Findings reveal specific ways supervisors and trainees can acquire and demonstrate scientist-practitioner competence in supervision during professional training. This may assist with self- and other evaluation of scientist-practitioner competence in supervision. Implications for training, education, and supervision are discussed. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: The scientist-practitioner model underpins university postgraduate training programmes in clinical psychology. The supervision and competency literature has gained increased attention in recent decades, resulting in the identification and conceptualisation of the scientist-practitioner approach and mindset. Clinical supervision has an influential role in the development, assessment, and evaluation of the scientist-practitioner meta competency in psychology practitioner training. What this topic adds: This study is unique in that it provides an exploration of both supervisor and trainee perspectives of scientist-practitioner competence. Supervisor interviews and trainee focus groups revealed ways in which the scientist-practitioner competency is operationalised, disseminated, and evaluated in clinical supervision. Findings reveal specific and observable supervisor and trainee behaviours that demonstrate scientist-practitioner competence. This may assist supervisors in self-monitoring and evaluating scientist-practitioner competence and that of trainees during professional training.","PeriodicalId":47679,"journal":{"name":"Australian Psychologist","volume":"58 1","pages":"80 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44768268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-05DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2125283
E. Freeman
ABSTRACT Objective Despite parenting programs providing benefits to parents and children, fathers enrol five times less often than mothers and dropout at higher rates. To better understand how to encourage father engagement, this study asked 55 Australian fathers about their preferences regarding six attributes of parenting programs: content; delivery method; participants; facilitator gender; program duration; and cost. Method Participants were asked to complete an online experiment indicating the best and worst options presented within each attribute (e.g., comparing a parenting program delivered face-to-face, through zoom, online, via an app, or SMS-based). Results Fathers showed a strong preference for a program that included child-focused activities rather than parenting-partner-focused activities. Delivering the program via SMS was the least preferred delivery method, but there were no strong preferences around who participated in the program or the facilitator gender. There was a strong preference for a one- to two-month duration and a no, or low-cost program. Conclusions These findings provide the first step towards developing father-focused parenting programs containing attributes that encourage father engagement. Key Points What is already known about this topic: (1) Childhood mental health problems are at alarming levels in Australia with around 1 in 8 children experiencing externalising or internalising behaviour problems. (2) Parenting programs are an effective method of addressing childhood behaviour problems. (3) Fathers enrol in parenting programs 5 times less often and have higher dropout rates than mothers. What this paper adds: (1) Fathers have a strong preference for parenting programs that focus on activities to do with their child, that run for 4-8 weeks, and are free or low-cost. (2) Fathers do not have strong preferences around who they complete a parenting program with, or who facilitates the program. (3) These findings provide the first step towards developing father-focused parenting programs.
{"title":"Enhancing fathers’ engagement in parenting programs: identifying preferred program attributes","authors":"E. Freeman","doi":"10.1080/00050067.2022.2125283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2022.2125283","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Despite parenting programs providing benefits to parents and children, fathers enrol five times less often than mothers and dropout at higher rates. To better understand how to encourage father engagement, this study asked 55 Australian fathers about their preferences regarding six attributes of parenting programs: content; delivery method; participants; facilitator gender; program duration; and cost. Method Participants were asked to complete an online experiment indicating the best and worst options presented within each attribute (e.g., comparing a parenting program delivered face-to-face, through zoom, online, via an app, or SMS-based). Results Fathers showed a strong preference for a program that included child-focused activities rather than parenting-partner-focused activities. Delivering the program via SMS was the least preferred delivery method, but there were no strong preferences around who participated in the program or the facilitator gender. There was a strong preference for a one- to two-month duration and a no, or low-cost program. Conclusions These findings provide the first step towards developing father-focused parenting programs containing attributes that encourage father engagement. Key Points What is already known about this topic: (1) Childhood mental health problems are at alarming levels in Australia with around 1 in 8 children experiencing externalising or internalising behaviour problems. (2) Parenting programs are an effective method of addressing childhood behaviour problems. (3) Fathers enrol in parenting programs 5 times less often and have higher dropout rates than mothers. What this paper adds: (1) Fathers have a strong preference for parenting programs that focus on activities to do with their child, that run for 4-8 weeks, and are free or low-cost. (2) Fathers do not have strong preferences around who they complete a parenting program with, or who facilitates the program. (3) These findings provide the first step towards developing father-focused parenting programs.","PeriodicalId":47679,"journal":{"name":"Australian Psychologist","volume":"58 1","pages":"41 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42940687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-05DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2120381
Shufan Wang, L. Schramm, E. Berger
ABSTRACT Objective Psychologists are primary care professionals responsible for providing treatment to people exposed to trauma. However, there has been limited research exploring psychologists’ perceptions of their practice and trauma-informed care when treating people exposed to trauma. The current study aimed to investigate: 1) psychologists’ perceptions of assessing and treating trauma-exposed clients; and 2) psychologists’ perceptions of trauma-informed practice and their need for further training in this area. Method Surveys were completed by 99 psychologists, and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Psychologists reported the importance of further trauma-related training and showed an inconsistent understanding of trauma-informed practice. Conclusions Changes in tertiary education for psychologists were recommended to assist future psychologists to develop competency and confidence in assessing and treating trauma-exposed clients. It was also recommended that psychologists with insufficient knowledge in this field to undertake further training in this area. Key Points What is already known about this topic: (1) Psychologists are primary care professionals responsible for diagnosing and treating clients exposed to trauma. (2) Working with trauma-exposed clients presents a burden for psychologists in terms of their mental health and wellbeing. (3) There is limited Australian and international research concerning the experiences and needs of psychologists when assessing and treating trauma-exposed clients. What this topic adds: (1) This study demonstrated Australian psychologists’ mixed knowledge and confidence when assessing and treating clients exposed to trauma. (2) Mixed understanding of trauma-informed care and ways to implement trauma-informed practice were also presented. (3) More professional development for some psychologists is recommended regarding assessing and treating trauma, and regarding trauma-informed practice.
{"title":"Psychologists’ perceptions of assessing and treating trauma-exposed clients","authors":"Shufan Wang, L. Schramm, E. Berger","doi":"10.1080/00050067.2022.2120381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2022.2120381","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Psychologists are primary care professionals responsible for providing treatment to people exposed to trauma. However, there has been limited research exploring psychologists’ perceptions of their practice and trauma-informed care when treating people exposed to trauma. The current study aimed to investigate: 1) psychologists’ perceptions of assessing and treating trauma-exposed clients; and 2) psychologists’ perceptions of trauma-informed practice and their need for further training in this area. Method Surveys were completed by 99 psychologists, and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Psychologists reported the importance of further trauma-related training and showed an inconsistent understanding of trauma-informed practice. Conclusions Changes in tertiary education for psychologists were recommended to assist future psychologists to develop competency and confidence in assessing and treating trauma-exposed clients. It was also recommended that psychologists with insufficient knowledge in this field to undertake further training in this area. Key Points What is already known about this topic: (1) Psychologists are primary care professionals responsible for diagnosing and treating clients exposed to trauma. (2) Working with trauma-exposed clients presents a burden for psychologists in terms of their mental health and wellbeing. (3) There is limited Australian and international research concerning the experiences and needs of psychologists when assessing and treating trauma-exposed clients. What this topic adds: (1) This study demonstrated Australian psychologists’ mixed knowledge and confidence when assessing and treating clients exposed to trauma. (2) Mixed understanding of trauma-informed care and ways to implement trauma-informed practice were also presented. (3) More professional development for some psychologists is recommended regarding assessing and treating trauma, and regarding trauma-informed practice.","PeriodicalId":47679,"journal":{"name":"Australian Psychologist","volume":"58 1","pages":"18 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49347504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-05DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2125281
Vinola Adams, Joel A. Howell, S. Egan
ABSTRACT Objective Clinical perfectionism is associated with psychological distress, however, few studies have examined factors that moderate the relationship. Self-compassion is a useful construct to examine as it is a component of cognitive-behavioural treatment (CBT) for clinical perfectionism, and lower self-compassion is related to higher perfectionism and distress. Method The aim was to determine if self-compassion is a moderator between clinical perfectionism and distress. Adults who had mild symptoms of anxiety and depression (N = 344, 82% female, M age= 28.14 years, SD = 12.79) completed online measures. Results In considering the total self-compassion score, when self-compassion was higher the association between clinical perfectionism and psychological distress was lower, relative to when self-compassion was lower, hence self-compassion was a moderator between clinical perfectionism and distress. When the Self-Compassion Scale was considered on the basis of the positive and negative subscales, these were not significant moderators between clinical perfectionism and distress. Conclusion Self-compassion may be one explanation of how clinical perfectionism is associated with distress, when considered as a total score. The results support the need for future research examining the moderating role of self-compassion between perfectionism and distress, given the contrast in findings when considered at a subscale level. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Perfectionism is associated with psychological distress. Few studies have examined factors that explain the relationship. Self-compassion is one factor that could explain this link. What this topic adds: Self-compassion may explain how perfectionism is associated with distress. Future research is needed on the moderating role of self-compassion. Treatments for perfectionism should target self-compassion.
{"title":"Self-compassion as a moderator between clinical perfectionism and psychological distress","authors":"Vinola Adams, Joel A. Howell, S. Egan","doi":"10.1080/00050067.2022.2125281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2022.2125281","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Clinical perfectionism is associated with psychological distress, however, few studies have examined factors that moderate the relationship. Self-compassion is a useful construct to examine as it is a component of cognitive-behavioural treatment (CBT) for clinical perfectionism, and lower self-compassion is related to higher perfectionism and distress. Method The aim was to determine if self-compassion is a moderator between clinical perfectionism and distress. Adults who had mild symptoms of anxiety and depression (N = 344, 82% female, M age= 28.14 years, SD = 12.79) completed online measures. Results In considering the total self-compassion score, when self-compassion was higher the association between clinical perfectionism and psychological distress was lower, relative to when self-compassion was lower, hence self-compassion was a moderator between clinical perfectionism and distress. When the Self-Compassion Scale was considered on the basis of the positive and negative subscales, these were not significant moderators between clinical perfectionism and distress. Conclusion Self-compassion may be one explanation of how clinical perfectionism is associated with distress, when considered as a total score. The results support the need for future research examining the moderating role of self-compassion between perfectionism and distress, given the contrast in findings when considered at a subscale level. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Perfectionism is associated with psychological distress. Few studies have examined factors that explain the relationship. Self-compassion is one factor that could explain this link. What this topic adds: Self-compassion may explain how perfectionism is associated with distress. Future research is needed on the moderating role of self-compassion. Treatments for perfectionism should target self-compassion.","PeriodicalId":47679,"journal":{"name":"Australian Psychologist","volume":"58 1","pages":"31 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41515274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-11DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2110855
Helena de Anstiss
ABSTRACT Objective Adolescents are reported to be the fastest growing population at risk for intimate partner violence, and yet very few seek help, and those who do are more likely to turn to friends and family before, if at all, professional sources such as the police, mental health practitioners, social workers, health professionals and teachers. Research on refugee-background adolescents is scant despite their growing presence in migration flows to Australia and other western resettlement countries. This article reports on a qualitative investigation of help-seeking among young women from refugee backgrounds who had experienced partner violence during adolescence. Method Interview and focus group data were obtained from 17 cisgender young women and five helping professionals. Results Very few participants voluntarily sought professional help during or after a violent relationship due to a range of individual, interpersonal and sociocultural influences. Conclusions Prevention and intervention efforts should be anchored in a nuanced understanding of the contexts of partner violence for this population group as well as sensitivity to how disclosure and help-seeking may be influenced by age and developmental stage, cultural background, acculturation, and access to support services. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Adolescent partner violence is an important public health problem with significant physical, psychological, and social consequences for adolescents. Preliminary research, mainly from the US, reports that very few adolescents seek professional help when violence occurs. Although adolescents consistently account for a large proportion of the humanitarian intake in Australia, the US and other western resettlement countries, they are underrepresented in research. What this topic adds: This study sheds light on the individual, interpersonal and sociocultural contexts of help-seeking for partner violence in an under-researched population group. Very few participants voluntarily sought professional help during or after a violent relationship. Barriers corresponded with, and diverged from, those reported for adolescents in the general adolescent population. Recommendations are made to enhance the developmental and cultural fit of interventions designed for adolescents.
{"title":"Who are you going to talk to? Help-seeking for partner violence among refugee-background young women in Australia","authors":"Helena de Anstiss","doi":"10.1080/00050067.2022.2110855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2022.2110855","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Adolescents are reported to be the fastest growing population at risk for intimate partner violence, and yet very few seek help, and those who do are more likely to turn to friends and family before, if at all, professional sources such as the police, mental health practitioners, social workers, health professionals and teachers. Research on refugee-background adolescents is scant despite their growing presence in migration flows to Australia and other western resettlement countries. This article reports on a qualitative investigation of help-seeking among young women from refugee backgrounds who had experienced partner violence during adolescence. Method Interview and focus group data were obtained from 17 cisgender young women and five helping professionals. Results Very few participants voluntarily sought professional help during or after a violent relationship due to a range of individual, interpersonal and sociocultural influences. Conclusions Prevention and intervention efforts should be anchored in a nuanced understanding of the contexts of partner violence for this population group as well as sensitivity to how disclosure and help-seeking may be influenced by age and developmental stage, cultural background, acculturation, and access to support services. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Adolescent partner violence is an important public health problem with significant physical, psychological, and social consequences for adolescents. Preliminary research, mainly from the US, reports that very few adolescents seek professional help when violence occurs. Although adolescents consistently account for a large proportion of the humanitarian intake in Australia, the US and other western resettlement countries, they are underrepresented in research. What this topic adds: This study sheds light on the individual, interpersonal and sociocultural contexts of help-seeking for partner violence in an under-researched population group. Very few participants voluntarily sought professional help during or after a violent relationship. Barriers corresponded with, and diverged from, those reported for adolescents in the general adolescent population. Recommendations are made to enhance the developmental and cultural fit of interventions designed for adolescents.","PeriodicalId":47679,"journal":{"name":"Australian Psychologist","volume":"58 1","pages":"6 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43132096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-03DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2089544
J. Haycock, E. Hoon, A. Sweetman, L. Lack, N. Lovato
ABSTRACT Objective Although clinical guidelines recommend Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for insomnia (CBTi) as the first-line treatment for insomnia, many people with insomnia do not have access to CBTi and are prescribed sedative-hypnotic medicines by medical health professionals. Psychologists have training in CBT and may be well placed to deliver behavioural therapy for insomnia. However, the current treatment of insomnia, amount of sleep-specific training and knowledge of CBTi among Australian psychologists remains unknown. Method This qualitative study conducted semi-structured interviews with Australian psychologists. Interviews included case study scenarios to provide an in-depth exploration of psychologists’ knowledge and skills in the management of insomnia. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis to identify themes. Results Twenty-six psychologists participated in this study. Four themes were identified in the data: 1) Sleep is important but rarely a treatment priority; 2) Confusion about funding pathways discourages treatment of insomnia; 3) A variety of approaches are used in the management of insomnia; 4) Psychologists with experience in CBTi are rare. Conclusions Most Australian psychologists are not well equipped to manage insomnia effectively with CBTi. Along with other primary health care professionals, psychologists need training in the delivery of evidence-based insomnia treatment. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: The recommended treatment for insomnia is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for insomnia (CBTi) but most people with insomnia do not receive this treatment The most common treatments for insomnia are sedative hypnotic medications and sleep hygiene education Most people with insomnia are not referred to a psychologist. What this topic adds: Most psychologists and other primary care professionals lack specific knowledge and training in insomnia and CBTi Insomnia is often regarded as a secondary problem and clients are not usually referred to psychologists for treatment of insomnia Psychologists use a range of treatments for insomnia, most common are sleep hygiene and relaxation.
{"title":"The management of insomnia by Australian psychologists: a qualitative study","authors":"J. Haycock, E. Hoon, A. Sweetman, L. Lack, N. Lovato","doi":"10.1080/00050067.2022.2089544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2022.2089544","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Although clinical guidelines recommend Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for insomnia (CBTi) as the first-line treatment for insomnia, many people with insomnia do not have access to CBTi and are prescribed sedative-hypnotic medicines by medical health professionals. Psychologists have training in CBT and may be well placed to deliver behavioural therapy for insomnia. However, the current treatment of insomnia, amount of sleep-specific training and knowledge of CBTi among Australian psychologists remains unknown. Method This qualitative study conducted semi-structured interviews with Australian psychologists. Interviews included case study scenarios to provide an in-depth exploration of psychologists’ knowledge and skills in the management of insomnia. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis to identify themes. Results Twenty-six psychologists participated in this study. Four themes were identified in the data: 1) Sleep is important but rarely a treatment priority; 2) Confusion about funding pathways discourages treatment of insomnia; 3) A variety of approaches are used in the management of insomnia; 4) Psychologists with experience in CBTi are rare. Conclusions Most Australian psychologists are not well equipped to manage insomnia effectively with CBTi. Along with other primary health care professionals, psychologists need training in the delivery of evidence-based insomnia treatment. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: The recommended treatment for insomnia is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for insomnia (CBTi) but most people with insomnia do not receive this treatment The most common treatments for insomnia are sedative hypnotic medications and sleep hygiene education Most people with insomnia are not referred to a psychologist. What this topic adds: Most psychologists and other primary care professionals lack specific knowledge and training in insomnia and CBTi Insomnia is often regarded as a secondary problem and clients are not usually referred to psychologists for treatment of insomnia Psychologists use a range of treatments for insomnia, most common are sleep hygiene and relaxation.","PeriodicalId":47679,"journal":{"name":"Australian Psychologist","volume":"57 1","pages":"290 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44050047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-21DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2107889
Parveen Gill, K. King, A. Flego
ABSTRACT Objective The physical health of individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) is generally far worse than the general population. Emerging electronic and mobile health (e-& mHealth) technology may provide new ways to offer interventions in order to reduce modifiable lifestyle risk factors in this vulnerable population. This scoping review aimed to assess the state of knowledge about the use of e-& mHealth technology-based interventions to address modifiable lifestyle risk factors amongst individuals with SMI. Method EMBASE, Medline (Ovid) and PsycINFO were searched to identify papers published up to July 2021. Extended PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews were followed to report the results. Results A total of 85 papers were identified, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. These interventions were effective in bringing about positive and clinically significant impacts in weight loss, diet, smoking cessation, and physical activity for some participants. However, many participants did not experience these benefits. Overall, participants indicated that they were satisfied with, and receptive to e-& mHealth interventions. Conclusion The evidence base for the use of technology-based interventions to improve modifiable lifestyle risk factors for people with SMI is very limited. More rigorous research on the use of technological tools is needed to determine how more users could benefit from them. Further research and intervention development should be undertaken in collaboration with people with SMI to ensure that unique requirements and preferences are included. Key Points What is already known about this topic: The rates of mortality for individuals with SMI are several times those of the general population. Reducing the major modifiable lifestyle risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among those with SMI is crucial. The use of emerging e-& mHealth technologies could expand the reach of services to improve modifiable lifestyle risk factors among this population. What this paper adds: More studies are currently required to build on the current evidence base regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of e-& mHealth technology to improve the modifiable lifestyle risk factors of those with SMI. Emerging research on the use of e-& mHealth technology to improve modifiable lifestyle risk factors of those with SMI looks promising. Findings from research can inform the design of future health interventions targeting this vulnerable patient population.
{"title":"The use of e-& mHealth technology-based interventions to improve modifiable lifestyle risk factors amongst individuals with severe mental illness (SMI): a scoping review","authors":"Parveen Gill, K. King, A. Flego","doi":"10.1080/00050067.2022.2107889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2022.2107889","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective The physical health of individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) is generally far worse than the general population. Emerging electronic and mobile health (e-& mHealth) technology may provide new ways to offer interventions in order to reduce modifiable lifestyle risk factors in this vulnerable population. This scoping review aimed to assess the state of knowledge about the use of e-& mHealth technology-based interventions to address modifiable lifestyle risk factors amongst individuals with SMI. Method EMBASE, Medline (Ovid) and PsycINFO were searched to identify papers published up to July 2021. Extended PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews were followed to report the results. Results A total of 85 papers were identified, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. These interventions were effective in bringing about positive and clinically significant impacts in weight loss, diet, smoking cessation, and physical activity for some participants. However, many participants did not experience these benefits. Overall, participants indicated that they were satisfied with, and receptive to e-& mHealth interventions. Conclusion The evidence base for the use of technology-based interventions to improve modifiable lifestyle risk factors for people with SMI is very limited. More rigorous research on the use of technological tools is needed to determine how more users could benefit from them. Further research and intervention development should be undertaken in collaboration with people with SMI to ensure that unique requirements and preferences are included. Key Points What is already known about this topic: The rates of mortality for individuals with SMI are several times those of the general population. Reducing the major modifiable lifestyle risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among those with SMI is crucial. The use of emerging e-& mHealth technologies could expand the reach of services to improve modifiable lifestyle risk factors among this population. What this paper adds: More studies are currently required to build on the current evidence base regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of e-& mHealth technology to improve the modifiable lifestyle risk factors of those with SMI. Emerging research on the use of e-& mHealth technology to improve modifiable lifestyle risk factors of those with SMI looks promising. Findings from research can inform the design of future health interventions targeting this vulnerable patient population.","PeriodicalId":47679,"journal":{"name":"Australian Psychologist","volume":"57 1","pages":"259 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44335536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2107890
Shannon Grassby, C. Gonsalvez
ABSTRACT Objectives There is strong endorsement of competency-based frameworks for practitioner training and widespread use of group supervision in practitioner training. However, there has been little effort made to understand the components and anatomy of group supervision, or efforts made to evaluate its efficacy. The current study investigates the nature and extent to which abilities and skills within individual and group supervision are similar or distinct from each other. Method A total of 98 supervisees, across 21 groups, evaluated individual and group supervisor competence of their supervisors (N = 11) using the Supervision Evaluation and Supervisor Competence Scale. Results Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that group supervision emerged as a distinct and independent cluster to individual supervision competencies. Additionally, supervisors were rated higher on individual than group supervision competencies. Conclusion Group supervision should be considered a distinct competency requiring specific skills and therefore would likely benefit from specialised training to deliver competent group supervision. These preliminary results have implications for supervisor training, as well as clinical training programs in Australia and abroad who use group supervision as a form of clinical training. Key Points What is already known about this topic: Competency-based supervisory approaches are supported by regulatory authorities. The evaluation of competent group supervision has received inadequate research attention. There are no available measures of group supervision to evaluate supervisor competence. What this paper adds: First experimental exploration that establishes group supervision as a distinct competency in clinical supervision. Compared to individual supervision, supervisors were rated lower on group supervision competence and may require specialised training. A scale is included in the appendix for evaluation of both individual and group supervision competencies.
{"title":"Group supervision is a distinct supervisor competency: empirical evidence and a brief scale for supervisory practice","authors":"Shannon Grassby, C. Gonsalvez","doi":"10.1080/00050067.2022.2107890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2022.2107890","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objectives There is strong endorsement of competency-based frameworks for practitioner training and widespread use of group supervision in practitioner training. However, there has been little effort made to understand the components and anatomy of group supervision, or efforts made to evaluate its efficacy. The current study investigates the nature and extent to which abilities and skills within individual and group supervision are similar or distinct from each other. Method A total of 98 supervisees, across 21 groups, evaluated individual and group supervisor competence of their supervisors (N = 11) using the Supervision Evaluation and Supervisor Competence Scale. Results Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that group supervision emerged as a distinct and independent cluster to individual supervision competencies. Additionally, supervisors were rated higher on individual than group supervision competencies. Conclusion Group supervision should be considered a distinct competency requiring specific skills and therefore would likely benefit from specialised training to deliver competent group supervision. These preliminary results have implications for supervisor training, as well as clinical training programs in Australia and abroad who use group supervision as a form of clinical training. Key Points What is already known about this topic: Competency-based supervisory approaches are supported by regulatory authorities. The evaluation of competent group supervision has received inadequate research attention. There are no available measures of group supervision to evaluate supervisor competence. What this paper adds: First experimental exploration that establishes group supervision as a distinct competency in clinical supervision. Compared to individual supervision, supervisors were rated lower on group supervision competence and may require specialised training. A scale is included in the appendix for evaluation of both individual and group supervision competencies.","PeriodicalId":47679,"journal":{"name":"Australian Psychologist","volume":"57 1","pages":"352 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48503090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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