Disaster Prevention and Management最新文献_第6页

The reproduction of vulnerability: the incarceration and homelessness transcript for the Disasters: Deconstructed livestream on 31 March 2022 脆弱性的再现:灾难的监禁和无家可归记录:解构2022年3月31日的直播

4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Disaster Prevention and Management

Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1108/dpm-01-2023-0004

Zulema Álvarez, Tristia Bauman, Amite Dominick, Tony Messenger, Carlee Purdam, Jamie Vickery

Purpose This conversation focuses on the reproduction of vulnerability incarceration and homelessness and presents the reflections of scholars, writers, activists and practitioners. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the conversations that took place on Disasters: Deconstructed Podcast livestream on the 31st of March 2022. Findings The prominent themes in this conversation include homelessness, incarceration, stigma and marginalisation. Originality/value The conversation contributes to the ongoing discussions around the reproduction of vulnerability and the importance of understanding its root causes of disaster scholarship, practice and activism.

本次对话的重点是脆弱性、监禁和无家可归的再现，并提出了学者、作家、活动家和实践者的思考。设计/方法/方法本文基于灾难:解构播客直播在2022年3月31日发生的对话。这次对话的突出主题包括无家可归、监禁、耻辱和边缘化。对话有助于围绕脆弱性的再现以及理解其根源的重要性的持续讨论，这些根源是灾难学术、实践和行动主义的根源。

引用次数: 0

Clashes of cultures during crises: coordinating firefighter, police and paramedic interactions 危机期间的文化冲突:协调消防员、警察和护理人员的互动

IF 1.9 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Disaster Prevention and Management

Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.1108/dpm-09-2021-0273

James R. Van Scotter,Karen Moustafa Leonard

Purpose The purpose is to expand our understanding of different organizational group interactions in crises and extend the Competing Values Framework of organizational culture into three first responder groups – firefighters, police and emergency medical technicians. Because unique organizational culture is a critical element in the success or failure of any organization, when organizations combine during crisis, failure often results. The authors examined the cultures of first responders in a crisis to determine whether differences in cultural type might explain some failures. Design/methodology/approach Using the Competing Values Framework for organizational culture, the authors examined literature on the three first responder cultures. The literature is available on the failure of these organizations to work together in crisis, but little on the deep organizational reasons for these failures. Findings In view of the different challenges each profession faces and ways they organize to address those challenges, self-directed coordination of these three distinct groups may be optimal, rather than an overall system of command and control. This can be visualized when the authors examine the three cultures using the Competing Values Framework. The authors discuss specific reasons for problems in crisis coordination and give suggestions on coping with three or more different cultures. Research limitations/implications This is a literature review and conceptual paper. A meta-analysis of incidences would be helpful. Practical implications When disparate organizations work together, culture may interfere with cooperation and coordination. Taking organizational culture into account will enable operations with less friction. In this paper, the authors explain why. Social implications Lack of cooperation and coordination among firefighters, police and EMTs could create loss of life or property. Understanding potential cultural differences will help the disparate groups work together better. Originality/value The authors examine organizational culture differences in detail as a reason for the failures of coordination of first responders in crisis. In addition, the authors extend the Competing Values Framework to these essential groups of first responders. The authors are the first to propose a taxonomy of culture for these three groups, based on the Competing Values Framework.

目的是扩大我们对危机中不同组织群体互动的理解，并将组织文化的竞争价值框架扩展到三个第一响应者群体——消防员、警察和紧急医疗技术人员。因为独特的组织文化是任何组织成败的关键因素，当组织在危机期间合并时，往往会导致失败。作者研究了危机中第一反应者的文化，以确定文化类型的差异是否可以解释一些失败。使用组织文化的竞争价值框架，作者检查了关于三种第一响应者文化的文献。关于这些组织在危机中未能通力合作的文献已有，但关于这些失败的深层次组织原因的文献却很少。鉴于每个职业面临的不同挑战以及他们组织应对这些挑战的方式，这三个不同群体的自我指导协调可能是最佳的，而不是一个整体的指挥和控制系统。当作者使用竞争价值观框架考察这三种文化时，这一点可以可视化。作者讨论了危机协调中出现问题的具体原因，并提出了应对三种或多种不同文化的建议。这是一篇文献综述和概念性论文。对发病率进行荟萃分析会有所帮助。当不同的组织一起工作时，文化可能会干扰合作和协调。将组织文化纳入考虑范围，可以减少运营中的摩擦。在这篇论文中，作者解释了原因。社会影响消防员、警察和急救人员之间缺乏合作和协调可能会造成生命或财产损失。了解潜在的文化差异将有助于不同的团队更好地合作。原创性/价值作者详细研究了组织文化差异作为危机中第一响应者协调失败的原因。此外，作者将竞争价值框架扩展到这些基本的第一响应者群体。作者是第一个基于竞争价值框架为这三个群体提出文化分类的人。

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引用次数: 0

Towards SINEUP-based therapeutics: Design of an in vitro synthesized SINEUP RNA. 迈向基于 SINEUP 的疗法：设计体外合成的 SINEUP RNA。

IF 6.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Disaster Prevention and Management

Pub Date : 2022-02-02 eCollection Date: 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.01.021

Paola Valentini, Bianca Pierattini, Elsa Zacco, Damiano Mangoni, Stefano Espinoza, Natalie A Webster, Byron Andrews, Piero Carninci, Gian Gaetano Tartaglia, Luca Pandolfini, Stefano Gustincich

SINEUPs are a novel class of natural and synthetic non-coding antisense RNA molecules able to increase the translation of a target mRNA. They present a modular organization comprising an unstructured antisense target-specific domain, which sets the specificity of each individual SINEUP, and a structured effector domain, which is responsible for the translation enhancement. In order to design a fully functional in vitro transcribed SINEUP for therapeutics applications, SINEUP RNAs were synthesized in vitro with a variety of chemical modifications and screened for their activity on endogenous target mRNA upon transfection. Three combinations of modified ribonucleotides-2'O methyl-ATP (Am), N6 methyl-ATP (m6A), and pseudo-UTP (ψ)-conferred SINEUP activity to naked RNA. The best combination tested in this study was fully modified with m6A and ψ. Aside from functionality, this combination conferred improved stability upon transfection and higher thermal stability. Common structural determinants of activity were identified by circular dichroisms, defining a core functional structure that is achieved with different combinations of modifications.

SINEUPs 是一类新型的天然和合成非编码反义 RNA 分子，能够增强目标 mRNA 的翻译。它们具有模块化的组织结构，包括一个非结构化的反义目标特异性结构域和一个结构化的效应结构域，前者设定了每个 SINEUP 的特异性，后者则负责翻译增强。为了设计出用于治疗的全功能体外转录 SINEUP，我们在体外合成了经过多种化学修饰的 SINEUP RNA，并筛选了它们在转染后对内源性靶 mRNA 的活性。三种修饰核糖核苷酸组合--2'O 甲基-ATP（Am）、N6 甲基-ATP（m6A）和假-UTP（ψ）--赋予裸 RNA SINEUP 活性。本研究中测试的最佳组合是经 m6A 和 ψ 完全修饰的组合。除功能性外，这种组合还提高了转染时的稳定性和热稳定性。通过圆二色性分析确定了活性的共同结构决定因素，定义了不同修饰组合可实现的核心功能结构。

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引用次数: 0

Bridging the divide: understanding collaborative action in disability-inclusive disaster risk reduction through socio-cultural activity theory 弥合鸿沟:通过社会文化活动理论理解包容残疾的减少灾害风险的合作行动

IF 1.9 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Disaster Prevention and Management

Pub Date : 2022-01-19 DOI: 10.1108/dpm-04-2021-0119

Pradytia P. Pertiwi

PurposeThis paper presents a methodological reflection on the use of socio-cultural activity theory (SCAT) as a framework to understand collaborative action and problem-solving between people with disabilities and non-disabled stakeholders in three disaster risk reduction (DRR) initiatives led by Disabled People's Organisations (DPOs) in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on case study research, using a multiple case design. It looks at the conception and implementation of three DPO-led DRR projects in Indonesia. It focuses hereby on the processes and outcomes of collaborations between DPOs and non-disabled stakeholders. It presents a reflection as to what extent the six elements of SCAT were present.FindingsThe investigation of SCAT's six elements captured the co-construction of DPO-led DRR projects and constant changes and transformation in implementation. The findings reveal the dynamics of the collaboration between DPOs and non-disabled stakeholders (e.g. funding donors, DRR experts, government and community groups) and its outcomes and learning points.Practical implicationsSCAT can provide a better understanding of collaborative learning processes and associated outcomes between DPOs and DRR actors. Such collaborations facilitate the timely and relevant inclusion of people with disabilities in DRR initiatives through DPOs' leadership in DRR. Furthermore, such initiatives can promote the realisation of the disability-inclusion principle of the Sendai Framework for DRR, which is underpinned by the all-of-society approach to DRR.Originality/valueThis paper presents a reflection on the use of SCAT in inclusive disaster studies, thereby enabling further investigation and understanding of how the collaboration between disabled and non-disabled stakeholders occurs, and its implication. This is a topic that has been rarely tackled in the disability and disaster studies literature and practice.

本文提出了一种方法上的反思，即使用社会文化活动理论(SCAT)作为框架，以理解由印度尼西亚残疾人组织(DPOs)领导的三项减少灾害风险(DRR)倡议中残疾人和非残疾人利益相关者之间的合作行动和解决问题。设计/方法/方法本文以案例研究为基础，采用多案例设计。报告考察了印尼由发展干事主导的三个减少灾害风险项目的构想和实施情况。因此，它侧重于dpo与非残疾利益攸关方之间合作的过程和结果。它反映了SCAT的六个要素存在的程度。对SCAT的六个要素的调查捕捉到了dpo主导的减灾项目的共同建设以及实施过程中的不断变化和转型。调查结果揭示了dpo与非残疾利益攸关方(如资助方、DRR专家、政府和社区团体)之间的合作动态及其成果和学习要点。scat可以更好地理解dpo和DRR行动者之间的协作学习过程和相关结果。这样的合作通过dpo在DRR方面的领导，促进了残疾人及时和相关地纳入DRR倡议。此外，这些举措可以促进仙台DRR框架中残疾人包容原则的实现，该框架以全社会的DRR方法为基础。原创性/价值本文对SCAT在包容性灾害研究中的应用进行了反思，从而能够进一步调查和理解残疾人和非残疾人利益相关者之间的合作是如何发生的，及其含义。这是一个在残疾和灾难研究文献和实践中很少涉及的话题。

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引用次数: 0

When disaster management agencies create disaster risk: a case study of the US's Federal Emergency Management Agency. 当灾害管理机构制造灾害风险时：美国联邦紧急事务管理局案例研究。

IF 1.9 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Disaster Prevention and Management

Pub Date : 2021-10-25 Epub Date: 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.1108/DPM-03-2021-0067

Aaron Clark-Ginsberg, Lena C Easton-Calabria, Sonny S Patel, Jay Balagna, Leslie A Payne

Purpose: Disaster management agencies are mandated to reduce risk for the populations that they serve. Yet, inequities in how they function may result in their activities creating disaster risk, particularly for already vulnerable and marginalized populations. In this article, how disaster management agencies create disaster risk for vulnerable and marginalized groups is examined, seeking to show the ways existing policies affect communities, and provide recommendations on policy and future research.

Design/methodology/approach: The authors undertook a systematic review of the US disaster management agency, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), examining its programs through a lens of equity to understand how they shape disaster risk.

Findings: Despite a growing commitment to equity within FEMA, procedural, distributive, and contextual inequities result in interventions that perpetuate and amplify disaster risk for vulnerable and marginalized populations. Some of these inequities could be remediated by shifting toward a more bottom-up approach to disaster management, such as community-based disaster risk reduction approaches.

Practical implications: Disaster management agencies and other organizations can use the results of this study to better understand how to devise interventions in ways that limit risk creation for vulnerable populations, including through community-based approaches.

Originality/value: This study is the first to examine disaster risk creation from an organizational perspective, and the first to focus explicitly on how disaster management agencies can shape risk creation. This helps understand the linkages between disaster risk creation, equity and organizations.

目的：灾害管理机构的任务是降低其服务对象的风险。然而，其运作方式的不公平可能导致其活动产生灾害风险，尤其是对已经处于弱势和边缘化的人群而言。本文探讨了灾害管理机构如何为弱势群体和边缘化群体制造灾害风险，试图说明现行政策如何影响社区，并就政策和未来研究提出建议：作者对美国灾害管理机构--联邦紧急事务管理局（FEMA）进行了系统性审查，从公平的角度审视其各项计划，以了解这些计划是如何形成灾害风险的：尽管联邦紧急事务管理局越来越致力于实现公平，但程序上、分配上和环境上的不公平导致干预措施长期存在并扩大了弱势和边缘人群的灾害风险。其中一些不公平现象可以通过转向更加自下而上的灾害管理方法（如基于社区的减少灾害风险方法）来纠正：实践意义：灾害管理机构和其他组织可以利用本研究的结果，更好地了解如何制定干预措施，包括通过基于社区的方法，限制为弱势群体带来的风险：本研究首次从组织角度研究了灾害风险的产生，也是首次明确关注灾害管理机构如何影响风险产生的研究。这有助于理解灾害风险的产生、公平和组织之间的联系。

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引用次数: 0

Ethical considerations of disaster research in conflict-affected areas 受冲突影响地区灾害研究的伦理考虑

IF 1.9 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Disaster Prevention and Management

Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.1108/DPM-03-2021-0075

R. Mena, D. Hilhorst

Debates on the ethics of disaster and humanitarian studies concern unequal relations in research (among research institutes/researchers/stakeholders); the physical and psychological well-being of research participants and researchers; and the imposition of western methods, frameworks and epistemologies to the study of disasters. This paper focuses on everyday ethics: how they need to be translated throughout the everyday practices of research and how researchers can deal with the ethical dilemmas that inevitably occur.,This paper analyses the process of addressing ethics-related dilemmas from the first author's experiences researching disaster governance in high-intensity conflict settings, in particular drawing from 4 to 6 months of fieldwork in South Sudan and Afghanistan. In addition, ethical issues around remote research are discussed, drawing on the example of research conducted in Yemen. It is based on the personal notes taken by the first author and on the experience of both authors translating guidelines for research in remote and hazardous areas into research practices.,The paper concerns translating ethics into the everyday practices of research planning, implementation and communication. It argues for the importance of adaptive research processes with space for continuous reflection in order to advance disaster studies based on (1) equitable collaboration; (2) participatory methodologies wherever possible; (3) safety and security for all involved; (4) ethical approaches of remote research and (5) responsible and inclusive research communication and research-uptake. Openness about gaps and limitations of ethical standards, discussions with peers about dilemmas and reporting on these in research outcomes should be embedded in everyday ethics.,The paper contributes to discussions on everyday ethics, where ethics are integral to the epistemologies and everyday practices of research.

关于灾难和人道主义研究伦理的辩论涉及研究中的不平等关系(研究机构/研究人员/利益相关者之间);研究参与者和研究人员的身心健康;将西方的方法，框架和认识论强加到灾难研究中。本文的重点是日常伦理学:它们如何需要在整个研究的日常实践中被翻译，以及研究人员如何处理不可避免地发生的伦理困境。本文根据第一作者在高强度冲突环境中研究灾害治理的经验，特别是在南苏丹和阿富汗进行的4至6个月的实地工作，分析了解决伦理相关困境的过程。此外，还以也门的研究为例，讨论了远程研究的伦理问题。它以第一作者的个人笔记和两位作者将偏远和危险地区的研究指南转化为研究实践的经验为基础。本文关注将伦理学转化为研究计划、实施和交流的日常实践。它论证了具有持续反思空间的适应性研究过程的重要性，以便在以下基础上推进灾害研究:(1)公平合作;(2)尽可能采用参与式方法;(三)有关人员的安全保障;(4)远程研究的伦理途径;(5)负责任和包容的研究交流和研究吸收。对伦理标准的差距和局限性持开放态度，与同行讨论困境，并在研究成果中报告这些问题，这些都应该嵌入日常伦理中。本文有助于讨论日常伦理学，其中伦理学是认识论和日常研究实践的组成部分。

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引用次数: 5

Graduate certificate in local development planning, land use management and disaster risk management: a knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) evaluation 本地发展规划、土地使用管理和灾害风险管理研究生证书:知识、态度和实践(KAP)评估

IF 1.9 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Disaster Prevention and Management

Pub Date : 2021-06-16 DOI: 10.1108/DPM-02-2021-0034

J. Sarmiento, Catalina Sarmiento, Gabriela Hoberman, Meenakshi Chabba

PurposeThis study aims to assess knowledge retention of the graduates of the online graduate certificate on local development planning, land use management and disaster risk management (PDLOTGR, the abbreviation of the certificate's Spanish title). The certificate was offered to practitioners and faculty members of Latin American countries since 2016.Design/methodology/approachThe authors reviewed the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) method to develop a specific approach, which included the preparation of a KAP survey, a composite KAP index and three sub-indices. The survey targeted two groups: (1) experimental group, composed of the certificate's 76 graduates, and (2) control group, comprised of 25 certificate's candidates, who had not yet undergone the training/intervention. The statistical analysis included a one-way multivariate analysis of variance to compare the mean scores on the KAP index and sub-indices for individuals in the experimental and control groups.FindingsThe study results showed significant differences in the knowledge sub-index between those who had completed the PDLOTGR training and those who had not, while the attitudes and practices sub-indices did not show significant differences. When using the KAP index, a statistically significant difference was also observed between the two groups.Originality/valuePerceived knowledge assessment offers an acceptable and non-intimidating option for evaluating continuing education and professional development programs associated to disaster risk. It is particularly helpful in determining whether an intervention or program has a lasting impact. It is not, however, a substitute for direct knowledge assessment, and the use of other methods to evaluate the performance of a capacity building program's graduates.

目的本研究旨在评估在线研究生证书（PDLOTGR，证书西班牙语名称的缩写）毕业生对当地发展规划、土地利用管理和灾害风险管理的知识保留情况。该证书自2016年起提供给拉丁美洲国家的从业者和教员。设计/方法/方法作者回顾了知识、态度和实践（KAP）方法，以制定一种具体的方法，其中包括准备一项KAP调查、一项综合KAP指数和三个子指数。该调查针对两组：（1）实验组，由76名证书毕业生组成，（2）对照组，由25名证书候选人组成，他们尚未接受培训/干预。统计分析包括单向多变量方差分析，以比较实验组和对照组个体的KAP指数和子指数的平均得分。研究结果显示，完成PDLOTGR培训的人和未完成PDLOTGR-培训的人在知识子指数上存在显著差异，而态度和实践子指数没有显示出显著差异。当使用KAP指数时，两组之间也观察到统计学上的显著差异。原创性/价值感知知识评估为评估与灾害风险相关的继续教育和专业发展计划提供了一个可接受且不具威胁性的选择。它特别有助于确定干预或计划是否具有持久影响。然而，它不能代替直接的知识评估，也不能代替使用其他方法来评估能力建设项目毕业生的表现。

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引用次数: 2

Participatory child-centered disaster risk reduction education: an innovative Chinese NGO program 以儿童为中心的参与式减少灾害风险教育：一个创新的中国非政府组织项目

IF 1.9 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Disaster Prevention and Management

Pub Date : 2021-06-11 DOI: 10.1108/DPM-03-2020-0066

Yi Lu, Lai Wei, Binxin Cao, Jianqiang Li

PurposeDisaster risk reduction (DRR) researchers and practitioners have found that schools can play a critical role in DRR education, with many Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) developing initiatives to actively involve children in DRR education programs. This paper reports on a case study on an innovative Chinese NGO school-based program focused on participatory child-centered DRR (PCC-DRR) education, from which a PCC-DRR education framework was developed so that similar programs could be replicated, especially in developing countries.Design/methodology/approachAfter nearly a year of research involving follow-up interviews, fieldwork and secondary data collection from annual reports, news reports and official websites, a case study was conducted on the PCC-DRR education program developed by the One Foundation (OF), a resource-rich NGO in China, that focused on its education strategies and project practice in Ya'an following the 2013 Lushan earthquake.FindingsBased on constructivist theory, the OF developed a PCC-DRR education program that had four specific branches: teacher capacity building, child DRR education, campus risk management and campus safety culture, which was then implemented in 115 schools and consequently evaluated as being highly effective.Originality/valueThe innovative OF PCC-DRR education program adds to theoretical and practical DRR education research as a “best practice” case. Because the proposed framework is child-centered, participatory and collaborative, it provides excellent guidance and reference for countries seeking to develop school-based DRR education programs.

目的减少灾害风险(DRR)研究人员和实践者发现，学校可以在减灾教育中发挥关键作用，许多非政府组织(ngo)制定了倡议，积极让儿童参与减灾教育项目。本文报告了一个创新的中国非政府组织基于学校的项目的案例研究，该项目专注于参与式以儿童为中心的DRR教育(cpc -DRR)，并以此为基础开发了一个cpc -DRR教育框架，以便类似的项目可以复制，特别是在发展中国家。经过近一年的跟踪访谈、实地调研、年报、新闻报道、官方网站等二手资料收集等研究，本研究以中国资源丰富的非政府组织壹基金(壹基金)在2013年芦山地震后，在雅安开展的中国公益教育策略与项目实践为研究对象。基于建构主义理论，哈佛大学制定了一项PCC-DRR教育计划，该计划包括四个具体分支:教师能力建设、儿童DRR教育、校园风险管理和校园安全文化，该计划随后在115所学校实施，结果被评估为非常有效。创新的PCC-DRR教育项目为DRR教育的理论和实践研究增添了“最佳实践”案例。由于拟议的框架以儿童为中心，具有参与性和合作性，因此为寻求制定以学校为基础的减少灾害风险教育计划的国家提供了极好的指导和参考。

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引用次数: 5

Stop going around in circles: towards a reconceptualisation of disaster risk management phases 停止兜圈子:重新定义灾害风险管理阶段

IF 1.9 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Disaster Prevention and Management

Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1108/DPM-03-2021-0071

L. Bosher, Ksenia Chmutina, D. van Niekerk

PurposeThe way that disasters are managed, or indeed mis-managed, is often represented diagrammatically as a “disaster cycle”. The cyclical aspects of the disaster (risk) management concept, comprised of numerous operational phases, have, in recent years, been criticised for conceptualising and representing disasters in an overly simplistic way that typically starts with a disaster “event” – and subsequently leads onto yet another disaster. Such cyclical thinking has been proven to not be very useful for the complexities associated with understanding disasters and their risks. This paper aims to present an alternative conceptualisation of the Disaster Risk Management phases, in a way that can better factor in the underlying root causes that create differential levels of vulnerability.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper developed, through a review of the literature and discussions between the authors, as a counterpoint to the pervasive “disaster cycle”.FindingsThe “Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Helix” is presented as an alternative way of conceptualising the DRM phases. The helictical conceptualisation of DRM phases presented in this paper is intentionally presented to start a discussion (rather than as an end point) on how best to move away from the constraints of the “disaster cycle”.Originality/valueIt is envisaged that the helictical conceptualisation of DRM can be suitably malleable to include important factors such as temporal considerations and the underlying root causes that create differential levels of vulnerability. It is, thus, the intention that the DRM Helix can provide a catalyst for exciting discussions and future adaptations of the diagram that can better capture the dynamic (non-cyclical) nature of disasters and their root causes.

目的管理灾害的方式，或者说管理不当的方式，通常用图表的形式表示为“灾害周期”。灾害（风险）管理概念的周期性方面由许多操作阶段组成，近年来，人们批评其以过于简单的方式对灾害进行概念化和表示，通常从灾害“事件”开始，然后导致另一场灾难。事实证明，这种周期性思维对理解灾害及其风险的复杂性没有太大用处。本文旨在提出灾害风险管理阶段的另一种概念，以更好地考虑造成不同脆弱程度的根本原因。设计/方法论/方法这是一篇概念性论文，通过对文献的回顾和作者之间的讨论，与普遍存在的“灾难周期”形成对比。发现“灾害风险管理（DRM）螺旋”是一种概念化DRM阶段的替代方式。本文中提出的DRM阶段的螺旋概念是为了开始讨论（而不是作为终点）如何最好地摆脱“灾难周期”的限制。独创性/价值据设想，DRM的螺旋概念可以适当地延展，以包括重要因素，如时间因素和造成不同脆弱程度的根本原因。因此，DRM Helix可以为令人兴奋的讨论和未来的图表调整提供催化剂，从而更好地捕捉灾害的动态（非周期性）性质及其根本原因。

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引用次数: 22

Emotional and behavioural responses to the 19 September 2017 earthquake: the case of the occupants of three multi-storey buildings 对2017年9月19日地震的情绪和行为反应:以三座多层建筑的居住者为例

IF 1.9 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Disaster Prevention and Management

Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1108/DPM-09-2020-0280

J. Santos-Reyes, T. Gouzeva

PurposeStudies on human behaviour during a seismic emergency in tall buildings are scant. During such emergencies, occupants need to reach a safe place. The purpose of this paper is to address some of the emotional and behavioural responses of the occupants of three multi-storey buildings during the 19 September earthquake that hit Mexico City in 2017.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional and non-probability study was conducted using a questionnaire-based survey; the sample size was n = 352, and the study was conducted from 4 October to 20 November 2017.Findings(1) In the 11 storey-building, women, age (18–49 years old [yo]) and participants with higher education exhibited flight behaviour, and those of the six storey-building within the age category 18–49 yo also exhibited a similar behaviour; (2) Women and age (18–49 yo) in the six and 11-storey buildings were significantly associated with fear of the earthquake; (3) Women were significantly more fearful and felt more intense the tremors than men in the 11-storey building; (4) Women were significantly more fearful of the 11-storey building collapsing; (5) The taller the building, the more fearful were the occupants of the building collapsing.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the sample considered in the study was no probability; consequently, the results should not be generalised to the existing high-rising buildings in Mexico City. Second, some of the variables considered herein were of the Likert-type scale but have been assumed as continuous; in fact, some future work could be the design of a valid and reliable questionnaire to address human behaviour during earthquakes in tall buildings.Practical implicationsThe presented results may be the great value to key decision-makers on how to address the lack of earthquake preparedness during a seismic emergency. Further, the results have shed light on the negative emotions (fear) experienced by the occupants of tall buildings.Social implicationsGaining a better understanding of human behavioural in tall buildings is essential in devising measures to mitigate the impact of earthquake disasters.Originality/valueResearch on human behaviour during a seismic emergency in high-rise buildings is scant. To gain a better understanding of human emotional and behavioural response to earthquakes in tall buildings, it becomes necessary to conduct research such as the present case study. This may help decision-makers to devise measures so that the impact of earthquake disasters may be limited.

目的对高层建筑在地震紧急情况下人类行为的研究很少。在这种紧急情况下，居住者需要到达一个安全的地方。本文的目的是解决2017年9月19日袭击墨西哥城的地震中三座多层建筑的居住者的一些情绪和行为反应。设计/方法/方法采用基于问卷的调查进行了横断面和非概率研究;研究时间为2017年10月4日至11月20日，样本量为n = 352。研究发现(1)在11层楼中，年龄(18-49岁)和受教育程度较高的女性表现出逃跑行为，而在6层楼中，年龄在18-49岁的女性也表现出类似的行为;(2) 6层和11层建筑中的女性和年龄(18-49岁)与地震恐惧显著相关;(3)在11层的建筑物中，女性比男性更害怕，感受到的震动更强烈;(4)女性对11层建筑倒塌的恐惧程度显著高于男性;楼越高，楼里的人就越害怕倒塌。研究局限性/启示首先，研究中考虑的样本是无概率的;因此，研究结果不应推广到墨西哥城现有的高层建筑。其次，本文考虑的一些变量属于李克特量表，但被假设为连续的;事实上，未来的一些工作可能是设计一份有效可靠的问卷，以解决高层建筑地震时人类的行为。实际意义提出的结果可能对关键决策者在地震紧急情况下如何解决缺乏地震准备的问题具有重要价值。此外，研究结果还揭示了高层建筑居住者所经历的负面情绪(恐惧)。社会影响更好地了解人类在高层建筑中的行为对于制定减轻地震灾害影响的措施至关重要。独创性/价值关于高层建筑在地震紧急情况下的人类行为的研究很少。为了更好地了解人类对高层建筑中地震的情绪和行为反应，有必要进行像本案例研究这样的研究。这可能有助于决策者制定措施，从而限制地震灾害的影响。

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引用次数: 2