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Transculturality, Anti‐Asian Racism and Student Mobility: A Case Study of Chinese International Student Experiences during the COVID‐19 Pandemic1 跨文化、反亚洲种族主义与学生流动:新冠肺炎疫情期间中国留学生经历的个案研究
4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1111/soin.12577
Min‐Jung Kwak, Eugena Kwon, Lucia Lo, Gowoon Jung
The breakout and spread of the SARS‐COV‐2/COVID‐19 virus in early 2020 caused a drastic increase in blatant racism and microaggressions against Asians/people of Asian descent. The rise of anti‐Asian racism can be viewed as a repeat of a century‐long narrative of Yellow Peril against Asian newcomers in western societies. While some reports/studies explained the phenomenon with the hegemony of race relations, it is imperative to examine the experiences of anti‐Asian racism in the context of the fast‐changing geopolitical economy and transcultural relations. Using the conceptual frameworks of Intellectual Migration and transculturalism, this study examines how the rise of anti‐Asian racism during the COVID‐19 pandemic affected Chinese international students in Nova Scotia and if their experience of racialization was critical enough to change their post‐graduation plan of staying in Canada or not. In order to provide an overview of international student experiences in Nova Scotia and to assess the significance of ethnicity and racism as factors in student mobility, we analyzed the data from two research projects. First, survey and individual interview data from the IM (Intellectual Migration) Halifax project provided detailed insights on Chinese international students' study and living experiences during the pandemic and their post‐graduation plans. Second, survey and focus group data from the NSIS (Nova Scotia International Students) project allowed a comparison of pandemic experiences between Chinese and other international students in the province of Nova Scotia. This case study aimed to examine the experiences of racialization among Chinese international students in Nova Scotia and assess the extent to which their post‐graduation mobility is shaped by racialization.
2020年初SARS - COV - 2/COVID - 19病毒的爆发和传播导致针对亚洲人/亚洲人后裔的公然种族主义和微侵犯急剧增加。反亚洲种族主义的兴起可以被视为西方社会针对亚洲新移民长达一个世纪的黄祸叙事的重演。虽然一些报告/研究用种族关系的霸权来解释这一现象,但在快速变化的地缘政治经济和跨文化关系的背景下,审视反亚洲种族主义的经历是必要的。本研究使用知识移民和跨文化主义的概念框架,研究了新冠疫情期间反亚洲种族主义的兴起如何影响新斯科舍省的中国留学生,以及他们的种族化经历是否足以改变他们毕业后留在加拿大的计划。为了提供新斯科舍省国际学生经历的概述,并评估种族和种族主义作为学生流动因素的重要性,我们分析了两个研究项目的数据。首先,来自哈利法克斯智力移民项目的调查和个人访谈数据,详细了解了疫情期间中国留学生的学习和生活经历以及他们毕业后的计划。其次,来自新斯科舍省国际学生项目的调查和焦点小组数据,可以比较新斯科舍省中国和其他国际学生的疫情经历。本案例研究旨在考察新斯科舍省中国留学生的种族化经历,并评估种族化在多大程度上影响了他们毕业后的流动性。
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引用次数: 0
The Deviance and Relationship between Locus of Control, Control Ratio, and Self‐Control 控制点、控制率与自我控制的偏差及其关系
4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/soin.12571
Matan Markovizky, Yoel Shafran
The purpose of the current study is to examine the widely used term controllability through analysis of three important factors, based on three known theories of delinquency: The first factor, the control ratio , is the relationship between people's perception of their control over their environment and their perception of the environment's control over them (Tittle, Control Balance: Toward a General Theory of Deviance , Westview, 1995; Tittle, Theor. Criminol. , 8 , 2004, 395; Tittle, Recent Developments in Criminological Theory , Routledge, 2017). The second factor, locus of control , differentiates between people who think they control their own lives and those who feel that their lives control them (Rotter, Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80 (1, Whole No. 609), 1966). Finally, the third factor, self‐control , relates to people's ability to direct their behavior (Gottfredson & Hirschi, A general Theory of Crime , Stanford University, 1990). Five research hypotheses were examined: (1) the higher the internal locus of control, the lower the external locus of control – fate and others; (2) the higher the self‐control, the higher the internal locus of control/control ratio; (3) the greater the lack of control (i.e., the lower the control ratio), the greater the external locus of control; (4) the lower the self‐control, the higher the external locus of control/lack of control; (5) the higher the control ratio, the higher the internal locus of control. Questionnaires were completed by 215 undergraduate students from four different faculties from the same university, 53 males and 58 females studying psychology or social work (i.e., therapy‐oriented disciplines), 58 males and 46 females studying economics or law (i.e., non‐therapy‐oriented disciplines). The findings of the study reinforced all five hypotheses, thereby providing an additional layer of infrastructure for conducting the important mapping of various factors that are part of controll a bility . The results also enabled ties and connections to be made between these and additional factors, on the road to understanding, coping with and intervening in a range of human activities in general, and deviant behavior specifically.
本研究的目的是在三种已知的犯罪理论的基础上,通过分析三个重要因素来检验被广泛使用的术语可控性:第一个因素,控制比率,是人们对他们对环境的控制的感知与他们对环境对他们的控制的感知之间的关系(Tittle, control Balance: towards a General Theory of Deviance, Westview, 1995;名字,定理。Criminol。, 8, 2004, 395;Tittle,犯罪学理论的最新发展,Routledge, 2017)。第二个因素,控制点,区分了那些认为自己控制自己生活的人和那些觉得生活控制自己的人(Rotter,内部与外部强化控制的广义期望)。心理学专论,80(1),全集609号,1966)。最后,第三个因素,自我控制,与人们指导自己行为的能力有关(Gottfredson &Hirschi:《犯罪通论》,斯坦福大学,1990年。检验了五个研究假设:(1)内部控制点越高,外部控制点-命运和其他越低;(2)自我控制水平越高,内部控制源/控制比越高;(3)控制缺失越大(即控制比越低),外部控制点越大;(4)自我控制水平越低,外部控制源/控制缺失越高;(5)控制比越高,内部控制位点越高。问卷调查由来自同一所大学四个不同学院的215名本科生完成,其中53名男性和58名女性学习心理学或社会工作(即治疗导向学科),58名男性和46名女性学习经济学或法学(即非治疗导向学科)。该研究的发现强化了所有五个假设,从而为进行作为控制能力一部分的各种因素的重要映射提供了额外的基础设施层。研究结果还使这些因素与其他因素之间建立了联系和联系,从而在理解、应对和干预一系列人类活动的道路上,特别是在异常行为方面。
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引用次数: 0
Dissecting Anti‐Asian Racism Through a Historical and Transnational AsianCrit Lens 从历史和跨国亚洲视角剖析反亚洲种族主义
4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1111/soin.12572
Min Yu, Roland Sintos Coloma, Wenyang Sun, Jungmin Kwon
The primary focus of this paper is twofold: to demarcate the epistemic erasure of societal knowledge and narratives of Asian Americans as braided with other forms of anti‐Asian racism by tracing its historical roots in orientalism, colonialism, and imperialism; and to redress such erasure by foregrounding transnational perspectives and Asian American Critical Race Theory (AsianCrit). By attending to historical and ongoing experiences of migration and racialization, this paper highlights the transculturality of Asian American histories, epistemologies, and communities, along with the multi‐stranded connections that they share with diasporic Asians in other countries. It expands the dominant framing of racialized minorities in the United States that indexes and limits their experiences within the geopolitical boundaries of the nation‐state. By situating Asian Americans within critical historical and transnational contexts, this paper generates a fuller and more complex understanding of the past and present conditions of Asian Americans and anti‐Asian racism. It also deliberately highlights the agency of Asian American youth and their strategies in contesting anti‐Asian racism in schools and society at large. By amplifying Asian American youth voices and agency, this paper not only affirms their wealth of transnational funds of knowledge but also offers crucial interventions challenging the curricular violence that continues to marginalize and misrepresent Asian Americans.
本文的主要焦点是双重的:通过追溯其在东方主义、殖民主义和帝国主义中的历史根源,将亚裔美国人的社会知识和叙事的认知抹去与其他形式的反亚洲种族主义编织在一起;并通过跨国视角和亚裔美国人批判种族理论(AsianCrit)来纠正这种抹去。通过关注移民和种族化的历史和正在进行的经验,本文强调了亚裔美国人的历史、认识论和社区的跨文化性,以及他们与其他国家的流散亚洲人共享的多链联系。它扩大了美国种族化少数民族的主导框架,将他们的经历纳入民族国家的地缘政治边界。通过将亚裔美国人置于关键的历史和跨国背景中,本文对亚裔美国人和反亚裔种族主义的过去和现在的状况有了更全面和更复杂的理解。它还特意突出了亚裔美国青年的作用,以及他们在学校和整个社会中反对反亚裔种族主义的策略。通过放大亚裔美国青年的声音和能动性,本文不仅肯定了他们的跨国知识财富,而且提供了关键的干预措施,挑战继续边缘化和歪曲亚裔美国人的课程暴力。
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引用次数: 0
Migrant Worker's Social Networks and Collective Behavioral Willingness—A Whole Network Analysis 农民工社会网络与集体行为意愿——全网络分析
4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1111/soin.12570
Meng Cai, Suxia Li, Nan Zhang, Haifeng Du, Wei Wang
Migrant workers' social networks are an important source of social support in their collective behavior. This study adopts the whole network method and proposes a measure of accumulated social capital in social networks, which makes up for the insufficiency of direct social capital. It compares the heterogeneous effects of formal and informal networks and accumulated and direct social capital on migrant workers' collective behavioral willingness and dissects their interaction mechanism. The results indicate that informal networks are more conducive to collective behavioral willingness. The formal network is the regulator of the informal network, which can strengthen the effect of the informal network on migrant workers' collective behavioral willingness. Accumulated social capital more robustly affects collective behavioral willingness than direct social capital. Therefore, optimizing the measurement of social capital can help to grasp the social effects of social capital more comprehensively. To sum up, fully stimulating the role of informal network center members as a communication bridge between factory and ordinary migrant workers is conducive to promoting the positive coupling of formal and informal networks and improving governance efficiency.
农民工的社会网络是其集体行为的重要社会支持来源。本研究采用全网络方法,提出了社会网络中积累社会资本的测度,弥补了直接社会资本的不足。比较了正式网络与非正式网络、积累社会资本与直接社会资本对农民工集体行为意愿的异质效应,剖析了二者的交互作用机制。结果表明,非正式网络更有利于集体行为意愿的形成。正式网络对非正式网络具有调节作用,可以强化非正式网络对农民工集体行为意愿的影响。累积社会资本对集体行为意愿的影响强于直接社会资本。因此,优化社会资本的度量有助于更全面地把握社会资本的社会效应。综上所述,充分激发非正式网络中心成员作为工厂与普通农民工之间沟通桥梁的作用,有利于促进正式网络与非正式网络的正耦合,提高治理效率。
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引用次数: 0
Cognitive Dissonance and the Maintenance of a Positive Self‐Concept among Interracially Partnered Whites 跨种族伴侣白人的认知失调与积极自我概念的维持
4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1111/soin.12565
Ainsley Lambert‐Swain
This article analyzes the narratives of 40 partners in white/non‐white interracial relationships about their experiences navigating race across racially homogenous spaces. Both partners of color and white partners constructed rural areas, the South, and suburbs as racially hostile areas they avoided when possible. When discussing the white settings couples frequented socially, however, the narratives of partners of color and white partners diverged. Whereas partners of color characterized these settings as marked by more subtle racism, white partners characterized them as progressive and non‐racist. However, white partners unwittingly contradicted this as they recounted recurrent instances of interpersonal racism. Cognitive dissonance theory posits when individuals' beliefs and/or behaviors are threatening to their self‐concept, they will engage in activities to maintain a positive conception of themselves. Using cognitive dissonance theory as a guiding framework, this article suggests the inconsistencies in whites' narratives reflect a cognitive dissonance in which white partners' self‐concept as progressive and non‐racist is threatened by their association with whites who engage in racist rhetoric. Consequently, white partners dismiss, rationalize, and/or minimize the racism they encounter in order to maintain a positive conception of other whites, and thereby themselves.
本文分析了40位白人/非白人跨种族伴侣在种族同质空间中驾驭种族的经历。有色人种的伴侣和白人的伴侣都把农村地区、南方和郊区视为种族敌对的地区,他们尽可能地避开这些地区。然而,在讨论白人伴侣经常出现的社交场合时,有色人种伴侣和白人伴侣的叙述出现了分歧。有色人种的伴侣认为这些环境带有更微妙的种族主义特征,而白人伴侣则认为这些环境是进步的、非种族主义的。然而,白人伴侣无意中反驳了这一点,因为他们反复讲述了人际种族主义的例子。认知失调理论认为,当个体的信念和/或行为威胁到他们的自我概念时,他们会参与一些活动来维持一个积极的自我概念。以认知失调理论为指导框架,本文认为白人叙事的不一致性反映了一种认知失调,在这种认知失调中,白人伴侣作为进步和非种族主义的自我概念受到他们与从事种族主义言论的白人的联系的威胁。因此,白人伴侣会忽视、合理化和/或最小化他们遇到的种族主义,以保持对其他白人和他们自己的积极看法。
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引用次数: 0
An Exploration of Positive Stereotypes: Legitimating the System and Naïve Challenges to It 积极刻板印象的探索:合法化制度和Naïve对它的挑战
4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/soin.12569
Laurel R. Davis‐Delano, Elizabeth M. Morgan, David M. Merolla, Drexler James, Tuyet Mai Ha Hoang
Scholars have documented harm associated with positive stereotypes about groups that experience inequality. We surveyed five samples from the United States to explore antecedents to dominant group endorsement of positive stereotypes about women, gay men, Asian Americans, Black Americans, and Native Americans. We found more liberal participants, and those with more close contact with members of these groups, were more internally motivated to respond without prejudice, which was then associated with greater endorsement of positive stereotypes about women, gay men, Black Americans, and Native Americans. In contrast, more conservative participants were more likely to believe in system legitimacy, which was then associated with greater endorsement of positive stereotypes about women and Asian Americans. We theorize that positive stereotypes are used by dominant group members in divergent ways, sometimes to legitimate inequality and other times with concern about inequality. The latter likely involves naivety regarding the harmful nature of positive stereotypes.
学者们已经记录了对经历不平等的群体的积极刻板印象所带来的伤害。我们调查了来自美国的五个样本,以探索主导群体对女性、男同性恋者、亚裔美国人、黑人美国人和印第安人的正面刻板印象的认可的前因。我们发现,更自由的参与者,以及那些与这些群体成员接触更密切的参与者,更有内在动机做出不带偏见的回应,这与对女性、男同性恋者、美国黑人和美国原住民的积极刻板印象的更多认可有关。相比之下,更保守的参与者更有可能相信制度的合法性,这与对女性和亚裔美国人的积极刻板印象的更多认可有关。我们的理论是,主导群体的成员以不同的方式使用积极的刻板印象,有时是为了证明不平等是合理的,有时是为了担心不平等。后者可能涉及对积极刻板印象有害本质的天真认识。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Multiracism: Rethinking in Global Context, by AlistairBonnett. Polity Press, Cambridge, UK. 2022. 224 pp. £55 (UK), $70 (USA) cloth. ISBN: 9781509537327 书评:《多元种族主义:全球背景下的反思》,作者:阿利斯泰尔·邦尼特。政治出版社,剑桥,英国。2022. 224页,55英镑(英国),70美元(美国)布。ISBN: 9781509537327
IF 1.9 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-02 DOI: 10.1111/soin.12568
Benjamin Duke
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引用次数: 0
Me, My Track and Society: How Track Identification Affects the Relationship between General Self‐Esteem and Perceived Public Track Status 我、我的轨迹与社会:轨迹识别如何影响一般自尊与感知公共轨迹状态之间的关系
IF 1.9 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1111/soin.12567
Lorenz Dekeyser, Mieke Van Houtte, Charlotte Maene, Peter A. J. Stevens
Prior research has demonstrated the adverse effects of ability grouping (here tracking) on a broad range of outcomes for secondary school students, including their self‐esteem. A recent line of study focuses on the importance of track identities in understanding how ability grouping impacts students. This study builds on these findings by investigating the role of public track regard and chauvinistic track identification on the relationship between track membership and general self‐esteem. Multilevel modeling of school survey data collected from 4,540 third‐year high school students from 64 schools in Belgium shows that students' public track regard correlates positively with their general self‐esteem. In addition, while students' chauvinistic track identification does not protect against societal judgment, it does associate with general self‐esteem. The type of chauvinism, either social or cognitive, that correlates with self‐esteem is track‐dependent. The conclusions discuss the implications of these findings for research and social policy.
先前的研究已经证明了能力分组(此处为跟踪)对中学生的广泛结果的不利影响,包括他们的自尊。最近的一项研究重点是轨迹认同在理解能力分组如何影响学生方面的重要性。本研究以这些发现为基础,调查了公众对赛道的尊重和沙文主义的赛道认同在赛道成员资格和普遍自尊之间的关系中的作用。从比利时64所学校的4540名三年级高中生中收集的学校调查数据的多层次建模显示,学生的公共轨道尊重与他们的总体自尊呈正相关。此外,虽然学生的沙文主义轨道认同不能抵御社会评判,但它确实与普遍的自尊有关。与自尊相关的沙文主义类型,无论是社会还是认知,都是依赖于轨迹的。结论讨论了这些发现对研究和社会政策的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: The Bricks before Brown: The Chinese American, Native American, and Mexican Americans' Struggle for Educational Equality, by MariselaMartinez‐Cola. The University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA. 2022. 227 pp. $26.95 paperback. ISBN: 9‐780‐8203‐6203‐8 书评:《布朗之前的砖块:华裔、美洲原住民和墨西哥裔美国人争取教育平等的斗争》,MariselaMartinez‐Cola著。佐治亚大学出版社,佐治亚州雅典,2022年。227页,平装本26.95美元。ISBN:9‐780‐8203‐6203‐8
IF 1.9 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1111/soin.12566
Jennifer Padilla Wyse
{"title":"Book Review: The Bricks before Brown: The Chinese American, Native American, and Mexican Americans' Struggle for Educational Equality, by MariselaMartinez‐Cola. The University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA. 2022. 227 pp. $26.95 paperback. ISBN: 9‐780‐8203‐6203‐8","authors":"Jennifer Padilla Wyse","doi":"10.1111/soin.12566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12566","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47699,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Inquiry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46773933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Race and Role: The Mixed‐Race Asian Experience in American Drama, by Rena M.Heinrich. Rutgers University Press. 2023. 206 pages. Cloth, $120.00 《种族与角色:美国戏剧中的亚裔混血体验》,Rena M.Heinrich著,罗格斯大学出版社。2023.206页。布料,120.00美元
IF 1.9 4区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/soin.12564
Zhang Fan
{"title":"Race and Role: The Mixed‐Race Asian Experience in American Drama, by Rena M.Heinrich. Rutgers University Press. 2023. 206 pages. Cloth, $120.00","authors":"Zhang Fan","doi":"10.1111/soin.12564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12564","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47699,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Inquiry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45144809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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