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“His Is a Reverent Vandalism”: Alain Locke’s Aesthetics and Fugitive Democracy “这是一种虔诚的破坏”:洛克的美学与逃亡的民主
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.1177/00905917231156630
M. Rose
Several contemporary scholars have embraced the aesthetic resources in the Black Radical Tradition for the purpose of revitalizing the democratic project. Ironically, however, many drawn to the radical potential of fugitive escape are concerned about flight or exodus from the democratic project itself resulting in a defense of politics that constricts the possible benefits of fugitive aesthetics for democratic life. This article draws on the work of Alain Locke, a key figure of the Harlem Renaissance, to suggest another way in which we might follow Black fugitive aesthetics. Through an engagement with Locke, I theorize the notion of a fugitive bearing associated with a set of sensibilities that we might cultivate in order to approach the task of democratic transformation as a “reverent vandalism.” This article also challenges dismissive readings of Locke’s aestheticism by closely reexamining his commitment to expressive autonomy in connection with his theory of democracy. His “New Negro” avant-garde, like the fugitive, remains tethered to political life even while seeking a freedom that is unavailable within the strictures of the standing normative order.
几位当代学者为了振兴民主工程,接受了黑人激进传统中的美学资源。然而,具有讽刺意味的是,许多被逃亡的激进潜力所吸引的人担心逃离或逃离民主项目本身,从而导致对政治的辩护,从而限制了逃亡美学对民主生活的可能好处。这篇文章借鉴了哈莱姆文艺复兴时期的关键人物阿兰·洛克的作品,提出了我们可以遵循黑人逃亡美学的另一种方式。通过与洛克的接触,我将逃亡者的概念与我们可能培养的一系列情感联系起来,从而将民主转型的任务视为“虔诚的破坏行为”。这篇文章还通过仔细地重新审视洛克对表达自主的承诺和他的民主理论,挑战了对洛克唯美主义的轻蔑解读。他的“新黑人”先锋派,就像逃亡者一样,仍然与政治生活息息相关,即使在寻求一种在现行规范秩序的限制下无法获得的自由。
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引用次数: 0
From Dynamite Hill to The Black Power Mixtape: Angela Davis on the Violence/Nonviolence Binary and the Mediation of Black Political Thought 从《炸药山》到《黑人权力》:安吉拉·戴维斯谈暴力/非暴力二元对立和黑人政治思想的调解
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1177/00905917231155291
Lisa Beard
This essay explores the archive of a 1971 interview of Angela Davis by Swedish journalist Bo Holmström—recorded in Santa Clara County Jail where Davis awaited trial—to examine the relationship between Black radical thought and its social and intellectual mediation, especially when it comes to questions of violence versus nonviolence. Where Holmström invokes the “violence/nonviolence” binary in the interview, Davis pointedly resists its distortions, restoring the record of contemporary and historical conditions of racial terror that both necessitate and criminalize Black self-defense. Decades later, the interview was filtered through the violence/nonviolence binary in editing for the acclaimed 2011 documentary, The Black Power Mixtape 1967-1975, with Davis’s wider conversation with Holmström not only abridged but remixed into a shorter exchange on armed self-defense. Studying the interview from its conditions of possibility through its later remixing, and reading it together with her opening defense statement (1972) and later speeches and writings, the essay excavates and explicates Davis’s original theoretical interventions and indexes a cluster of forces that mediate Black radical thought, Black women’s radical thought more specifically, and prison texts. The final section historicizes Davis’s theorization of the spatial and relational contexts of Black self-defense in Dynamite Hill, Alabama, and in California, and contends that her incisive interventions into the violence/nonviolence binary in 1971 remain critical here and now.
本文探讨了1971年瑞典记者Bo·霍尔姆斯特罗姆对安吉拉·戴维斯的采访档案,该采访记录在圣克拉拉县监狱,戴维斯在那里等待审判,以研究黑人激进思想与其社会和智力调解之间的关系,尤其是在暴力与非暴力问题上。Holmström在采访中援引了“暴力/非暴力”二元对立,Davis尖锐地抵制了其扭曲,恢复了种族恐怖的当代和历史条件的记录,这些条件既需要黑人自卫,也将其定为犯罪。几十年后,在2011年广受好评的纪录片《1967年至1975年的黑人力量混音带》的编辑中,采访被暴力/非暴力二元过滤掉,戴维斯与霍尔姆斯特伦的更广泛对话不仅被删减,而且被重新混合成了一段关于武装自卫的简短交流。本文从采访的可能性条件到后来的重新组合进行了研究,并将其与她的开场辩护词(1972年)以及后来的演讲和写作一起阅读,挖掘和阐释了戴维斯最初的理论干预,并索引了一组中介黑人激进思想的力量,更具体地说,以及监狱短信。最后一节历史化了戴维斯对阿拉巴马州Dynamite Hill和加利福尼亚州黑人自卫的空间和关系背景的理论,并认为她在1971年对暴力/非暴力二元对立的深刻干预现在仍然至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Cosmology and Vigilance: Political Vanguardism in Saint-Simon and Blanqui 宇宙学与警戒:《圣西门与布兰基》中的政治先锋主义
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/00905917231157468
William R. Cameron
This paper re-examines the idea of political vanguardism—long consigned to the dustbin of defunct scientific socialist ideology—to shed light on the theory of democratic representation. The discussion connects the use of the term “vanguard” by two prominent early socialist thinkers to what it terms the “cosmological” dimension of their writings. It shows how each author figured vanguard agency as fomenting different visions of the intellectual progress required for representative government, and that these visions were sustained by analogies to the origin and development of astronomical objects. The “utopian” socialist Henri Saint-Simon (1770–1825) first invoked the vanguard metaphor to describe a way of thinking about scientific progress that would naturalize a new governing elite. The revolutionary communist Auguste Blanqui (1805–1881) then appropriated the vanguard idea to reimagine scientific authority in a way that would preserve and expand citizens’ capacities to hold their representatives accountable. The article pursues three goals. First, it provides a revisionist history of well-known scientistic attempts to stabilize mass democracy in the nineteenth century, revealing how claims to scientific authority were contested from within a socialist republican tradition usually seen as complicit in such agency-inhibiting ideologies. Second, the concept of vanguardism it reconstructs from this history, as a response to the “usurpation” of a vigilant attitude between citizens and office holders, offers new resources for theorizing democratic representation. Finally, it draws attention to the importance of cosmological rhetoric in the history of modern republican and socialist political thought.
本文重新审视了长期被丢弃在已不复存在的科学社会主义意识形态垃圾箱中的政治先锋主义思想,以阐明民主代表制理论。这场讨论将两位著名的早期社会主义思想家对“先锋”一词的使用与他们著作中的“宇宙学”维度联系起来。它展示了每一位作者如何将先锋机构视为对代议制政府所需的智力进步的不同愿景,并且这些愿景是通过类比天体的起源和发展来维持的。“乌托邦”社会主义者亨利·圣西蒙(1770–1825)首次引用先锋隐喻来描述一种思考科学进步的方式,这种方式将使新的统治精英入籍。革命共产主义者奥古斯特·布兰奎(1805-1881)随后利用先锋思想重新构想科学权威,以维护和扩大公民追究其代表责任的能力。这篇文章追求三个目标。首先,它提供了一部修正主义历史,讲述了19世纪为稳定大众民主而进行的著名的科学主义尝试,揭示了在社会主义共和传统中,对科学权威的主张是如何受到质疑的,而社会主义共和传统通常被视为这种机构抑制意识形态的同谋。其次,它从这段历史中重建的先锋主义概念,作为对公民和公职人员之间“篡夺”警惕态度的回应,为民主代表理论化提供了新的资源。最后,它提请注意宇宙学修辞在现代共和和社会主义政治思想史上的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Rifle Theory: Engels and the History of Technology 步枪理论:恩格斯与技术史
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/00905917231155277
M. Shafer
Friedrich Engels’s “History of the Rifle” was among the longest and most detailed studies of technological development that either he or Marx produced. Yet the piece has been almost entirely forgotten. I recover Engels’s essay as a model for the historiography of technology and for the study of the politics of the technical object today, demonstrating its continuity with the larger critical project he was engaged in with Marx in these years. In a famous footnote to Capital, Marx suggested that the method appropriate to a “critical history of technology” in society should be developed by analogy to Darwin’s revolutionary history of organic life. I show that Engels’s study of the rifle works out such a method in practice, recasting technological development as a nondeterministic interplay between the successive mutations of the artifact and the pressures of its social environment. Moreover, Engels’s technological materialism has a socially engaged and emancipatory end, for it is here directed against a particularly pernicious form of the commodity fetish: the fetishism of weapons.
弗里德里希·恩格斯的《步枪史》是他或马克思对技术发展进行的最长、最详细的研究之一。然而,这篇文章几乎被完全遗忘了。我把恩格斯的文章作为今天技术史学和技术对象政治研究的典范,证明了它与他这些年与马克思一起从事的更大的批判项目的连续性。在《资本论》的一个著名脚注中,马克思建议,适合社会“技术批判史”的方法应该通过类比达尔文的有机生命革命史来发展。我表明,恩格斯对步枪的研究在实践中找到了这样一种方法,将技术发展重塑为人工制品的连续突变与其社会环境压力之间的不确定性相互作用。此外,恩格斯的技术唯物主义有一个社会参与和解放的目的,因为它在这里针对的是一种特别有害的商品恋物癖形式:武器恋物癖。
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引用次数: 0
A Jihadi Critique of the Modern State: Abū Qatāda in Conversation with Decolonial and (neo-)Marxist Thought 现代国家的圣战批判:阿布卡塔与非殖民化和(新)马克思主义思想的对话
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1177/00905917231155289
Jaan S. Islam
This paper analyzes the reception of decolonial and neo-Marxist thought in a jihadist critique of the modern state. The author argues that a study of Abū Qatāda al-Filisṭīnī, a prominent theorist of modern Jihadism and Salafism, reveals his nuanced interaction with theories of hegemony, ideology, and decolonization. An examination of Abū Qatāda’s critique of modern state institutions and ideology shows that he engages with philosophical critiques of sovereignty, hegemony, capitalism, and the nation-state and utilizes both neo-Marxist and decolonial thought. This paper explores how Abū Qatāda theorizes the modern state as a colonial project, leading him to rationalize jihad, or violent resistance, as the only solution to realize paradigmatic change. It further shows how Abū Qatāda justifies opposition to the modern state and hegemony with seamless deployment of scripture and Islamic jurisprudence and insists that his political project builds on premodern Islamic theories of knowledge and government necessary for decolonization, albeit often without offering details. This study reveals a feature of jihadist thought that has remained largely unnoticed in the literature and is the first to explore the interactions between Salafism and critiques of the modern state.
本文分析了非殖民化和新马克思主义思想在圣战主义对现代国家的批判中的接受。作者认为,对AbúQatāda al-Filis的研究ṭīnī是现代圣战主义和萨拉菲主义的杰出理论家,他揭示了他与霸权、意识形态和非殖民化理论的微妙互动。对阿布卡塔对现代国家制度和意识形态的批判表明,他对主权、霸权、资本主义和民族国家进行了哲学批判,并运用了新马克思主义和非殖民化思想。本文探讨了阿布·卡塔达如何将现代国家理论化为一个殖民项目,使他将圣战或暴力抵抗合理化,作为实现范式变革的唯一解决方案。它进一步展示了阿布卡塔如何通过无缝部署圣经和伊斯兰法学来证明反对现代国家和霸权的合理性,并坚称他的政治项目建立在非殖民化所需的前现代伊斯兰知识和政府理论之上,尽管通常没有提供细节。这项研究揭示了圣战主义思想的一个特征,这一特征在文献中基本上没有被注意到,也是第一次探索萨拉菲主义与现代国家批评之间的互动。
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引用次数: 1
Migration and Demos in the Democratic Firm: An Extension of the State-Firm Analogy 民主企业中的移民与民众:对国有企业类比的延伸
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/00905917231154422
P. Cockburn, Jonathan Preminger
Debates around the state-firm analogy as a route to justifying workplace democracy tend toward a static view of both state and firm and position workplace democracy as the objective. We contend, however, that states and firms are connected in ways that should alter the terms of the debate, and that the achievement of workplace democracy raises a new set of political issues about the demos in the democratic firm and “worker migration” at the boundaries of the firm. Our argument thus contains two key steps: first, drawing on an empirical case study of a worker-owned firm, we enrich the state-firm analogy by developing a more dynamic view of both, focusing on the creation of workplace democracies, worker movement in and out of them, the dynamic meanings of “citizenship” within them, and the status of the unemployed in a world of democratic workplaces. Second, we then argue that in moving to a more sociological view of the state, the things we were comparing begin to show their real-world connections to one another. By going beyond the idealized view of states that has distorted the state-firm analogy debates, we arrive at a more robust view of how widespread workplace democracy might reconfigure basic political relationships in society.
围绕国有企业类比作为证明工作场所民主的途径的辩论倾向于对国家和企业的静态看法,并将工作场所民主定位为目标。然而,我们认为,国家和公司之间的联系应该改变辩论的条件,工作场所民主的实现引发了一系列新的政治问题,涉及民主公司的民众和公司边界的“工人移民”。因此,我们的论点包含两个关键步骤:首先,根据一个工人所有的公司的实证案例研究,我们通过对两者发展更具活力的观点来丰富国有企业的类比,重点关注工作场所民主的创建、工人进出民主的运动、其中“公民身份”的动态含义,以及失业者在民主工作场所世界中的地位。其次,我们认为,在转向更具社会学意义的国家观时,我们所比较的事物开始显示出它们在现实世界中的相互联系。通过超越扭曲了国有企业类比辩论的理想化国家观,我们对广泛的工作场所民主可能如何重新配置社会中的基本政治关系达成了更有力的看法。
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引用次数: 0
Reviving Metapersonal Charisma in Max Weber 马克斯·韦伯的元人格魅力复兴
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/00905917221129632
M. Barisione
More than a century after Max Weber’s Vocation Lectures, the idea of charisma is still commonly associated with a leader’s personal qualities. This personalistic and—as I argue—simplistic understanding of the Weberian theory of charisma was perpetuated, especially in leadership studies, during the twentieth century by political scientists, social psychologists, and sociologists. Generally overlooked is the fact that the Weberian notion of charisma comprises diverse and fundamental metapersonal meanings that transcend individual qualities and revolve, among other things, around a specific combination of public positions, temporal contexts, and collective expectations. After framing the ambivalence of the concept of charisma within more fundamental and fertile ambivalences of Max Weber’s epistemological approach, this article demonstrates that metapersonal understandings of charisma actually prevailed in Weber’s writings prior to his late—and pedagogical—Vocation Lectures and series of newspaper articles. In the final part, I deduce from Weber’s writings a repertoire of metapersonal forms of charisma in politics, and I conclude that, when contemporary political leaders seek to activate such charismatic processes in order to pursue essentially charismatic forms of legitimation, important implications can arise regarding the unstable balance among liberal democracies, populisms, and authoritarianisms.
在马克斯·韦伯的职业演讲一个多世纪后,魅力的概念仍然普遍与领导者的个人素质联系在一起。政治学家、社会心理学家和社会学家在20世纪的领导力研究中,尤其是对韦伯里亚魅力理论的这种个人化和简单化的理解一直存在。通常被忽视的事实是,韦伯里亚的魅力观包括多种基本的超个人意义,这些意义超越了个人素质,围绕着公共立场、时间背景和集体期望的特定组合。在将魅力概念的矛盾心理纳入马克斯·韦伯的认识论方法的更基本、更丰富的矛盾心理中之后,本文表明,在韦伯后期的《职业演讲》和一系列报纸文章之前,对魅力的超个人理解实际上在韦伯的作品中占了上风。在最后一部分,我从韦伯的著作中推断出政治中魅力的超个人形式,我得出的结论是,当当代政治领导人试图激活这种魅力过程,以追求本质上具有魅力的合法化形式时,自由民主、民粹主义、,以及威权主义。
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引用次数: 0
Twenty-First-Century Political Theory: A Balance 二十一世纪政治理论:一种平衡
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/00905917221127662
Humberto Beck
This essay is part of a special issue celebrating 50 years of Political Theory. The ambition of the editors was to mark this half century not with a retrospective but with a confabulation of futures. Contributors were asked: What will political theory look and sound like in the next century and beyond? What claims might political theorists or their descendants be making in ten, twenty-five, fifty, a hundred years’ time? How might they vindicate those claims in their future contexts? How will the consistent concerns of political theorists evolve into the questions critical for people decades or centuries from now? What new problems will engage the political theorists (or their rough equivalents) of the future? What forms might those take? What follows is one of the many confabulations published in response to these queries.
这篇文章是庆祝政治理论50周年特刊的一部分。编辑们的雄心不是用回顾来纪念这半个世纪,而是用对未来的对话来纪念。投稿人被问到:在下个世纪及以后,政治理论会是什么样子和声音?十年、二十五年、五十年、一百年后,政治理论家或他们的后代可能会提出什么主张?他们如何在未来的环境中证明这些说法是正确的?几十年或几个世纪后,政治理论家的一贯关注将如何演变成对人们至关重要的问题?未来的政治理论家(或他们的大致对等者)会遇到什么新问题?这些可能采取什么形式?以下是针对这些问题发表的众多对话之一。
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引用次数: 0
Apantli’s Centennial Apantli的百年庆典
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/00905917221128897
Paulina Ochoa Espejo
This essay is part of a special issue celebrating 50 years of Political Theory. The ambition of the editors was to mark this half century not with a retrospective but with a confabulation of futures. Contributors were asked: What will political theory look and sound like in the next century and beyond? What claims might political theorists or their descendants be making in ten, twenty-five, fifty, a hundred years’ time? How might they vindicate those claims in their future contexts? How will the consistent concerns of political theorists evolve into the questions critical for people decades or centuries from now? What new problems will engage the political theorists (or their rough equivalents) of the future? What forms might those take? What follows is one of the many confabulations published in response to these queries.
本文是《政治理论》50周年特刊的一部分。编辑们的雄心不是用回顾,而是用展望未来来纪念这半个世纪。撰稿人被问到:在下个世纪及以后,政治理论会是什么样子?在10年、25年、50年、100年后,政治理论家或他们的后代会提出什么主张?他们如何在未来的语境中证明自己的主张是正确的?几十年或几百年后,政治理论家一贯关注的问题将如何演变成对人们至关重要的问题?未来的政治理论家(或他们的大致等同者)将面临哪些新问题?它们可能采取什么形式?以下是为回应这些问题而发表的众多虚构故事之一。
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引用次数: 0
Post-modern Slavery and Post-human Souls: New History for Old Political Theory 后现代奴隶制与后人类灵魂:旧政治理论的新历史
IF 1.4 2区 社会学 Q2 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/00905917221128889
J. Floyd
This essay is part of a special issue celebrating 50 years of Political Theory. The ambition of the editors was to mark this half century not with a retrospective but with a confabulation of futures. Contributors were asked: What will political theory look and sound like in the next century and beyond? What claims might political theorists or their descendants be making in ten, twenty-five, fifty, a hundred years’ time? How might they vindicate those claims in their future contexts? How will the consistent concerns of political theorists evolve into the questions critical for people decades or centuries from now? What new problems will engage the political theorists (or their rough equivalents) of the future? What forms might those take? What follows is one of the many confabulations published in response to these queries.
本文是《政治理论》50周年特刊的一部分。编辑们的雄心不是用回顾,而是用展望未来来纪念这半个世纪。撰稿人被问到:在下个世纪及以后,政治理论会是什么样子?在10年、25年、50年、100年后,政治理论家或他们的后代会提出什么主张?他们如何在未来的语境中证明自己的主张是正确的?几十年或几百年后,政治理论家一贯关注的问题将如何演变成对人们至关重要的问题?未来的政治理论家(或他们的大致等同者)将面临哪些新问题?它们可能采取什么形式?以下是为回应这些问题而发表的众多虚构故事之一。
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引用次数: 2
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