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Genealogy Beyond Critique: Foucault’s Discipline and Punish as Coalitional Worldmaking 超越批判的宗谱:福柯的惩戒与惩罚作为联合世界的形成
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.1177/00905917221103296
Luke Ilott
Michel Foucault was an energetic activist, yet his bleak depiction of totalizing power and his refusal to make normative claims have led many to judge that Discipline and Punish (1975) did not sustain a positive political project. This article offers a new, contextualist account of Foucault’s political purposes by reading Discipline and Punish as a tool for coalition building through historical worldmaking. Addressing the division and marginalization of movements on France’s “alternative left” like feminism and gay liberation, Foucault wove together their differentiated concerns into a shared historical world. His apparently demoralizing identification of the same forms of power everywhere in fact revealed new possibilities for alliance. Focusing on Foucault’s unifying historical narratives reveals a positive project beyond the negative, denaturalizing “critique of power” we usually associate with his political thought. Foucault’s coalitional work of worldmaking may offer a model for genealogical political theory today.
米歇尔·福柯是一位充满活力的活动家,但他对权力总量的悲观描述以及他拒绝提出规范性主张,导致许多人认为《纪律与惩罚》(1975)并没有维持一个积极的政治项目。本文通过阅读《纪律与惩罚》作为通过历史世界制造建立联盟的工具,对福柯的政治目的进行了一种新的、情境主义的描述。针对女权主义和同性恋解放等法国“另类左翼”运动的分裂和边缘化,福柯将他们不同的关注编织成一个共同的历史世界。他显然对世界各地相同形式的权力的认同令人沮丧,事实上揭示了结盟的新可能性。关注福柯统一的历史叙事揭示了一个超越消极的、变性的“权力批判”的积极项目,我们通常将其与他的政治思想联系在一起。福柯的世界创造联盟工作可能为今天的谱系政治理论提供一个模式。
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引用次数: 2
“We Will Not Bow”: The Late King’s Black Faith “我们不会屈服”:已故国王的黑人信仰
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1177/00905917221095082
Isak Tranvik
This essay turns to the late thought of Martin Luther King Jr. to bring matters of faith back into debates about dissent in liberal democracies. Drawing on unpublished speeches as well as scholarship in Black theology, religious studies, and political theory, I contend that the post-1965 King is not as interested in moral or pragmatic principles as many democratic theorists think. The late King’s movement, I argue, is animated by what Black liberation theologian James Cone calls “black faith.” Manifesting Jesus’s liberating love—a love that the late King believes already transformed and was still transforming the world—this movement with the poor and dispossessed is caring yet forceful, quotidian yet spectacular, and nonviolent yet revolutionary. Foregrounding the late King’s black faith and the movement it animates, I conclude, opens up new horizons for theorizing dissent.
这篇文章转向马丁·路德·金的晚期思想,将信仰问题带回自由民主国家关于异见的辩论中。根据未发表的演讲以及黑人神学、宗教研究和政治理论方面的学术成果,我认为这位1965年后的国王对道德或务实原则并不像许多民主理论家想象的那样感兴趣。我认为,已故国王的运动是由黑人解放神学家詹姆斯·科恩所说的“黑人信仰”所推动的。体现耶稣的解放之爱——已故国王认为这种爱已经改变了世界,而且仍在改变世界——这场针对穷人和被剥夺者的运动是关爱而有力的,日常而壮观的,非暴力而革命性的。我总结道,为已故国王的黑人信仰及其引发的运动做铺垫,为异议理论开辟了新的视野。
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引用次数: 1
From Love to Care: Arendt’s Amor Mundi in the Ethical Turn 从爱到关怀:阿伦特的道德转向中的阿莫尔·蒙迪
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1177/00905917221097426
Lucie Ferguson
This article offers a novel account of a key concept in Hannah Arendt’s political thought: amor mundi. In political theory’s ethical turn, theorists have increasingly turned to amor mundi as a source of ethical guidance and inspiration for politics. However, in doing so, they have elided Arendt’s distinct understanding of care. This article recovers Arendt’s understanding of amor mundi as care for the world by reconstructing the central concerns of her dissertation, Der Liebesbegriff bei Augustin, and tracing them to the “Crisis” essays of Between Past and Future. It shows that amor mundi emerges in the dissertation as part of a question: if love is our fundamental orientation toward the world, how can we love the world without instrumentalizing it? The two “Crisis” essays provide the following answer: if love is to avoid—and perhaps militate against—the instrumentalization of the world, it must take the form of care. Following this analysis, this article contends that the contribution of amor mundi to the ethical turn is best understood, not as the ethos needed to guide action in the political realm, but as a key pre- or nonpolitical ethos needed to conserve the world where politics takes place—and thus the very possibility of politics.
这篇文章对汉娜·阿伦特政治思想中的一个关键概念——阿莫尔·蒙迪进行了新颖的描述。在政治理论的伦理转向中,理论家们越来越多地将阿莫蒙迪作为政治的伦理指导和灵感来源。然而,在这样做的过程中,他们忽略了阿伦特对关怀的独特理解。本文通过对阿伦特论文《奥古斯丁》的中心关注点进行重构,并追溯到《过去与未来之间》的“危机”散文,恢复了阿伦特对世界关爱的理解。这表明阿莫尔·蒙迪在论文中是作为一个问题的一部分出现的:如果爱是我们对世界的基本取向,那么我们如何在不将其工具化的情况下爱这个世界?这两篇《危机》文章提供了以下答案:如果爱是为了避免——也许是为了对抗——世界的工具化,它必须采取关怀的形式。根据这一分析,本文认为,阿莫尔·蒙迪对道德转向的贡献最好被理解为,不是指导政治领域行动所需的精神气质,而是保护政治发生的世界所需的一种关键的前政治或非政治精神气质,从而保护政治的可能性。
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引用次数: 3
Eugene Debs and the Socialist Republic 尤金·德布斯与社会主义共和国
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1177/00905917221095084
Tom O’Shea
I reconstruct the civic republican foundations of Eugene Debs’s socialist critique of capitalism, demonstrating how he uses a neo-roman conception of freedom to condemn waged labour. Debs is also shown to build upon this neo-roman liberty in his socialist republican objections to the plutocratic capture of the law and threats of violence faced by the labour movement. This Debsian socialist republicanism can be seen to rest on an ambitious understanding of the demands of citizen sovereignty and civic solidarity. While Debs shares some of the commitments of earlier American labour republican critics of capitalism, he departs from them in his thoroughgoing commitment to common democratic ownership of productive property. His socialist republicanism remains valuable today for its ability to illuminate features of plutocratic control, judicial autocracy, and the regime of property best suited to suppressing economic domination. I conclude that Debs not only deserves a prominent place in an emerging radical republican canon but presents a distinctive contrast with many of his Marxist contemporaries and offers a compelling challenge to recent liberal, plebeian, and socialist forms of republicanism.
我重建了尤金·德布斯(Eugene Debs)对资本主义的社会主义批判的公民共和基础,展示了他如何使用新罗马的自由概念来谴责有偿劳动。德布斯在他的社会主义共和主义反对财阀控制法律和工人运动所面临的暴力威胁时,也表现出了建立在这种新罗马自由的基础上。这种德比斯的社会主义共和主义可以被看作是建立在对公民主权和公民团结要求的雄心勃勃的理解之上的。尽管德布斯与早期美国劳工共和主义者对资本主义的批评有一些相同之处,但他与之不同的是,他完全致力于生产财产的共同民主所有制。他的社会主义共和主义在今天仍然很有价值,因为它能够阐明财阀控制、司法专制和最适合压制经济统治的财产制度的特点。我的结论是,德布斯不仅应该在新兴的激进共和主义经典中占有突出地位,而且与他的许多马克思主义同时代人形成鲜明对比,并对最近的自由主义、平民主义和社会主义形式的共和主义提出了令人信服的挑战。
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引用次数: 1
Geographic Legislative Constituencies: A Defense 地理立法选区:辩护
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.1177/00905917221103298
Marcus Carlsen Häggrot
Many democracies use geographic constituencies to elect some or all of their legislators. Furthermore, many people regard this as desirable in a noncomparative sense, thinking that local constituencies are not necessarily superior to other schemes but are nevertheless attractive when considered on their own merits. Yet, this position of noncomparative constituency localism is now under philosophical pressure as local constituencies have recently attracted severe criticism. This article examines how damaging this recent criticism is, and argues that within limits, noncomparative constituency localism remains philosophically tenable despite the criticisms. The article shows that noncomparative constituency localism is compelling in the first place because geographic constituencies foster partisan voter mobilisation, and practices of constituency service help to sustain deliberation among constituents and within the legislature and promote the realisation of equal opportunity for political influence. The article further argues that it is unwarranted to criticise geographic constituencies for being biased against geographically dispersed voter groups, for causing vote-seat disproportionality, and for being vulnerable to gerrymandering. The article also discusses the criticisms that local constituencies may pose risks of inefficiency and injustice in resource allocation decisions, may lead legislators to neglect the common good, and may limit citizens’ control over the political agenda. Whilst conceding that these objections may be valid, the article argues that they do not outweigh the diverse and normatively weighty considerations speaking in favour of noncomparative constituency localism. Finally, the article’s analysis is defended against several variants of the charge that it exaggerates the benefits of geographic constituencies.
许多民主国家利用地理选区选举部分或全部立法者。此外,许多人认为这在非竞争意义上是可取的,认为地方选区不一定比其他方案优越,但从其自身优点来看,仍然具有吸引力。然而,由于地方选区最近受到了严厉的批评,这种非对立选区地方主义的立场现在受到了哲学压力。这篇文章考察了最近的批评有多大的破坏性,并认为在一定范围内,尽管有批评,非对立的选区地方主义在哲学上仍然是站得住脚的。文章表明,非竞争性选区地方主义首先是令人信服的,因为地理选区促进了党派选民的动员,而选区服务的做法有助于维持选民之间和立法机构内部的审议,并促进实现政治影响力的平等机会。文章进一步认为,批评地理选区对地理上分散的选民群体有偏见,造成选票席位不均衡,以及容易受到选区划分不公的影响,是没有道理的。文章还讨论了一些批评,即地方选区可能会在资源分配决策中带来效率低下和不公正的风险,可能导致立法者忽视共同利益,并可能限制公民对政治议程的控制。虽然承认这些反对意见可能是有效的,但文章认为,它们并没有超过支持非对立选区地方主义的各种各样的、规范性的重大考虑。最后,文章的分析针对夸大地理选区利益的指控的几种变体进行了辩护。
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引用次数: 0
Review Essay: The End of Environmental Political Theory As We Know It 评论文章:我们所知的环境政治理论的终结
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-24 DOI: 10.1177/00905917221091554
Alyssa Battistoni
While most of Political Theory ’s 50th anniversary issue looks forward to imagining political theory in the future, the Book Review section looks backward to consider those books and schools of political theory not reviewed on the pages of the journal—but which went on to shape the field nonetheless. The aim of this section is not to constitute a new and newly virtuous canon, but rather to goad readers to reflect anew on knowledge production and the institutional and circulatory practices that compose it, reaching from journal readers, to classrooms and conferences, and on to late night conversations and confabulations. The
《政治理论》50周年纪念版的大部分内容都期待着对未来政治理论的想象,而《书评》部分则回顾了那些没有在杂志上发表评论的书籍和政治理论流派,尽管如此,这些书籍和学派还是塑造了这一领域。本节的目的不是构建一个新的、新的道德准则,而是激励读者重新思考知识生产以及构成知识生产的制度和循环实践,从期刊读者到课堂和会议,再到深夜的对话和对话。这个
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引用次数: 0
The Aesthetic Habermas: Communicative Power and Judgment 审美哈贝马斯:交际能力与判断
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.1177/00905917221092412
Glenn Mackin
Since the publication of Between Facts and Norms, Habermas’s concept of communicative power has been the topic of significant discussion. This article contributes to this conversation by examining Habermas’s account of what makes communication powerful. I argue that Habermas’s conception of communicative power describes a nonviolent and noninstrumental mode of acting and being with others in language. This mode of engagement underwrites a conception of power that is structurally different from willing, one that builds meaningful worlds and (trans-)forms those engaging in communicative procedures. In drawing out this aspect of Habermas’s conception, I show that he is not a rationalist and proceduralist whose account of communicative procedures protects decision-making from irrational aesthetic powers. Rather, he presents communication as a mimetic achievement, a set of aesthetic practices and experiences that affectively alter its participants. With this position, Habermas makes an important contribution to and not just against the analysis of the aesthetic dimensions of political life. In casting communication as a mimetic achievement, Habermas presents an account of how communication opens worlds and forms subjects. Yet since these aspects of communication arrive in linguistic form, he can also examine affective and aesthetic experiences within discursive procedures. We can understand world-opening and aesthetic (trans-)formation as an essential part of democratic politics while also identifying the perspectives and resources by which actors can reflect on and critically evaluate whether an opinion is justified or whether a political project is worth pursuing.
自《事实与规范之间》出版以来,哈贝马斯的交际权力概念一直是人们讨论的重要话题。这篇文章通过研究哈贝马斯关于是什么让沟通变得强大的解释,为这一对话做出了贡献。我认为,哈贝马斯的交际权力概念描述了一种非暴力的、非工具的行为模式,以及在语言中与他人相处的模式。这种参与模式支持的权力概念在结构上不同于意愿,它建立了有意义的世界,并(转化)形成了参与交流过程的人。在描绘哈贝马斯概念的这一方面时,我表明他不是一个理性主义者和程序主义者,他对交流过程的描述保护了决策免受非理性审美力量的影响。相反,他将交流视为一种模仿的成就,一套能有效改变参与者的美学实践和体验。在这一立场上,哈贝马斯对政治生活的美学维度的分析做出了重要贡献,而不仅仅是反对。哈贝马斯将交流视为一种模仿的成就,他提出了一种关于交流如何打开世界和形成主体的描述。然而,由于交流的这些方面以语言形式出现,他也可以在话语过程中研究情感和审美经验。我们可以将世界开放和审美(转变)理解为民主政治的重要组成部分,同时也可以确定参与者可以反思和批判性评估意见是否合理或政治项目是否值得追求的观点和资源。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond Parliament: Gandhian Democracy and Postcolonial Founding 超越议会:甘地民主与后殖民建国
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/00905917221092821
Tejas Parasher
Through a study of Gandhian political writings in mid-twentieth-century India, this article explores the neglected question of how the issue of representative democracy shaped anticolonial thought. The rise of a Gandhian perspective on electoral representation was made possible by the account of modern democracy given in Gandhi’s "Hind Swaraj" (1909). From the 1930s, four key Indian thinkers influenced by Gandhi expanded on "Hind Swaraj" to argue that capitalist economics were a threat to democratic equality and produced the kinds of unaccountability and elite capture of legislatures that they identified in Western European parliamentary states. In response, Gandhian thinkers developed proposals for federalist postcolonial constitutions, combining a system of participatory legislative councils with collectivist agrarian socialism. I trace the intellectual origins of Gandhian democratic thought in the 1930s and 1940s and outline how its main proponents articulated ideas of antiparliamentarism and moral economics. Revisiting the Gandhian tradition, I suggest, highlights the importance of economic ethics in participatory theories of democracy and popular sovereignty.
本文通过对20世纪中期印度甘地政治著作的研究,探讨了代议制民主问题如何塑造反殖民思想这一被忽视的问题。甘地的《Hind Swaraj》(1909年)对现代民主的描述使甘地对选举代表权的看法得以兴起。从20世纪30年代起,受甘地影响的四位主要印度思想家扩展了“Hind Swaraj”的观点,认为资本主义经济是对民主平等的威胁,并产生了他们在西欧议会国家认定的对立法机构的不负责任和精英俘获。作为回应,甘地思想家提出了联邦制后殖民宪法的建议,将参与式立法委员会制度与集体主义农业社会主义相结合。我追溯了20世纪30年代和40年代甘地民主思想的思想起源,并概述了其主要支持者如何阐述反议会主义和道德经济学的思想。我认为,重温甘地的传统,突出了经济伦理在民主和人民主权参与理论中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: The Humanity of Universal Crime: Inclusion, Inequality, and Intervention in International Political Thought, by Sinja Graf 书评:《普遍犯罪的人性:国际政治思想中的包容、不平等和干预》,作者:辛加·格拉夫
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.1177/00905917221085605
S. Seth
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Seeing Like an Activist: Civil Disobedience and the Civil Rights Movement, by Erin Pineda 书评:《像一个活动家一样看:公民不服从和民权运动》,作者:艾琳·皮内达
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.1177/00905917221082639
Deva Woodly
of Arendt’s archival “heroes” (107), uniquely exemplified in Honig’s analysis by Arendt’s exclusion of Ali from her discussions of civil disobedience in the 1970s. The example suggests the ways in which exclusion can clarify the value of refusal. Honig’s notes are extensive and need to be read. I would have liked a bibliography. The book’s intended audiences include political theorists, feminist scholars, and classicists, although the latter may put up some resistance. But this potential resistance simultaneously illustrates the ways in which, as Honig says, “refusal is generative” (107).
阿伦特的档案“英雄”(107),在霍尼格的分析中,阿伦特在20世纪70年代将阿里排除在她关于公民抗命的讨论之外,这是一个独特的例子。这个例子提出了排除可以阐明拒绝价值的方法。霍尼格的笔记内容丰富,需要阅读。我本来想要一本参考书目的。这本书的目标读者包括政治理论家、女权主义学者和古典主义者,尽管后者可能会提出一些阻力。但正如霍尼格所说,这种潜在的阻力同时说明了“拒绝是生成性的”(107)。
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引用次数: 0
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Political Theory
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