Theoretical Criminology最新文献

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Who can organize and exercise effective resistance? A southern criminology perspective on the victimology of state crime 谁能组织和行使有效的抵抗力？国家犯罪被害人学的南方犯罪学视角

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.1177/13624806221135598

V. Weis

More than 75 million people were killed in wars, dictatorships and civil conflicts in the 20th century alone. To date, states and international organizations have been regarded as the reliable entities for addressing these atrocities. However, these agencies are often perpetrators (or bystanders) that even deny their crimes. Based on a southern criminology approach, the article examines whether challenging atrocities becomes more feasible if organizations led by the victim-survivors themselves take precedence over established state-based or international entities. The key hypothesis is that the degree of effective resistance is directly related to the degree of victims’ involvement in the process. Moreover, this article will go beyond the state of the art (based on victim participation) by advocating a victim-driven model, where victims’ networks play a leading role that is independent from the state and international organizations.

仅在20世纪，就有超过7500万人在战争、独裁统治和国内冲突中丧生。迄今为止，国家和国际组织一直被视为解决这些暴行的可靠实体。然而，这些机构往往是犯罪者（或旁观者），甚至否认自己的罪行。本文基于南方犯罪学的方法，考察了如果受害者幸存者领导的组织优先于既定的国家或国际实体，那么挑战暴行是否更可行。关键的假设是，有效抵抗的程度与受害者参与过程的程度直接相关。此外，本文将超越现有技术（基于受害者参与），倡导受害者驱动的模式，在这种模式下，受害者网络发挥独立于国家和国际组织的主导作用。

引用次数: 1

Private security and national security: The case of Estonia. 私人安全和国家安全:爱沙尼亚的案例。

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/13624806221099930

Matthew Light, Anne-Marie Singh, Josh Gold

Most studies of private security postulate exclusively internal, primarily economic, causes of the industry's growth and regulation. In contrast, based on the case of post-Soviet Estonia, we investigate how a state's external security environment influences private security. Estonia's tense relations with neighbouring Russia and related pursuit of EU and NATO membership have generated several policies through which private security evolved from a lawless, politically contested industry to a modest, lightly regulated one: (1) the exclusion of public police from private security and an effective campaign against organized crime that together enabled an autonomous and non-criminalized security industry to emerge, (2) free-trade policies that permitted western companies to acquire Estonian security firms, and (3) an 'all-of-nation' approach to national security that promotes comprehensive state-civil society security cooperation. Estonia thus clarifies how high politics shapes private security, while also revealing the factors that make the industry relatively uncontentious in most industrialized democracies.

大多数关于私人安全的研究都只假设了行业增长和监管的内部原因，主要是经济原因。相比之下，基于后苏联时期的爱沙尼亚，我们研究了一个国家的外部安全环境如何影响私人安全。爱沙尼亚与邻国俄罗斯的紧张关系以及对欧盟和北约成员国身份的相关追求产生了一些政策，通过这些政策，私人保安从一个无法无天、政治上有争议的行业演变为一个适度、监管宽松的行业:(1)将公共警察排除在私人安全之外，并有效地打击有组织犯罪，共同促成了一个自主的、非犯罪化的安全行业的出现;(2)自由贸易政策允许西方公司收购爱沙尼亚的安全公司;(3)促进国家与民间社会全面安全合作的“全民”国家安全方法。因此，爱沙尼亚阐明了高度政治是如何影响私人安全的，同时也揭示了在大多数工业化民主国家，使该行业相对没有争议的因素。

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引用次数: 2

Introduction to Special Issue on comparative criminology: Context, scope and applicability in critical criminological research 比较犯罪学特刊简介：批判犯罪学研究的背景、范围和适用性

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/13624806221134310

Matthew Light, Anne-Marie Singh

This Special Issue highlights the value of the comparative case study method for theory-building and refinement in criminology. Early figures in criminology, including those in the Chicago School, were aware of the importance of scope and applicability, which refer to the temporal, geographic, or other contextual boundaries of a theory, yet the field as a whole has not always given these issues due attention. While the discipline already deploys comparisons, the contributions in our collection showcase how a more structured and deliberate use of a comparative case study approach engages issues of context, scope and applicability of criminological theory including recent discussions about Anglocentrism and the Global North/South divide.

本期特刊强调了比较案例研究方法对犯罪学理论构建和完善的价值。犯罪学的早期人物，包括芝加哥学派的人物，都意识到范围和适用性的重要性，范围和适用范围指的是理论的时间、地理或其他上下文边界，但整个领域并不总是对这些问题给予应有的关注。虽然该学科已经部署了比较，但我们收藏的作品展示了比较案例研究方法的更结构化和深思熟虑的使用如何涉及犯罪学理论的背景、范围和适用性问题，包括最近关于英国中心主义和全球南北分歧的讨论。

引用次数: 1

The President and the Boss's son: Prosecuting the crimes of America's most powerful 总统和老板的儿子：起诉美国最有权势的人的罪行

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1177/13624806221122610

J. Hagan, B. McCarthy, Daniel Herda

Relatively few theoretical criminologists are recognized for their lasting impact on public policy, and it is therefore instructive to reconsider a scholar whose influence endures. Donald Cressey wrote a theoretically driven Presidential Commission essay that inspired the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). He also advanced a theory of “respectable crime” that explains why this act has more extensively been directed downwards to dismantle ethnically organized criminal groups rather than upwards to prosecute elite political conspiracies led, for example, by Chicago Mayor Richard M Daley and US President Donald J Trump. We present case studies of Daley and Trump that illustrate the continuing relevance and underappreciated potential of Cressey's theoretically driven scholarship.

相对而言，很少有理论犯罪学家因其对公共政策的持久影响而被认可，因此，重新考虑一位影响力持久的学者是有启发性的。唐纳德·克雷西写了一篇理论驱动的总统委员会文章，启发了《受骗子影响和腐败组织法》（RICO）。他还提出了一种“值得尊敬的犯罪”理论，解释了为什么这项法案被更广泛地向下引导，以摧毁种族有组织的犯罪集团，而不是向上起诉由芝加哥市长理查德·戴利和美国总统唐纳德·J·特朗普领导的精英政治阴谋。我们介绍了戴利和特朗普的案例研究，说明了克雷西理论驱动的学术的持续相关性和被低估的潜力。

引用次数: 0

All-foreign prisons in the United States, England and Wales, and Norway: Related logics and local expressions 美国、英格兰和威尔士、挪威的全外国监狱:相关逻辑和当地表达

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1177/13624806221116092

Robert Hallam Tuck, Dorina Damsa, Elizabeth Kullman

Norway, England and Wales, and the USA are among a small number of affluent Western countries to establish ‘all-foreign’ prisons in response to public concerns about the growing threat of foreign-national prisoners. Drawing on collaborative analysis of empirical data collected at all-foreign prisons in these three countries, this article traces the conditions in which all-foreign prisons emerged, the position and function of all-foreign prisons in specific national systems of criminal justice and immigration control, and the operation of all-foreign prisons within each context. The article points to a shared logic, while drawing attention to the local expressions of bordered penality.

挪威、英格兰和威尔士以及美国等少数富裕的西方国家建立了“全外国”监狱，以回应公众对外国囚犯日益增长的威胁的担忧。本文通过对这三个国家所有外国监狱收集的经验数据的合作分析，追溯了所有外国监狱出现的条件、所有外国监狱在特定国家刑事司法和移民控制系统中的地位和职能，以及所有外国监狱的运作情况。这篇文章指出了一个共同的逻辑，同时提请注意边界惩罚的局部表达。

引用次数: 1

Book Review: Trading life: organ trafficking, illicit networks, and exploitation by Seán Columb 书评：交易生命：器官贩运、非法网络和Seán Columb的剥削

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2022-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/13624806221115269

Matthew Light

Seán Columb ’ s study of Egypt ’ s illicit market in organ transplantation works on many levels. It is simultaneously an empirically rich exploration of the organ trade, a fascinat-ing account of that trade ’ s transformation from a relatively non-violent aspect of the informal economy into a form of violent ‘ organised crime ’ , and a thoughtful re ﬂ ection on the challenges of regulating a highly stigmatised and potentially exploitative economic transaction. The monograph should interest a wide range of audiences within criminology, including scholars wishing to gain additional perspective on related phenomena such as migrant smuggling and the sex trade.

SeánComb对埃及器官移植非法市场的研究在许多层面上都起到了作用。这同时也是对器官贸易的丰富经验探索，对器官贸易从非正规经济的相对非暴力方面转变为暴力“有组织犯罪”的迷人描述，以及对监管高度污名化和潜在剥削性经济交易的挑战的深思熟虑的反思。这本专著应该引起犯罪学领域广泛受众的兴趣，包括希望对移民走私和性交易等相关现象有更多看法的学者。

引用次数: 0

Innocence as burden and resource: Adaptation and resistance during wrongful imprisonment 无罪作为负担和资源：非法监禁期间的适应和抵抗

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.1177/13624806221112167

Janani Umamaheswar

Drawing on theoretical scholarship on adaptation and resistance in prisons, I explore the significance and function of innocence—and the acute sense of non-belonging it triggers in the prison setting—in wrongfully-convicted men's responses to imprisonment. Using in-depth interviews with 15 exonerated men in the United States, I argue that innocence functioned as a double-edged sword for the men as they adapted to their wrongful imprisonment: Innocence represented a social and psychological burden as men adjusted to prison life, but it simultaneously facilitated their resistance to formal and informal penal control. Through a discussion of how the men leveraged their innocence to distance themselves psychologically, socially, and symbolically from the prison world, I highlight how, despite being victims of egregious injustice, wrongfully-convicted men are also agentic resistors of the penal system.

借鉴关于监狱中适应和抵抗的理论研究，我在被错误定罪的人对监禁的反应中，探讨了无罪的意义和功能——以及它在监狱环境中引发的强烈的不归属感。通过对美国15名无罪男子的深入采访，我认为，在他们适应错误监禁的过程中，无辜对他们来说是一把双刃剑:当他们适应监狱生活时，无辜代表着一种社会和心理负担，但同时也促进了他们对正式和非正式刑罚控制的抵制。通过讨论这些人如何利用他们的清白来在心理上、社会上和象征上与监狱世界保持距离，我强调了尽管他们是极度不公正的受害者，但被错误定罪的人也是刑事制度的真正抵抗者。

引用次数: 3

Book Review: Authoritarian Police in Democracy: Contested Security in Latin America by Yanilda María González 书评：《民主中的威权警察：拉丁美洲的竞争安全》，Yanilda María González著

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2022-07-12 DOI: 10.1177/13624806221113636

Matthew Light

Seán哥伦布对埃及器官移植非法市场的研究在很多层面上都起作用。同时，它也是对器官交易丰富的经验探索，对器官交易从非正式经济的相对非暴力方面转变为暴力“有组织犯罪”形式的引人入胜的描述，以及对监管高度污名化和潜在剥削的经济交易的挑战的深思熟虑。该专著应引起广泛的犯罪学读者的兴趣，包括希望对移民走私和性交易等相关现象获得额外视角的学者。

引用次数: 0

The externalization of border control in the global South: The cases of Malaysia and Indonesia 南方国家边境管制的外部化:以马来西亚和印度尼西亚为例

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2022-07-12 DOI: 10.1177/13624806221104867

Maggy Lee

Existing scholarship highlights the novel approaches and the capacity of northern states to control mass mobility by externalizing the border; outsource their control apparatus to migrant sending and transit countries; process and detain irregular arrivals in offshore locations; and expand the reach of sovereign powers extraterritorially. Significantly, the processes and outcomes of externalization are neither homogeneous nor uncontested. This article seeks to provide critical insights into the divergent nature of border externalization and contributes to a de-centring of northern-centric notions of the state’s role in border control by comparing how border control plays out in Malaysia and Indonesia under Australia’s externalization policy agenda. Their different border control outcomes reflect important intervening factors in the two countries’ internal (domestic political and economic realities; attitudes towards migrants and their control) and external (interstate geo-political relations) environment in shaping the situated meanings and the realities of border security building.

现有的学术研究强调了北方各州通过边界外部化来控制大规模流动的新方法和能力;将其管制机构外包给移民派遣国和过境国;处理和拘留在离岸地点的非法入境者;并扩大主权国家的治外法权。值得注意的是，外部化的过程和结果既不是同质的，也不是没有争议的。本文试图对边界外部化的不同性质提供重要见解，并通过比较马来西亚和印度尼西亚在澳大利亚外部化政策议程下的边境控制如何发挥作用，为北方中心的国家在边境控制中的作用概念的分散化做出贡献。两国不同的边境管制结果反映了两国内部(国内)政治和经济现实中的重要干预因素;对移民及其控制的态度)和外部(州际地缘政治关系)环境在塑造边境安全建设的定位意义和现实方面的影响。

引用次数: 0

Rehabilitation within pre-crime interventions: The hybrid criminology of social crime prevention and countering violent extremism 犯罪前干预中的康复:社会犯罪预防和打击暴力极端主义的混合犯罪学

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.1177/13624806221108866

Charlotte Heath-Kelly, Sadi Shanaah

Criminological literature frequently argues that the rehabilitative penological paradigm of the 20th century (‘penal welfarism’) has been replaced by pre-crime, risk-based, ‘new penology’. Under the conditions of social and economic neoliberalism, it is claimed, the commitment to rehabilitating individuals has been withdrawn. In this article, we explore the curious persistence of rehabilitation—enacted within crime prevention and countering-violent-extremism programmes. We show that rather than ‘new penology’ replacing ‘penal welfarism’, the history of social crime prevention programmes demonstrates the presence of a ‘hybrid penology’. Here, rehabilitation was brought into the pre-criminal space and practised upon pre-delinquents. This pre-emptive rehabilitation of at-risk subjects pervaded preventive policy in both Western Europe and the socialist Former Yugoslavia. In both case studies, this logic of pre-crime rehabilitation then transferred into the counterterrorism sector—with ideological dissidence identified as the threshold for reform-oriented intervention. Rehabilitation remains with us, warped by the turn to pre-emption.

犯罪学文献经常认为，20世纪的恢复性刑罚范式(“刑罚福利主义”)已经被犯罪前、基于风险的“新刑罚学”所取代。有人声称，在社会和经济新自由主义的条件下，恢复个人的承诺已经被撤回。在这篇文章中，我们探讨了在预防犯罪和打击暴力极端主义方案中实施康复的奇怪持久性。我们表明，社会犯罪预防计划的历史表明，“混合刑罚”的存在，而不是“新刑罚”取代“刑罚福利主义”。在这里，改造被带入了犯罪前的空间，并对犯罪前的人进行了实践。在西欧和社会主义的前南斯拉夫，这种对危险对象的先发制人的恢复普遍存在于预防性政策中。在这两个案例中，犯罪前康复的逻辑随后被转移到反恐领域——意识形态上的不同被认定为改革导向干预的门槛。由于转向先发制人而扭曲的复原仍在我们身边。

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引用次数: 2

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