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Across-Channel Auditory Gap Detection 跨通道听觉间隙检测
IF 2.3 2区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-09-09 DOI: 10.1525/mp.2020.38.1.66
A. J. Weaver, Matthew Hoch, Lindsey Soles Quinn, J. Blumsack
In studies of perceptual and neural processing differences between musicians and nonmusicians, participants are typically dichotomized on the basis of personal report of musical experience. The present study relates self-reported musical experience and objectively measured musical aptitude to a skill that is important in music perception: temporal resolution (or acuity). The Advanced Measures of Music Audiation (AMMA) test was used to objectively assess participant musical aptitude, and adaptive psychophysical measurements were obtained to assess temporal resolution on two tasks: within-channel gap detection and across-channel gap detection. Results suggest that musical aptitude measured with the AMMA and self-reporting of music experiences (duration of music instruction) are both related to temporal resolution ability in musicians. The relationship between musical aptitude and/or duration of music training is important to music educators advocating for the benefits of music programs as well as in behavioral and neurophysiological research.
在研究音乐家和非音乐家之间的感知和神经处理差异时,参与者通常会根据个人对音乐体验的报告进行二分。本研究将自我报告的音乐体验和客观测量的音乐才能与一种在音乐感知中很重要的技能联系起来:时间分辨率(或敏锐度)。音乐听觉高级测量(AMMA)测试用于客观评估参与者的音乐能力,并获得自适应心理物理测量来评估两项任务的时间分辨率:通道内间隙检测和跨通道间隙检测。结果表明,用AMMA测量的音乐倾向和音乐体验的自我报告(音乐教学的持续时间)都与音乐家的时间分辨能力有关。音乐才能和/或音乐训练持续时间之间的关系对于音乐教育工作者倡导音乐课程的好处以及在行为和神经生理学研究中都很重要。
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引用次数: 0
Experience of Groove Questionnaire Groove问卷的经验
IF 2.3 2区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1525/mp.2020.38.1.46
Olivier Senn, T. Bechtold, Dawn Rose, Guilherme Câmara, Nina Düvel, R. Jerjen, Lorenz Kilchenmann, Florian Hoesl, A. Baldassarre, Elena Alessandri
Music often triggers a pleasurable urge in listeners to move their bodies in response to the rhythm. In music psychology, this experience is commonly referred to as groove. This study presents the Experience of Groove Questionnaire, a newly developed self-report questionnaire that enables respondents to subjectively assess how strongly they feel an urge to move and pleasure while listening to music. The development of the questionnaire was carried out in several stages: candidate questionnaire items were generated on the basis of the groove literature, and their suitability was judged by fifteen groove and rhythm research experts. Two listening experiments were carried out in order to reduce the number of items, to validate the instrument, and to estimate its reliability. The final questionnaire consists of two scales with three items each that reliably measure respondents’ urge to move (Cronbach’s α = .92) and their experience of pleasure (α = .97) while listening to music. The two scales are highly correlated (r = .80), which indicates a strong association between motor and emotional responses to music. The scales of the Experience of Groove Questionnaire can independently be applied in groove research and in a variety of other research contexts in which listeners’ subjective experience of music-induced movement and enjoyment need to be addressed: for example the study of the interaction between music and motivation in sports and research on therapeutic applications of music in people with neurological movement disorders.
音乐常常会让听众产生一种愉悦的冲动,让他们随着音乐的节奏动起来。在音乐心理学中,这种体验通常被称为groove。本研究提出了Groove Experience Questionnaire,这是一份新开发的自我报告问卷,可以让受访者主观地评估他们在听音乐时感受到的移动和快乐的强烈程度。问卷的编制分几个阶段进行:在槽文献的基础上生成候选问卷项目,由15位槽节奏研究专家对其适用性进行评判。为了减少项目数量,验证仪器,并估计其可靠性,进行了两次听力实验。最后的问卷由两个量表组成,每个量表有三个项目,可靠地衡量受访者在听音乐时的移动冲动(Cronbach ' s α = 0.92)和他们的快乐体验(α = 0.97)。这两个量表高度相关(r = 0.80),这表明对音乐的运动和情绪反应之间有很强的联系。凹槽体验问卷的量表可以独立地应用于凹槽研究和各种其他研究背景中,其中听众对音乐诱导的运动和享受的主观体验需要解决:例如研究运动中音乐和动机之间的相互作用,以及研究音乐在神经运动障碍患者中的治疗应用。
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引用次数: 10
Classical Rondos and Sonatas as Stylistic Categories 作为风格范畴的古典回旋曲和奏鸣曲
IF 2.3 2区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.1525/mp.2020.37.5.373
Jonathan de Souza, Adam Roy, Andrew Goldman
Sonata and rondo movements are often defined in terms of large-scale form, yet in the classical era, rondos were also identified according to their lively, cheerful character. We hypothesized that sonatas and rondos could be categorized based on stylistic features, and that rondos would involve more acoustic cues for happiness (e.g., higher average pitch height and higher average attack rate). In a corpus analysis, we examined paired movement openings from 180 instrumental works, composed between 1770 and 1799. Rondos had significantly higher pitch height and attack rate, as predicted, and there were also significant differences related to dynamics, meter, and cadences. We then conducted an experiment involving participants with at least 5 years of formal music training or less than 6 months of formal music training. Participants listened to 120 15-second audio clips, taken from the beginnings of movements in our corpus. After a training phase, they attempted to categorize the excerpts (2AFC task). D-prime scores were significantly higher than chance levels for both groups, and in post-experiment questionnaires, participants without music training reported that rondos sounded happier than sonatas. Overall, these results suggest that classical formal types have distinct stylistic and affective conventions.
奏鸣曲和回旋曲通常以大型形式来定义,但在古典时代,回旋曲也根据其活泼、欢快的性格来确定。我们假设奏鸣曲和回旋曲可以根据风格特征进行分类,回旋曲会涉及更多快乐的声学线索(例如,更高的平均音高高度和更高的进攻率)。在语料库分析中,我们研究了1770年至1799年间创作的180件器乐作品中的成对动作开场白。正如预测的那样,隆多的投球高度和攻击率明显更高,而且在动力学、节奏和节奏方面也存在显著差异。然后,我们进行了一项实验,参与者接受了至少5年的正式音乐训练或不到6个月的正式音乐培训。参与者听了120个15秒的音频片段,这些片段取自我们语料库中动作的开头。在一个训练阶段之后,他们试图对摘录进行分类(2AFC任务)。两组的D级成绩都明显高于机会水平,在实验后的问卷调查中,没有受过音乐训练的参与者报告说,回旋曲听起来比奏鸣曲更快乐。总的来说,这些结果表明,古典形式类型具有不同的风格和情感约定。
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引用次数: 1
Comparing Methods for Analyzing Music-Evoked Autobiographical Memories 音乐诱发的自传体记忆分析方法比较
IF 2.3 2区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1525/mp.2020.37.5.392
Amy M. Belfi, Elena Bai, Ava Stroud
The study of music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) has grown substantially in recent years. Prior work has used various methods to compare MEAMs to memories evoked by other cues (e.g., images, words). Here, we sought to identify which methods could distinguish between MEAMs and picture-evoked memories. Participants (N = 18) listened to popular music and viewed pictures of famous persons, and described any autobiographical memories evoked by the stimuli. Memories were scored using the Autobiographical Interview (AI; Levine, Svoboda, Hay, Winocur, & Moscovitch, 2002), Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC; Pennebaker et al., 2015), and Evaluative Lexicon (EL; Rocklage & Fazio, 2018). We trained three logistic regression models (one for each scoring method) to differentiate between memories evoked by music and faces. Models trained on LIWC and AI data exhibited significantly above chance accuracy when classifying whether a memory was evoked by a face or a song. The EL, which focuses on the affective nature of a text, failed to predict whether memories were evoked by music or faces. This demonstrates that various memory scoring techniques provide complementary information about cued autobiographical memories, and suggests that MEAMs differ from memories evoked by pictures in some aspects (e.g., perceptual and episodic content) but not others (e.g., emotional content).
近年来,对音乐引发的自传体记忆(MEAM)的研究有了长足的发展。先前的工作已经使用了各种方法来将MEAM与其他线索(例如,图像、单词)唤起的记忆进行比较。在这里,我们试图确定哪些方法可以区分MEAM和图片唤起的记忆。参与者(N=18)听流行音乐,看名人的照片,并描述刺激引起的任何自传体记忆。使用自传访谈(AI;Levine、Svoboda、Hay、Winocur和Moscovitch,2002)、语言探究和字数统计(LIWC;Pennebaker等人,2015)和评估词汇(EL;Rocklage和Fazio,2018)对记忆进行评分。我们训练了三个逻辑回归模型(每种评分方法一个)来区分音乐和面部唤起的记忆。在对记忆是由人脸还是歌曲唤起进行分类时,根据LIWC和AI数据训练的模型表现出明显高于偶然的准确性。EL专注于文本的情感本质,未能预测记忆是由音乐还是面孔唤起的。这表明,各种记忆评分技术提供了关于提示自传体记忆的补充信息,并表明MEAM在某些方面(如感知和情节内容)不同于图片唤起的记忆,但在其他方面(如情感内容)不同。
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引用次数: 10
Learning Music From Each Other: Synchronization, Turn-taking, or Imitation? 相互学习音乐:同步、轮流还是模仿?
IF 2.3 2区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1525/mp.2020.37.5.403
A. Schiavio, Jan Stupacher, R. Parncutt, R. Timmers
In an experimental study, we investigated how well novices can learn from each other in situations of technology-aided musical skill acquisition, comparing joint and solo learning, and learning through imitation, synchronization, and turn-taking. Fifty-four participants became familiar, either solo or in pairs, with three short musical melodies and then individually performed each from memory. Each melody was learned in a different way: participants from the solo group were asked via an instructional video to: 1) play in synchrony with the video, 2) take turns with the video, or 3) imitate the video. Participants from the duo group engaged in the same learning trials, but with a partner. Novices in both groups performed more accurately in pitch and time when learning in synchrony and turn-taking than in imitation. No differences were found between solo and joint learning. These results suggest that musical learning benefits from a shared, in-the-moment, musical experience, where responsibilities and cognitive resources are distributed between biological (i.e., peers) and hybrid (i.e., participant(s) and computer) assemblies.
在一项实验研究中,我们调查了新手在技术辅助音乐技能习得的情况下相互学习的程度,比较了联合和单独学习,以及通过模仿、同步和轮流学习。54名参与者熟悉了三首简短的音乐旋律,无论是独奏还是双人,然后根据记忆分别表演。每首旋律都是以不同的方式学习的:独奏组的参与者通过教学视频被要求:1)与视频同步播放,2)轮流播放视频,或3)模仿视频。二人组的参与者参与了相同的学习试验,但有一个搭档。两组新手在同步学习和轮流学习时,在音高和时间上的表现都比模仿时更准确。单独学习和联合学习之间没有发现差异。这些结果表明,音乐学习受益于共享的即时音乐体验,在这种体验中,责任和认知资源分布在生物(即同伴)和混合(即参与者和计算机)组件之间。
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引用次数: 11
The Selectivity of Musical Advantage 音乐优势的选择性
IF 2.3 2区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1525/mp.2020.37.5.423
William Choi
The OPERA hypothesis theorizes how musical experience heightens perceptual acuity to lexical tones. One missing element in the hypothesis is whether musical advantage is general to all or specific to some lexical tones. To further extend the hypothesis, this study investigated whether English musicians consistently outperformed English nonmusicians in perceiving a variety of Cantonese tones. In an AXB discrimination task, the musicians exhibited superior discriminatory performance over the nonmusicians only in the high level, high rising, and mid-level tone contexts. Similarly, in a Cantonese tone sequence recall task, the musicians significantly outperformed the nonmusicians only in the contour tone context but not in the level tone context. Collectively, the results reflect the selectivity of musical advantage—musical experience is only advantageous to the perception of some but not all Cantonese tones, and elements of selectivity can be introduced to the OPERA hypothesis. Methodologically, the findings highlight the need to include a wide variety of lexical tone contrasts when studying music-to-language transfer.
OPERA假说理论解释了音乐体验如何提高对词汇音调的感知敏锐度。这个假设中缺少的一个因素是,音乐优势是普遍存在于所有人身上,还是只存在于某些词汇音调上。为了进一步扩展这一假设,本研究调查了英语音乐家在感知各种粤语音调方面是否始终优于英语非音乐家。在AXB辨别任务中,音乐家仅在高音调、高升音调和中级音调情境中表现出优于非音乐家的辨别表现。同样,在粤语声调序列回忆任务中,音乐家仅在轮廓音情境中显著优于非音乐家,而在平调情境中则没有。总的来说,结果反映了音乐优势的选择性——音乐经验只对部分粤语声调的感知有利,而不是所有粤语声调的感知有利,选择性的因素可以引入OPERA假设。从方法上讲,研究结果强调了在研究音乐到语言的转换时,需要包括各种各样的词汇语调对比。
{"title":"The Selectivity of Musical Advantage","authors":"William Choi","doi":"10.1525/mp.2020.37.5.423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/mp.2020.37.5.423","url":null,"abstract":"The OPERA hypothesis theorizes how musical experience heightens perceptual acuity to lexical tones. One missing element in the hypothesis is whether musical advantage is general to all or specific to some lexical tones. To further extend the hypothesis, this study investigated whether English musicians consistently outperformed English nonmusicians in perceiving a variety of Cantonese tones. In an AXB discrimination task, the musicians exhibited superior discriminatory performance over the nonmusicians only in the high level, high rising, and mid-level tone contexts. Similarly, in a Cantonese tone sequence recall task, the musicians significantly outperformed the nonmusicians only in the contour tone context but not in the level tone context. Collectively, the results reflect the selectivity of musical advantage—musical experience is only advantageous to the perception of some but not all Cantonese tones, and elements of selectivity can be introduced to the OPERA hypothesis. Methodologically, the findings highlight the need to include a wide variety of lexical tone contrasts when studying music-to-language transfer.","PeriodicalId":47786,"journal":{"name":"Music Perception","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46146110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Musicianship Enhances Perception But Not Feeling of Emotion From Others’ Social Interaction Through Speech Prosody 音乐通过言语韵律增强他人社交中的情感感知而非情感感受
IF 2.3 2区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-03-11 DOI: 10.1525/MP.2020.37.4.323
Eliot Farmer, Crescent Jicol, K. Petrini
Music expertise has been shown to enhance emotion recognition from speech prosody. Yet, it is currently unclear whether music training enhances the recognition of emotions through other communicative modalities such as vision and whether it enhances the feeling of such emotions. Musicians and nonmusicians were presented with visual, auditory, and audiovisual clips consisting of the biological motion and speech prosody of two agents interacting. Participants judged as quickly as possible whether the expressed emotion was happiness or anger, and subsequently indicated whether they also felt the emotion they had perceived. Measures of accuracy and reaction time were collected from the emotion recognition judgements, while yes/no responses were collected as indication of felt emotions. Musicians were more accurate than nonmusicians at recognizing emotion in the auditory-only condition, but not in the visual-only or audiovisual conditions. Although music training enhanced recognition of emotion through sound, it did not affect the felt emotion. These findings indicate that emotional processing in music and language may use overlapping but also divergent resources, or that some aspects of emotional processing are less responsive to music training than others. Hence music training may be an effective rehabilitative device for interpreting others’ emotion through speech.
音乐专业知识已被证明可以从语音韵律中增强情感识别。然而,目前尚不清楚音乐训练是否通过视觉等其他交流方式增强了对情绪的识别,以及它是否增强了这种情绪的感觉。向音乐家和非音乐家呈现视觉、听觉和视听剪辑,这些剪辑由两个交互主体的生物运动和语音韵律组成。参与者尽快判断所表达的情绪是快乐还是愤怒,然后指出他们是否也感受到了自己所感知的情绪。准确性和反应时间的测量是从情绪识别判断中收集的,而是/否反应是作为感觉情绪的指示收集的。音乐家在仅听觉条件下比非音乐家更准确地识别情绪,但在仅视觉或视听条件下则不然。尽管音乐训练通过声音增强了对情绪的识别,但它并不影响所感受到的情绪。这些发现表明,音乐和语言中的情绪处理可能使用重叠但又不同的资源,或者情绪处理的某些方面对音乐训练的反应不如其他方面。因此,音乐训练可能是一种通过言语来解读他人情绪的有效康复手段。
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引用次数: 5
Response to Invited Commentaries on The Territory Between Speech and Song 对《演讲与歌曲之间的地域》特邀评论的回应
IF 2.3 2区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-03-11 DOI: 10.1525/MP.2020.37.4.366
Fred Cummins
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引用次数: 0
Sensorimotor synchronisation with higher metrical levels in music shortens perceived time. 音乐中具有较高韵律水平的感觉运动同步缩短了感知时间。
IF 2.3 2区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-03-11 DOI: 10.1525/MP.2020.37.4.263
David Hammerschmidt, Clemens Wöllner
The aim of the present study was to investigate if the perception of time is affected by actively attending to different metrical levels in musical rhythmic patterns. In an experiment with a repeated-measures design, musicians and non-musicians were presented with musical rhythmic patterns played at three different tempi. They synchronised with multiple metrical levels (half notes, quarter notes, eighth notes) of these patterns using a finger-tapping paradigm and listened without tapping. After each trial, stimulus duration was judged using a verbal estimation paradigm. Results show that the metrical level participants synchronised with influenced perceived time: actively attending to a higher metrical level (half notes, longer inter-tap intervals) led to the shortest time estimations, hence time was experienced as passing more quickly. Listening without tapping led to the longest time estimations. The faster the tempo of the patterns, the longer the time estimation. While there were no differences between musicians and non-musicians, those participants who tapped more consistently and accurately (as analysed by circular statistics) estimated durations to be shorter. Thus, attending to different metrical levels in music, by deliberately directing attention and motor activity, affects time perception.
本研究的目的是调查积极关注音乐节奏模式中的不同韵律水平是否会影响对时间的感知。在一个重复测量设计的实验中,音乐家和非音乐家被呈现出以三种不同的节奏演奏的音乐节奏模式。他们使用手指敲击模式与这些模式的多个韵律级别(半音、四分之一音、八分之一音)同步,并在不敲击的情况下进行聆听。每次试验后,使用言语估计范式来判断刺激持续时间。结果表明,韵律水平的参与者与受影响的感知时间同步:积极关注更高的韵律水平(半音符,更长的敲击间隔)会导致最短的时间估计,因此时间过得更快。听而不敲会得到最长的时间估计。模式的节奏越快,时间估计就越长。虽然音乐家和非音乐家之间没有差异,但那些敲击更一致、更准确(通过循环统计分析)的参与者估计持续时间更短。因此,通过刻意引导注意力和运动活动,注意音乐中不同的韵律水平,会影响时间感知。
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引用次数: 19
Joint Speech and Its Relation to Joint Action 共同言语及其与共同行为的关系
IF 2.3 2区 心理学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-03-11 DOI: 10.1525/MP.2020.37.4.359
F. Russo
In his article “The Territory Between Speech and Song: A Joint Speech Perspective,” Cummins (2020) argues that research has failed to adequately recognize an important category of vocal activity that falls outside of the domains of language and music, at least as they are typically defined. This category, referred to by Cummins as joint speech, spans a range of vocal activity so broad that it is not possible to define it using musical or phonetic terms. Instead, the feature that draws the varied examples together is vocal activity that is coordinated across participants and embedded in a physical and social context. In this invited commentary, I argue that although joint speech adds an important thread to the discourse on the relations between speech and song by putting an emphasis on the collective, it is ultimately related to a wider class of joint action phenomena found in the animal kingdom.
Cummins(2020)在他的文章《言语和歌曲之间的领域:联合言语视角》中认为,研究未能充分认识到语言和音乐领域之外的一个重要的声乐活动类别,至少在它们通常被定义的情况下是这样。这一类别被Cummins称为联合言语,涵盖了一系列广泛的声乐活动,以至于无法用音乐或语音术语来定义它。相反,将不同的例子结合在一起的特征是声音活动,它在参与者之间进行协调,并嵌入身体和社会环境中。在这篇受邀的评论中,我认为,尽管联合演讲通过强调集体,为关于演讲和歌曲之间关系的讨论增加了一条重要的线索,但它最终与动物王国中更广泛的联合行动现象有关。
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引用次数: 1
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Music Perception
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