Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309013
Natalya. I. Abramova, Olga L. Khromova, M. O. Selimyan, Natalia V. Zenkova
The current state of the herd, breeds and prospects for their development should be determined on the basis of studying the variability of the main economically useful signs and actual indicators, which allows us to identify selection and selection techniques that will ensure an increase in the productivity of animals with each new generation. The studies were carried out on a herd of Ayrshire cows on incomplete first lactation, first completed, second, third and older, taking into account the productivity of maternal ancestors. According to the results of the research, a significant variability in the milk yield of cows of the modern herd and their mothers CV=11,9–19,5 % was revealed, which allows for improving the selection of animals for the reproduction of the herd. The most effective selection was established according to the actual indicators of milk yield in mothers at the first lactation +977 kg of milk, at the highest + 456 kg of milk, with a reduction in the age of daughters in lactation. According to MJ and MDB, a weak variability of the CV=3,3–3,5 % trait was revealed in the milk of cows of the modern herd. These research results are a characteristic of the breeding situation in the herd and the possibility of its correction by directional selection and selection of animals.
{"title":"The current state of the breeding situation in the herd","authors":"Natalya. I. Abramova, Olga L. Khromova, M. O. Selimyan, Natalia V. Zenkova","doi":"10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309013","url":null,"abstract":"The current state of the herd, breeds and prospects for their development should be determined on the basis of studying the variability of the main economically useful signs and actual indicators, which allows us to identify selection and selection techniques that will ensure an increase in the productivity of animals with each new generation. The studies were carried out on a herd of Ayrshire cows on incomplete first lactation, first completed, second, third and older, taking into account the productivity of maternal ancestors. According to the results of the research, a significant variability in the milk yield of cows of the modern herd and their mothers CV=11,9–19,5 % was revealed, which allows for improving the selection of animals for the reproduction of the herd. The most effective selection was established according to the actual indicators of milk yield in mothers at the first lactation +977 kg of milk, at the highest + 456 kg of milk, with a reduction in the age of daughters in lactation. According to MJ and MDB, a weak variability of the CV=3,3–3,5 % trait was revealed in the milk of cows of the modern herd. These research results are a characteristic of the breeding situation in the herd and the possibility of its correction by directional selection and selection of animals.","PeriodicalId":477287,"journal":{"name":"Ветеринария, зоотехния и биотехнология","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135102135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309011
Dmitry V. Bykov, Alexei A. Vasiliev, Maxim V. Syrovatsky
In the conditions of a dairy commercial enterprise, a scientific and economic experiment was carried out on two groups of cows – analogues. The duration of the experiment was 104 days. In a scientific and economic experiment, we studied the effect of feeding a suspension of chlorella in the first phase of lactation in the diets of freshly calved lactating cows and cows 2–3 lactations per amount of milk fat and protein in milk. The analysis of average values according to the dynamics of changes in the content of milk fat was carried out. Data were obtained on the positive effect of chlorella suspension on the quality indicators of fat and protein in the milk of cows of the experimental group.
{"title":"Effect of microalgae feeding to lactating cows on milk quality and milk production","authors":"Dmitry V. Bykov, Alexei A. Vasiliev, Maxim V. Syrovatsky","doi":"10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309011","url":null,"abstract":"In the conditions of a dairy commercial enterprise, a scientific and economic experiment was carried out on two groups of cows – analogues. The duration of the experiment was 104 days. In a scientific and economic experiment, we studied the effect of feeding a suspension of chlorella in the first phase of lactation in the diets of freshly calved lactating cows and cows 2–3 lactations per amount of milk fat and protein in milk. The analysis of average values according to the dynamics of changes in the content of milk fat was carried out. Data were obtained on the positive effect of chlorella suspension on the quality indicators of fat and protein in the milk of cows of the experimental group.","PeriodicalId":477287,"journal":{"name":"Ветеринария, зоотехния и биотехнология","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135102492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309008
Nikolay V. Pimenov, Andrey V. Kapustin, Andrey D. Roenko
Vaccines – immunobiodrugs, for active immunization of people and animals for preventive and therapeutic purposes, today have received a multi-vector and complex development of technology and structure. At the moment, in the world and in the Russian Federation, in particular, there is no single, generally recognized classification of vaccines that combines all modern achievements in vaccinology. The literature uses disparate approaches to classification, naming of vaccines, as well as incomplete reduction of classification groups. In the presented work, an analysis of existing classifications was carried out, their improvement based on new knowledge in the field of vaccine preparations, the creation of new drugs based on genetic engineering, the systematization of scientific information in the field of development of immunobiological preparations and open prototypes. This classification is proposed to be used to create a unified classification of vaccines on the territory of the Russian Federation and the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and use it to standardize finished products, educational and methodological publications, scientific reaserches and other theoretical materials. The paper presents four classification groups, each of which is composed in such a way that, if necessary, for example, in the event of the emergence of fundamentally new technologies for the production of vaccines, they can be implemented into it without compromising the overall systematics.
{"title":"Unification of classification groups of vaccines","authors":"Nikolay V. Pimenov, Andrey V. Kapustin, Andrey D. Roenko","doi":"10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309008","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccines – immunobiodrugs, for active immunization of people and animals for preventive and therapeutic purposes, today have received a multi-vector and complex development of technology and structure. At the moment, in the world and in the Russian Federation, in particular, there is no single, generally recognized classification of vaccines that combines all modern achievements in vaccinology. The literature uses disparate approaches to classification, naming of vaccines, as well as incomplete reduction of classification groups. In the presented work, an analysis of existing classifications was carried out, their improvement based on new knowledge in the field of vaccine preparations, the creation of new drugs based on genetic engineering, the systematization of scientific information in the field of development of immunobiological preparations and open prototypes. This classification is proposed to be used to create a unified classification of vaccines on the territory of the Russian Federation and the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and use it to standardize finished products, educational and methodological publications, scientific reaserches and other theoretical materials. The paper presents four classification groups, each of which is composed in such a way that, if necessary, for example, in the event of the emergence of fundamentally new technologies for the production of vaccines, they can be implemented into it without compromising the overall systematics.","PeriodicalId":477287,"journal":{"name":"Ветеринария, зоотехния и биотехнология","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135102131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309012
Irina E. Epifanova, Vadim G. Epimakhov, Vladimir Ya. Sarukhanov
A review of some aspects obtaining environmentally friendly livestock products studies under the conditions of agricultural territories technogenic pollution of for the case of high levels of mercury and arsenic in the agrosphere is presented. The mercury and arsenic toxic effects of on the farm animals physiological state and productivity when taken with the diet, even in small quantities, have been confirmed. The simultaneous analysis of wool, blood and urine animals samples expediency for the presence of mercury and arsenic in order to predict the possible consequences of exposure to these toxicants on the animal organism and determine the environmental safety level of the products obtained is noted. The importance of the public health risk assessing from present in food toxicants impact is emphasized. The conclusion about the predicting the possible mercury and arsenic content of in food raw materials of animal origin problem relevance and the need to ration their intake with the diet in order to obtain animal products that meet sanitary and hygienic requirements is made.
{"title":"Study of the effect of mercury and arsenic contamination of feed on the safety of livestock products","authors":"Irina E. Epifanova, Vadim G. Epimakhov, Vladimir Ya. Sarukhanov","doi":"10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309012","url":null,"abstract":"A review of some aspects obtaining environmentally friendly livestock products studies under the conditions of agricultural territories technogenic pollution of for the case of high levels of mercury and arsenic in the agrosphere is presented. The mercury and arsenic toxic effects of on the farm animals physiological state and productivity when taken with the diet, even in small quantities, have been confirmed. The simultaneous analysis of wool, blood and urine animals samples expediency for the presence of mercury and arsenic in order to predict the possible consequences of exposure to these toxicants on the animal organism and determine the environmental safety level of the products obtained is noted. The importance of the public health risk assessing from present in food toxicants impact is emphasized. The conclusion about the predicting the possible mercury and arsenic content of in food raw materials of animal origin problem relevance and the need to ration their intake with the diet in order to obtain animal products that meet sanitary and hygienic requirements is made.","PeriodicalId":477287,"journal":{"name":"Ветеринария, зоотехния и биотехнология","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135102137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309007
Svetlana V. Zyuzgina, Olga E. Zinovieva, Tatyana P. Lobova, Vera V. Mikhailova, Maria S. Shishkina, Anastasia N. Skvortsova
Chlamydia infection causes significant economic damage to various branches of animal husbandry and poultry farming. In the system of veterinary and sanitary measures, it is important to detect the pathogen as early and reliably as possible in various forms of the disease. For this purpose, a number of laboratory methods of direct and indirect diagnosis of chlamydia have been developed over the past years. The article analyzes the results of laboratory tests for chlamydia in state veterinary laboratories for 2019–2021, as well as cases of positive results in the study of biological and pathological materials from animals, including birds. During the analyzed period, 2 750 726 samples of material from animals, including birds, were received by state veterinary laboratories for research on chlamydia, of which 2 645 605 (96,7 %) samples were examined by serological methods, specific antibodies were detected in 0,4 % of blood serum from animals (except birds). Positive results of serological tests require mandatory confirmation by methods of direct detection of chlamydia, their antigens, nucleic acids in biological material. The genetic material of chlamydia during polymerase chain reaction studies was detected in 1 % of samples of biological and pathological material from animals, including birds.
{"title":"Analysis of laboratory diagnostics of chlamydia in animals and birds in the Russian Federation for 2019–2021","authors":"Svetlana V. Zyuzgina, Olga E. Zinovieva, Tatyana P. Lobova, Vera V. Mikhailova, Maria S. Shishkina, Anastasia N. Skvortsova","doi":"10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309007","url":null,"abstract":"Chlamydia infection causes significant economic damage to various branches of animal husbandry and poultry farming. In the system of veterinary and sanitary measures, it is important to detect the pathogen as early and reliably as possible in various forms of the disease. For this purpose, a number of laboratory methods of direct and indirect diagnosis of chlamydia have been developed over the past years. The article analyzes the results of laboratory tests for chlamydia in state veterinary laboratories for 2019–2021, as well as cases of positive results in the study of biological and pathological materials from animals, including birds. During the analyzed period, 2 750 726 samples of material from animals, including birds, were received by state veterinary laboratories for research on chlamydia, of which 2 645 605 (96,7 %) samples were examined by serological methods, specific antibodies were detected in 0,4 % of blood serum from animals (except birds). Positive results of serological tests require mandatory confirmation by methods of direct detection of chlamydia, their antigens, nucleic acids in biological material. The genetic material of chlamydia during polymerase chain reaction studies was detected in 1 % of samples of biological and pathological material from animals, including birds.","PeriodicalId":477287,"journal":{"name":"Ветеринария, зоотехния и биотехнология","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135102495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202310002
Elena N. Borkhunova, Mariya V. Zhukova
The work analyzed the results of the study of the tendons of the finger of a horse and presented general patterns of their structural organization. It was shown that the dense decorated connective tissue of the tendon, in the structure of which there are cells (tenoblasts and tenocytes) and intercellular matter with a predominance of bundles of collagen fibers, has a bundle structure, is in close connection with the loose connective tissue that forms endo- and peritenone. In turn, together these tissues form functional units in the tendon structure, which form the internal structure of the tendon as an organ. At the level of functional units, tendon tissue is remodeled. According to our data, the most labile link that allows the tendon to realize structural and metabolic adaptation to biomechanical load may be bundles of second-order collagen fibers, which differ in the variability of morphological (cross-sectional shape) and morphometric (cross-sectional area) indicators. Tendon tissue adapts to different mechanical loads by changing the structure that can be quantified. Thus, it varies the cross-sectional area of the collagen fiber bundles of orders II and III, the width of the endotenonium interlayers, the number of ovular capillary network within the functional unit, the number of tendon fibers "waves" per unit length. All this allows us to consider the tissue of the tendon, not inert, but a labile biological system that can adapt to functional load due to changes in morphological indicators.
{"title":"General patterns of microscopic structure of horse tendons","authors":"Elena N. Borkhunova, Mariya V. Zhukova","doi":"10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202310002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202310002","url":null,"abstract":"The work analyzed the results of the study of the tendons of the finger of a horse and presented general patterns of their structural organization. It was shown that the dense decorated connective tissue of the tendon, in the structure of which there are cells (tenoblasts and tenocytes) and intercellular matter with a predominance of bundles of collagen fibers, has a bundle structure, is in close connection with the loose connective tissue that forms endo- and peritenone. In turn, together these tissues form functional units in the tendon structure, which form the internal structure of the tendon as an organ. At the level of functional units, tendon tissue is remodeled. According to our data, the most labile link that allows the tendon to realize structural and metabolic adaptation to biomechanical load may be bundles of second-order collagen fibers, which differ in the variability of morphological (cross-sectional shape) and morphometric (cross-sectional area) indicators. Tendon tissue adapts to different mechanical loads by changing the structure that can be quantified. Thus, it varies the cross-sectional area of the collagen fiber bundles of orders II and III, the width of the endotenonium interlayers, the number of ovular capillary network within the functional unit, the number of tendon fibers \"waves\" per unit length. All this allows us to consider the tissue of the tendon, not inert, but a labile biological system that can adapt to functional load due to changes in morphological indicators.","PeriodicalId":477287,"journal":{"name":"Ветеринария, зоотехния и биотехнология","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135101495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202310012
Nina M. Kurilova, Maxim V. Syrovatsky, Alexei A. Vasiliev, Evgeny N. Vaulin
The study of the effect of various feed additives in the diet of lactating cows is an urgent problem, since during this period of production use, animals experience increased loads - recovery after calving, negative energy balance of live weight, decreased appetite, high loads on milk synthesis. The aim of our research was to study the effect of a suspension of chlorella grown in an automatic mobile plant on the milk productivity of first-calf heifers and young cows at the beginning of lactation. We used zootechnical and biochemical studies. First-calf heifers and cows of the second lactation included 1 liter of liquid suspension of chlorella, grown according to the new, patented, technology of Amfor LLC. Monitoring of daily milk yield was carried out weekly during the first phase of lactation. The inclusion of chlorella suspension had a positive effect on milk synthesis. The addition of chlorella suspension effectively affected the daily milk yield of cows from the ninth to the twelfth week of lactation. Starting from the thirteenth week of lactation, the daily milk yield of cows in the experimental and control groups decreased, but remained at a high level. Biochemical studies of the blood of cows in the first phase of lactation did not reveal significant changes in metabolism. No metabolic diseases were detected by the veterinary service.
{"title":"The effectiveness of the use of microalgae in the diets of lactating cows and their effect on milk production and blood biochemical parameters","authors":"Nina M. Kurilova, Maxim V. Syrovatsky, Alexei A. Vasiliev, Evgeny N. Vaulin","doi":"10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202310012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202310012","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the effect of various feed additives in the diet of lactating cows is an urgent problem, since during this period of production use, animals experience increased loads - recovery after calving, negative energy balance of live weight, decreased appetite, high loads on milk synthesis. The aim of our research was to study the effect of a suspension of chlorella grown in an automatic mobile plant on the milk productivity of first-calf heifers and young cows at the beginning of lactation. We used zootechnical and biochemical studies. First-calf heifers and cows of the second lactation included 1 liter of liquid suspension of chlorella, grown according to the new, patented, technology of Amfor LLC. Monitoring of daily milk yield was carried out weekly during the first phase of lactation. The inclusion of chlorella suspension had a positive effect on milk synthesis. The addition of chlorella suspension effectively affected the daily milk yield of cows from the ninth to the twelfth week of lactation. Starting from the thirteenth week of lactation, the daily milk yield of cows in the experimental and control groups decreased, but remained at a high level. Biochemical studies of the blood of cows in the first phase of lactation did not reveal significant changes in metabolism. No metabolic diseases were detected by the veterinary service.","PeriodicalId":477287,"journal":{"name":"Ветеринария, зоотехния и биотехнология","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135102895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309006
Yuriy S. Ovsyannikov, Maxim S. Dursenev
The problem of the choice of protein raw materials and the method of its hydrolysis for the creation of new protein hydrolysates has not yet lost its relevance. The purpose of the work: to study the peculiarities of obtaining enzymatic and acid hydrolysates of embryonic mass, vaccine production waste and to conduct a comparative assessment of the effect of the hydrolysis method on the physico-chemical characteristics, peptide and amino acid composition of the resulting hydrolysates. To obtain hydrolysates, 12-day-old chicken embryos were used as raw materials, after sucking off the virus-containing allantois fluid, are waste products of anti-influenza medication. As hydrolyzing agents, the pancreatic glands of cattle State Standart 11285-93 were used for enzymatic hydrolysis, and synthetic hydrochloric acid State Standart 857-95 was used for acid hydrolysis. It was found that the degree of cleavage in all hydrolysates is average. The content of total and amine nitrogen in the enzyme and initial acid hydrolysates is in the same range, and the values of the same indicators in the acid deionized hydrolysate are significantly less. This is due to the dilution of the hydrolysate during deionization and does not affect its quality. In the studied hydrolysates, the presence of peptides of different molecular weights was noted: in the enzyme hydrolysate, the content of peptides with a molecular weight of 1000 to 2000 Daltons is almost 2.5 times greater than in the acidic one, the level of free amino acids is also higher in the enzyme hydrolysate, and peptides with a molecular weight of 500 to 1000 Daltons in it is 6 times less. The data of the amino acid profile of hydrolysates indicates that the total amount of amino acids in both hydrolysates does not differ significantly. However, all the essential amino acids are present in the enzymatic hydrolysate, and there is no proline and tryptophan in the acid hydrolysate. Thus, the enzymatic and acidic hydrolysis method makes it possible to effectively break down the protein of the embryonic mass and obtain final products with an average degree of protein cleavage. However, the distribution of peptides by fractions and the amino acid composition of hydrolysates varies from the method of its preparation. This circumstance should be taken into account when designing nutrient media for a particular microorganism, taking into account its needs.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of nutrient media based on protein hydrolysates","authors":"Yuriy S. Ovsyannikov, Maxim S. Dursenev","doi":"10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309006","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of the choice of protein raw materials and the method of its hydrolysis for the creation of new protein hydrolysates has not yet lost its relevance. The purpose of the work: to study the peculiarities of obtaining enzymatic and acid hydrolysates of embryonic mass, vaccine production waste and to conduct a comparative assessment of the effect of the hydrolysis method on the physico-chemical characteristics, peptide and amino acid composition of the resulting hydrolysates. To obtain hydrolysates, 12-day-old chicken embryos were used as raw materials, after sucking off the virus-containing allantois fluid, are waste products of anti-influenza medication. As hydrolyzing agents, the pancreatic glands of cattle State Standart 11285-93 were used for enzymatic hydrolysis, and synthetic hydrochloric acid State Standart 857-95 was used for acid hydrolysis. It was found that the degree of cleavage in all hydrolysates is average. The content of total and amine nitrogen in the enzyme and initial acid hydrolysates is in the same range, and the values of the same indicators in the acid deionized hydrolysate are significantly less. This is due to the dilution of the hydrolysate during deionization and does not affect its quality. In the studied hydrolysates, the presence of peptides of different molecular weights was noted: in the enzyme hydrolysate, the content of peptides with a molecular weight of 1000 to 2000 Daltons is almost 2.5 times greater than in the acidic one, the level of free amino acids is also higher in the enzyme hydrolysate, and peptides with a molecular weight of 500 to 1000 Daltons in it is 6 times less. The data of the amino acid profile of hydrolysates indicates that the total amount of amino acids in both hydrolysates does not differ significantly. However, all the essential amino acids are present in the enzymatic hydrolysate, and there is no proline and tryptophan in the acid hydrolysate. Thus, the enzymatic and acidic hydrolysis method makes it possible to effectively break down the protein of the embryonic mass and obtain final products with an average degree of protein cleavage. However, the distribution of peptides by fractions and the amino acid composition of hydrolysates varies from the method of its preparation. This circumstance should be taken into account when designing nutrient media for a particular microorganism, taking into account its needs.","PeriodicalId":477287,"journal":{"name":"Ветеринария, зоотехния и биотехнология","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135102139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309014
Olga D. Kirillova, Irina I. Tsepilova, Elizaveta A. Nikolaeva
The article presents data on the composition of the parasitofauna of the gastrointestinal tract in various agricultural ruminants belonging to private farms located on the territory of the Moscow region. Studies have shown that cattle are invaded by 11,45 %, goats by 91,11 % and sheep by 94,12 %. The parasitofauna is represented by the suborder Strongylata, two genera of nematodes – Nematodirus and Trichocephalus, as well as the genus of protozoa Eimeria. The results of the studies indicate the spread of mixed invasions, among which the dominant and permanent articulation are strongylatoses of the gastrointestinal tract. During deworming, benzimidazole- and avermectin- containing drugs were used. The extensivity (EE) of fenbendazole with respect to strongylatoses of the gastrointestinal tract of cattle and goats was 100 %, and EE of ivermectin with respect to strongylatoses of the gastrointestinal tract of goats was 96,56 % and with respect to trichocephalosis 83,33 %, and in sheep 100 % and 66,67 %, respectively.
{"title":"Characteristics of the composition of the parasitofauna of the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, taking into account the use of anthelmintics","authors":"Olga D. Kirillova, Irina I. Tsepilova, Elizaveta A. Nikolaeva","doi":"10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309014","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents data on the composition of the parasitofauna of the gastrointestinal tract in various agricultural ruminants belonging to private farms located on the territory of the Moscow region. Studies have shown that cattle are invaded by 11,45 %, goats by 91,11 % and sheep by 94,12 %. The parasitofauna is represented by the suborder Strongylata, two genera of nematodes – Nematodirus and Trichocephalus, as well as the genus of protozoa Eimeria. The results of the studies indicate the spread of mixed invasions, among which the dominant and permanent articulation are strongylatoses of the gastrointestinal tract. During deworming, benzimidazole- and avermectin- containing drugs were used. The extensivity (EE) of fenbendazole with respect to strongylatoses of the gastrointestinal tract of cattle and goats was 100 %, and EE of ivermectin with respect to strongylatoses of the gastrointestinal tract of goats was 96,56 % and with respect to trichocephalosis 83,33 %, and in sheep 100 % and 66,67 %, respectively.","PeriodicalId":477287,"journal":{"name":"Ветеринария, зоотехния и биотехнология","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135102494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202310008
Andrey G. Koshchaev, Oleg Yu. Chernykh, Alexander S. Tishchenko, Alina Yu. Manakova, Pavel P. Yakovenko, Dmitry O. Alferov
The scientific article presents statistical data on the results of laboratory studies for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms – causative agents of acute intestinal infections among young cattle and pigs in the Krasnodar Territory in the period from 2008 to 2022. The materials used to write the article were provided by GBU «Kropotkin Regional Veterinary Laboratory». In our work, the most frequently reported intestinal diseases of calves and piglets were highlighted, including escherichiosis, enterococcosis, staphylococcosis, streptococcosis, anaerobic enterotoxemia, citrobacteriosis, pseudomoniasis and edematous disease of piglets. A brief description of the pathogens was also given, the most common types of pathogenic bacteria were mentioned. Based on the available data, the frequency of occurrence of acute intestinal diseases was calculated, the percentage of registration of the most common pathogens of infections was established. It has been established that one of the most common acute intestinal pathologies among young cattle and pigs in the Krasnodar Territory over the past 15 years is escherichiosis. Pathogenic E. coli in pathological material was isolated in 41 % of cases in calves, and in 47 % in piglets. Enterococcal infection accounted for 43,3 % of studies in calves and 28,3 % in piglets. Pseudomoniasis, anaerobic enterotoxemia in calves, as well as edematous disease, staphylococcosis and citrobacteriosis in piglets have not been massively registered recently, but are manifested by sporadic outbreaks. Taking into account the current epizootic situation in the Krasnodar Territory for acute intestinal diseases in calves and piglets, it is necessary to conduct regular monitoring of them among the livestock, maintain the veterinary and sanitary condition of livestock farms at the proper level and seek effective, safe and environmentally friendly methods of controlling pathogens.
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