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Disaster risk reduction in the wicked problems framework 恶性问题框架中的减少灾害风险
IF 1.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1108/dpm-03-2024-0062
David Oliver Kasdan

Purpose

Applying the wicked problems framework to disaster risk reduction makes for a more appropriate understanding of the modern challenges of mitigation that may inform better strategies and communications.

Design/methodology/approach

This research employs a literature review of wicked problems to posit a theoretical application of the concept to disaster risk reduction in the format of a reflective examination and argument with reasoned lessons for policy and governance.

Findings

There is a broad body of research that informs the application of the wicked problems framework to improve disaster risk reduction. Understanding the value of rationality, complexity, clumsy solutions, and inter-disciplinary approaches for risk scenarios helps to frame and communicate a realistic perspective of disaster risk reduction objectives.

Practical implications

Recognizing the various modes of response to the wicked problem of disaster risk reduction can help construct more comprehensive, inclusive, and effective approaches for continuous improvement.

Social implications

Understanding disaster risk as a wicked problem broadens the base for mitigation efforts by promoting more inclusion and perspectives from all segments of society.

Originality/value

Wicked problems have been loosely referenced in disaster management research, but there is a lack of theoretical foundation for the concept applied to disaster risk reduction and extension into practical policy.

目的将 "恶性问题 "框架应用于减少灾害风险,可以更恰当地理解现代减灾所面临的挑战,从而为更好的战略和沟通提供依据。研究结果大量的研究为应用 "恶性问题 "框架改善减少灾害风险提供了依据。了解理性的价值、复杂性、笨拙的解决方案以及跨学科方法对风险情景的影响,有助于以现实的视角来构建和传达减少灾害风险的目标。实际意义认识到应对减少灾害风险这一邪恶问题的各种模式,有助于构建更加全面、包容和有效的方法,从而实现持续改进。社会意义将灾害风险理解为一个邪恶的问题,可以扩大减灾工作的基础,促进更多的包容和社会各阶层的观点。原创性/价值在灾害管理研究中,邪恶问题一直被松散地引用,但将这一概念应用于减少灾害风险并推广到实际政策中,却缺乏理论基础。
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引用次数: 0
Support for housing recovery of home-based survivors: disaster case management after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami 支持以家庭为基础的幸存者恢复住房:2011 年东日本大地震和海啸后的灾害个案管理
IF 1.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1108/dpm-12-2023-0328
Akihiro Uto, Elizabeth Maly

Purpose

After the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), the need for disaster case management (DCM) was highlighted through the efforts of the Sendai Bar Association, which investigated the situation of survivors. This paper provides an overview of DCM in Japan since the GEJE, including key findings from investigations and legal consultations conducted by the Sendai Bar Association and the first author, who took part in the surveys with survivors in Ishinomaki City, clarifying the large number of homebound survivors and their needs.

Design/methodology/approach

In recent years there has been growing attention to the importance of DCM for supporting life and housing recovery of disaster survivors. Along with the expansion of DCM activities over several decades in Japan, the need for DCM was increasingly recognized after the 2011 GEJE and tsunami, especially for home-based survivors left out of government-provided disaster recovery support programs. As one-on-one advice to support individual recovery needs, the focus of DCM in Japan is legal advice to help survivors effectively navigate support policies.

Findings

Since the GEJE, there has been growing support for DCM in Japan, including from practitioners, scholars, and regional and national governments. However, although DCM can be an effective way to support housing recovery, even 12 years after the GEJE, there are still survivors in need of additional support.

Originality/value

Drawing on a detailed case study and action research of the first author, this paper contributes to the still limited international literature on DCM in Japan.

目的 东日本大地震(GEJE)发生后,仙台律师协会(Sendai Bar Association)对幸存者的状况进行了调查,凸显了灾害案件管理(DCM)的必要性。本文概述了东日本大地震以来日本的 DCM 情况,包括仙台律师协会开展的调查和法律咨询的主要结果,第一作者参与了对石卷市幸存者的调查,明确了大量居家的幸存者及其需求。设计/方法/途径近年来,DCM 在支持灾后幸存者生活和住房恢复方面的重要性日益受到关注。随着 DCM 活动在日本数十年来的不断扩展,2011 年日本大地震和海啸之后,人们越来越认识到 DCM 的必要性,尤其是对于被政府提供的灾后恢复支持计划排除在外的居家幸存者而言。作为支持个人恢复需求的一对一咨询,DCM 在日本的重点是提供法律咨询,以帮助幸存者有效地了解支持政策。研究结果自日本大地震以来,DCM 在日本得到了越来越多的支持,包括来自从业人员、学者、地区和国家政府的支持。然而,尽管 DCM 是支持住房恢复的一种有效方式,但即使是在 GEJE 12 年之后,仍有幸存者需要额外的支持。原创性/价值本文以第一作者的详细案例研究和行动研究为基础,为有关日本 DCM 的仍然有限的国际文献做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
“Effing Awful!”: developing audio representation as a medium for conveying people’s experiences of flooded homes "真糟糕!":开发音频表征技术,将其作为传达人们在洪水淹没的房屋中的经历的媒介
IF 1.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1108/dpm-01-2024-0033
David Angel, Ksenia Chmutina, Victoria Haines, Monia Del Pinto

Purpose

Disaster research is often geared towards logocentrism and has relatively few outputs that explore alternative forms of representation, particularly those using an artistic medium. This paper explores how the creative use of audio representation can enhance understanding of flooding experiences, challenging the predominant text-based approach within qualitative study.

Design/methodology/approach

During a series of visits to people who had been flooded in 2019 in the UK, interviews and ambient sounds were recorded, analysed and then intertwined with musical elements composed by the lead author. The result is a phonographic representation of the synthesised data. The process explores a tripartite, creative, sonic approach that comingles thematic spoken excerpts with local sounds and musical compositions.

Findings

This article presents three sonic vignettes that illustrate the use of audio as a medium for academic research outputs. It contributes to the current consensus that the interpretation, representation and dissemination of research findings should be broadened beyond the dominance of the written word to align with the ethos of the Disaster Studies Manifesto.

Research limitations/implications

The research contributes to disaster scholarship by developing a transdisciplinary approach to explore people’s experiences. By retaining the participants’ voices at its core, it makes use of in-depth, rich data to illustrate individuality, rather than aiming to generalise.

Originality/value

Very little disaster research has focussed on pushing the boundaries of investigation by using the arts as a lens for both the researcher and their audience. Such work may connect with a wider range of people compared to a text-based “traditional” academic output. It can offer new opportunities for practical uses within Disaster Risk Reduction, for example as a communicative and educational tool.

Contribution to impact

This paper contributes to understanding the impact of developing audio representation as a medium for conveying people’s experiences of flooded homes.

目的灾害研究通常以逻辑为中心,很少有研究成果探索其他的表现形式,尤其是使用艺术媒介的表现形式。本文探讨了如何创造性地使用音频表述来增强人们对洪灾经历的理解,从而挑战定性研究中占主导地位的基于文本的方法。其结果是对综合数据的语音表述。这一过程探索了一种三方、创造性的声学方法,将主题口语摘录与当地声音和音乐作品结合在一起。 研究结果本文介绍了三个声学小故事,说明了如何将音频作为学术研究成果的媒介。研究局限/启示这项研究通过开发一种跨学科方法来探索人们的经历,为灾害学术研究做出了贡献。原创性/价值很少有灾害研究通过将艺术作为研究者及其受众的视角来突破调查的界限。与以文字为基础的 "传统 "学术成果相比,这类工作可能会与更广泛的人群产生联系。它可以为减少灾害风险的实际用途提供新的机会,例如作为一种交流和教育工具。
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引用次数: 0
A conceptual exploration of researcher positionality and critical reflexivity in disaster research through the lens of Bourdieu 从布迪厄的视角对灾害研究中研究人员的立场和批判性反思进行概念性探讨
IF 1.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1108/dpm-03-2024-0068
Shinya Uekusa

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to deconstruct the current discourse on researcher positionality in disaster research and it aims to enhance disaster researchers’ reflexivity, using Bourdieu’s capital, field and habitus theories.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper relies on secondary literature from empirical and theoretical works and incorporates critical self-reflection from author’s own research experience.

Findings

As Bourdieu would argue, one’s habitus is interactive and responsive to contexts (field and other agents’ habitus and capital), thus reflexivity requires more than the acknowledgement of one’s ascribed and achieved social characteristics. Bourdieu’s theories help disaster researchers enhance their reflexivity and better understand the nature of researcher positionality: contextual, dynamic and negotiated.

Originality/value

This research provides a critical and theoretical discussion of researcher positionality in disaster research. Drawing from Bourdieu’s theories, researcher positionality can be framed in relation to not only researcher’s structurally differentiated insider–outsider status but also how interactions with the research participants and contexts in which the research is conducted influence that positionality.

本文旨在解构当前关于灾害研究中研究人员地位的论述,并利用布迪厄的资本、场域和惯常理论提高灾害研究人员的反思能力。研究结果正如布迪厄(Bourdieu)所认为的那样,一个人的习性是互动的,是对环境(场域和其他行为主体的习性和资本)的反应,因此,反思性要求的不仅仅是承认一个人被赋予和实现的社会特征。布迪厄的理论有助于灾害研究人员提高其反思能力,并更好地理解研究人员地位的本质:情境性、动态性和协商性。根据布迪厄的理论,研究人员的地位不仅与研究人员在结构上有别于局内人和局外人的地位有关,还与研究人员与研究参与者之间的互动以及开展研究的环境如何影响研究人员的地位有关。
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引用次数: 0
Artefacts of disaster risk reduction: conceptualizing bottom-up initiatives of climate action in informal settlements 减少灾害风险的人工制品:非正规住区自下而上的气候行动倡议的概念化
IF 1.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1108/dpm-11-2023-0315
Gonzalo Lizarralde, Benjamín Herazo, David Smith, Lisa Bornstein, Kevin Gould, Elsa Monsalve, Nicolás Ordoñez, Adriana López, Oswaldo López, Roberto Burdiles, Claudio Araneda, Andrés Olivera

Purpose

Disaster risk reduction is of prime importance in informal settlements in the Global South, where several forms of vulnerability coexist. Policy and official programmes, however, rarely respond to the needs and expectations of citizens and local leaders living in these settlements. Even though these agents constantly attempt to reduce risks in their own way, we know very little about their activities, motivations and effective impact on risk reduction. Here we seek to conceptualize bottom-up initiatives to better grasp their origins, limitations and success.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a four-year action-research project in Colombia, Cuba and Chile, we theorize about the production of change by local agents. Through detailed case studies we explored the activism of 17 local leaders. Through narrative analysis we studied their motivations and explanations. Finally, by documenting 22 initiatives, we revealed effective changes in space.

Findings

In the face of risk and disasters, residents and leaders in informal settings engaged in symbolic, physical and social spaces of interaction. Their actions were guided by trust, emotions, time cycles and activism. Local agency was justified by narratives about risk and climate change that differ from those of authorities and scholars.

Research limitations/implications

There is still limited understanding of bottom-up initiatives in informal settings. It is crucial to conceptualize their origins, limitations and success. The focus on three specific countries necessitates further research for broader applicability and understanding.

Practical implications

A better comprehension of bottom-up actions is crucial for informing policies and programmes aimed at reducing risk in informal settings. Stakeholders must recognize the political, social and cultural roles of these actions for more impactful climate action.

Originality/value

We borrow Simon’s concept of “artefact” to introduce the notion of “Artefacts of Disaster Risk Reduction”, providing insights into the multifaceted nature of bottom-up initiatives. We also emphasize the simultaneous political and phenomenological character of these actions, contributing to a deeper understanding of their origins and impact.

目的减少灾害风险对全球南部的非正规住区至关重要,在这些住区中,多种形式的脆弱性并存。然而,政策和官方计划很少对居住在这些住区的公民和地方领导人的需求和期望做出回应。尽管这些人一直试图以自己的方式降低风险,但我们对他们的活动、动机以及对降低风险的有效影响知之甚少。设计/方法/途径通过在哥伦比亚、古巴和智利开展为期四年的行动研究项目,我们从理论上探讨了当地行动者的变革行为。通过详细的案例研究,我们探讨了 17 位地方领导人的行动主义。通过叙事分析,我们研究了他们的动机和解释。最后,通过记录 22 项举措,我们揭示了空间的有效变化。研究结果面对风险和灾难,非正式环境中的居民和领导者参与到象征性、物理性和社会性的互动空间中。他们的行动以信任、情感、时间周期和行动主义为指导。关于风险和气候变化的叙述与当局和学者的叙述不同,这为地方机构提供了理由。对其起源、局限性和成功的概念化至关重要。实际意义更好地理解自下而上的行动对于为旨在减少非正规环境中的风险的政策和计划提供信息至关重要。利益相关者必须认识到这些行动在政治、社会和文化方面的作用,以便采取更有影响力的气候行动。原创性/价值我们借用西蒙的 "人工制品 "概念,提出了 "减少灾害风险人工制品 "的概念,为自下而上行动的多面性提供了见解。我们还强调了这些行动同时具有的政治性和现象学特征,有助于加深对其起源和影响的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the reconstruction process following a wildland urban interface (WUI) fire in Viña del Mar, Chile 评估智利比尼亚德尔马荒地城市界面(WUI)火灾后的重建过程
IF 1.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1108/dpm-12-2023-0323
Jorge León, María Ignacia Rojas, Soraya Gutiérrez, Randy Román

Purpose

To critically assess the reconstruction process's outcomes four months after a wildfire disaster in Viña del Mar, Chile, comparing the governmental reconstruction plan and the actual rebuilding efforts by the dwellers.

Design/methodology/approach

A geographic information system (GIS)-based analysis to deliver a spatial-based comparison of (1) the cadastre of damaged dwellings; (2) the Ministry of Housing and Urbanism’s (MINVU) reconstruction plan and (3) the actual reconstruction that has been carried out by the dwellers themselves up to November 2023 (as surveyed through fieldwork and drone flights).

Findings

Around 307 dwellings (97.7% of the 314 examined households) had been rebuilt by November 2023, all through the dwellers’ self-reconstruction efforts, except for two houses delivered by MINVU. Around 105 of these dwellings (34.2%) were granted a reconstruction subsidy by MINVU, while 155 (49.4% of the sample of 314 dwellings) were rebuilt without this aid. Also, 47 houses were rebuilt by dwellers in areas deemed “non-rebuildable” due to their high-risk levels.

Originality/value

We use a mixed-methods approach to examine disruptions between planned reconstruction and actual rebuilding processes following a wildfire disaster in areas with significant informality.

目的批判性地评估智利比尼亚德尔马市野火灾害发生四个月后的重建进程成果,比较政府的重建计划和居民的实际重建努力。设计/方法/途径基于地理信息系统(GIS)的分析,对(1)受损住宅的地籍;(2)住房和城市化部(MINVU)的重建计划;(3)截至 2023 年 11 月居民自己开展的实际重建工作(通过实地考察和无人机飞行调查)进行空间比较。调查结果截至 2023 年 11 月,除了两栋由联合国驻阿富汗特派团(MINVU)交付的房屋外,约有 307 栋房屋(占 314 户受访家庭的 97.7%)已经重建,全部由居民自行重建。其中约 105 栋房屋(占 34.2%)获得了联合国住房部的重建补贴,155 栋房屋(占抽样调查的 314 栋房屋的 49.4%)没有获得重建补贴。此外,有 47 栋房屋是由位于因高风险而被视为 "不可重建 "地区的居民重建的。 原创性/价值 我们采用混合方法研究了在非正规性严重的地区发生野火灾害后,计划重建与实际重建过程之间的干扰。
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引用次数: 0
Serious gaming to explore and investigate disaster recovery gaps 通过严肃游戏探索和调查灾后恢复差距
IF 1.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1108/dpm-01-2024-0035
Steven Ashley Forrest, Cecilia De Ita, Kate Smith, Giles Davidson, Patience Ejuma Amen-Thompson

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand the potential of serious gaming as an imaginative and creative method to collect data in disaster studies that address key concerns such as extractive research, power inequalities, and bridging the theory-practice gap in exploring post-disaster recovery.

Design/methodology/approach

Novel serious gaming approach deployed to connect theory-practice by identifying and co-analysing post-disaster recovery gaps in a workshop setting.

Findings

The serious game has value in bridging theory-practice divides, identifying and exploring gaps/solutions in post-flood recovery, and serving as a novel social science research approach for disaster studies.

Practical implications

Outlining a dialogic approach to knowledge construction between academics, practitioners, policymakers and community voices on post-disaster recovery.

Social implications

Fostering collaboration and knowledge construction on post-disaster recovery gaps across stakeholders is valuable in improving disaster resilience strategies that benefit communities affected by disasters.

Originality/value

The paper proposes a creative and co-developed serious game method of data collection for disaster studies.

目的 本研究旨在了解严肃游戏作为一种富有想象力和创造力的方法,在灾害研究中收集数据的潜力,以解决提取性研究、权力不平等以及在探索灾后恢复过程中弥合理论与实践差距等关键问题。设计/方法/途径 采用新颖的严肃游戏方法,通过在工作坊环境中确定和共同分析灾后恢复的差距,将理论与实践联系起来。社会意义 促进利益相关者之间的合作和灾后恢复差距方面的知识建构,对于改进灾害复原战略、造福受灾社区具有重要价值。
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引用次数: 0
A study on co-creation-type reconstruction community planning in village affected by the Great East Japan earthquake 东日本大地震受灾村庄共建型重建社区规划研究
IF 1.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1108/dpm-11-2023-0298
Takayuki Tomobuchi, Osamu Tsukihashi, Kazuki Isomura
<h3>Purpose</h3><p>The purpose of this study is to present the possibilities of co-creation-type reconstruction methods by focusing on examples of reconstruction in communities affected by the 2011 disaster in Japan. This is because the reconstruction of a community is not a matter of supplementing what has been physically lost, but must include social and cultural aspects. We will also conduct research based on the idea that by placing the residents, who are the bearers of the community, in the lead role, we can achieve a recovery that promotes maturity, rather than a recovery that overwrites the community.</p><!--/ Abstract__block --><h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3><p>This research was initially conducted for the purpose of reconstruction assistance, but in the process, the author conducted research using information obtained through material surveys on local history and self-governing activities, interview surveys on pre-disaster life, and participatory observation of reconstruction activities. In order to extract knowledge on co-creative reconstruction methods, the author focused on the actual state of cooperation between residents, experts involved in reconstruction support, and the government, based on past research conducted by the author, and extracted what could be considered co-creation from this.</p><!--/ Abstract__block --><h3>Findings</h3><p>Co-creative reconstruction is defined as a state in which a shared vision for reconstruction is created by each organization involved in the reconstruction process, with the residents at the core, and collaboration is generated beyond the organizational framework in order to achieve the objectives. This case study can be divided into the following three stages: the stage where the local residents start the recovery process, the stage where a vision for recovery is drawn up based on the recovery project organized by the government, and the stage where collaboration beyond the organizational framework is created to achieve the recovery vision.</p><!--/ Abstract__block --><h3>Research limitations/implications</h3><p>Compared to normal urban development, reconstruction projects in disaster-stricken areas are carried out simultaneously in a short period of time. Therefore, in order to capture the details of reconstruction, it is necessary to limit the target area and continue participant observation. However, the limited number of areas to be studied makes it difficult to conduct comparative verification. In addition, the unclear concept of “co-creation” requires the formation of common values through the verification of various case studies. Therefore, it is essential to form an environment in which various case studies can be collected and discussed.</p><!--/ Abstract__block --><h3>Practical implications</h3><p>Many of the research reports on earthquake recovery are extracts on specific themes. As a result, it is difficult to obtain an overall picture of how specific areas are recoverin
本研究的目的是通过关注 2011 年日本受灾社区的重建实例,介绍共同创造型重建方法的可能性。这是因为社区的重建不仅仅是对物质损失的补充,还必须包括社会和文化方面。我们还将基于以下理念开展研究:通过让作为社区承载者的居民发挥主导作用,我们可以实现促进成熟的恢复,而不是覆盖社区的恢复。设计/方法/途径本研究最初是以重建援助为目的开展的,但在此过程中,作者利用通过有关当地历史和自治活动的材料调查、有关灾前生活的访谈调查以及对重建活动的参与式观察获得的信息开展了研究。为了提取有关共同创造性重建方法的知识,作者在以往研究的基础上,重点考察了居民、参与重建支援的专家和政府之间的实际合作状态,并从中提取了可被视为共同创造的内容。研究结果共同创造性重建被定义为:在重建过程中,参与重建的各组织以居民为核心,建立共同的重建愿景,并在组织框架之外为实现目标而产生合作的状态。本案例研究可分为以下三个阶段:当地居民启动重建进程的阶段、以政府组织的重建项目为基础制定重建愿景的阶段,以及为实现重建愿景而超越组织框架开展合作的阶段。因此,为了捕捉重建的细节,有必要限制目标区域并继续进行参与观察。然而,由于研究的地区有限,很难进行对比验证。此外,"共同创造 "的概念不明确,需要通过各种案例研究的验证形成共同的价值观。实践意义许多关于地震灾后恢复的研究报告都是对特定主题的提炼。因此,很难全面了解具体地区的恢复情况。因此,在面对重建问题时,可以作为参考的实例很少,需要对不明确的未来进行探索。因此,本研究通过明确指出问题所在和长期的重建体系,提供了具体的样本信息,具有实用性。有必要探索由居民主导的自下而上的重建可能性,以实现个性化和多样化的重建。本研究提出了在保持居民、专家和政府之间平等关系的同时推进重建的可能性。 原创性/价值首先,本研究以村庄为基本单位,捕捉了震前村庄的实际情况和重建过程中村庄的实际情况。其次,研究记录了该村 10 年的重建过程。根据具体的时间轴,对促进重建的活动、讨论和制度变革进行定位。第三,在地震重建的有限阶段,项目通过缩小目标区域和继续进行高分辨率调查,从全面和多方面的角度提供信息和分析。
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引用次数: 0
Disasters and gender in Japanese anime films: Makoto Shinkai’s Your Name and Weathering with You 日本动漫电影中的灾难与性别:新海诚的《你的名字》和《与你共风雨
IF 1.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1108/dpm-01-2024-0003
Zhizi Li

Purpose

This article focuses on the representations of natural hazards, disasters, gender roles and norms in Makoto Shinkai’s disaster-themed anime films Your Name (2016) and Weathering with You (2019).

Design/methodology/approach

This article commences with a literature review on disasters, disaster films, gender in disasters and gender in disaster films; then, this article thoroughly investigates the portrayal of disasters and gender in the two films, drawing data from their narratives and plots.

Findings

This article finds that the two films’ depictions of disasters and gender adhere to the traditional patterns observed in Hollywood and Japanese disaster films. The natural hazards and disasters in the two films reflect real-world disasters that occurred in Japan’s recent decades, especially the 3.11 Tohoku earthquake in 2011. Traditional gender figures and prevalent heterosexual expectations in Japanese culture and society deeply influence the two films’ portrayal of gender roles and norms.

Originality/value

Numerous academic works explored Hollywood disaster films, their representations of gender roles and norms in disaster themes. However, few focus on recent Japanese anime films such as Your Name and Weathering with You. This article aims to fill this gap.

目的本文主要探讨新海诚的灾难题材动画电影《你的名字》(2016)和《和你一起风化》(2019)中对自然灾害、灾难、性别角色和规范的表现。设计/方法/途径本文首先对灾害、灾害电影、灾害中的性别和灾害电影中的性别进行了文献综述;然后,本文从两部电影的叙事和情节中提取数据,对两部电影中的灾害和性别描写进行了深入研究。研究结果本文发现,两部电影对灾害和性别的描写遵循了好莱坞和日本灾害电影中的传统模式。两部电影中的自然灾害和灾难反映了日本近几十年来发生的真实灾难,尤其是 2011 年的 3.11 东北大地震。日本文化和社会中传统的性别形象和普遍的异性恋期望深深地影响了这两部电影对性别角色和规范的描述。然而,很少有人关注近期的日本动漫电影,如《你的名字》和《与你共风雨》。本文旨在填补这一空白。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental disasters and the elusiveness of prevention 环境灾难和难以预防
IF 1.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1108/dpm-01-2024-0002
Peter Royston Mulvihill

Purpose

Environmental disasters are preventable, but this remains a complicated and elusive prospect. This article discusses factors that combine to limit and undermine environmental disaster prevention efforts and explores directions for improved theory and practice.

Design/methodology/approach

The challenge of integrating root cause analysis of environmental disasters with interventions and preventive measures at later stages of disaster incubation is outlined. The prospect of learning and transferring lessons from past environmental disasters is discussed. Eighteen environmental disaster cases are summarized and analyzed.

Findings

A range of factors, including complexity, lack of lesson transfer, perceived lack of incentives and inaction, limits advances in environmental disaster prevention. Theoretical challenges involve better bridging of root cause and incubation analyses, enhanced understanding of the nature and discipline of foresight and greater documentation of alternative approaches to prevention, including post–normal techniques. Although a transformative breakthrough in environmental disaster prevention is unlikely, substantial progress could be made through better lesson transfer and application of alternative approaches.

Originality/value

This article draws attention to problems and opportunities surrounding the challenge of environmental disaster prevention and proposes directions for improved theory and practice.

目的环境灾难是可以预防的,但这仍然是一个复杂而难以捉摸的前景。本文讨论了限制和破坏环境灾难预防工作的各种因素,并探讨了改进理论和实践的方向。设计/方法/方法概述了将环境灾难的根本原因分析与灾难酝酿后期的干预和预防措施相结合所面临的挑战。讨论了从过去的环境灾难中学习和借鉴经验教训的前景。总结并分析了 18 个环境灾难案例。研究结果 一系列因素,包括复杂性、缺乏经验传授、缺乏激励机制和不作为等,限制了环境灾难预防工作的进展。理论方面的挑战包括更好地衔接根本原因分析和萌芽分析,加强对展望的性质和规律的理解,以及更多关于替代性预防方法(包括正常后技术)的文献。虽然在环境灾害预防方面不可能取得变革性突破,但通过更好地传授经验和应用替代方法,可以取得实质性进展。 原创性/价值 本文提请人们注意围绕环境灾害预防挑战的问题和机遇,并提出了改进理论和实践的方向。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Disaster Prevention and Management
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