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Evidence of Cross-Cultural Differences in Maternal Mind-Mindedness 母亲心智的跨文化差异的证据
IF 2 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1111/infa.70021
Fabiola Silletti, Gabrielle Coppola, Cristina Colonnesi, Maria Licata-Dandel, Tiziana Aureli, Beate Sodian

Cross-cultural research on maternal mind-mindedness- the proclivity to view the child as a mental agent-can enhance our understanding of caregiving determinants and children's social-cognitive variations across cultures. However, cross-cultural studies on mind-mindedness remain limited. To address this gap, we examined mothers' use of appropriate (AMRCs) and non-attuned (NAMRCs) mind-related comments in Italy (N = 88), Germany (N = 64), and the Netherlands (N = 97) with their 12-month-old infants (N = 249; 133 girls and 116 boys). Cluster analysis revealed three maternal profiles: low use of both AMRCs and NAMRCs, high use of both AMRCs and NAMRCs, and high AMRCs with low NAMRCs. Almost half of the German mothers belonged to the first profile, most Italian mothers to the second, and Dutch mothers were equally distributed across the three. These findings highlight, for the first time, cultural influences on maternal mind-mindedness within Western countries and emphasize the need to move beyond a simplistic West-East comparison, recognizing that cultural differences can be observed even within similar contexts, and call for culturally sensitive psychoeducational interventions to enhance caregivers' mentalizing skills.

对母亲心智的跨文化研究——将孩子视为精神主体的倾向——可以增强我们对照料决定因素和儿童在不同文化中的社会认知差异的理解。然而,关于心智的跨文化研究仍然有限。为了解决这一差距,我们在意大利(N = 88)、德国(N = 64)和荷兰(N = 97)对其12个月大的婴儿(N = 249)使用适当的(amrc)和不协调的(namrc)心理相关评论。133名女孩和116名男孩)。聚类分析显示了三种产妇特征:amrc和namrc的低使用率、amrc和namrc的高使用率、amrc高使用率和namrc低使用率。几乎一半的德国母亲属于第一种类型,大多数意大利母亲属于第二种类型,而荷兰母亲则平均分布在这三种类型。这些发现首次强调了西方国家的文化对母亲心智的影响,并强调了超越简单的东西方比较的必要性,认识到即使在相似的背景下也可以观察到文化差异,并呼吁采取文化敏感的心理教育干预措施,以提高照顾者的心智化技能。
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引用次数: 0
Developmental Screening and Family Resilience for Infants and Toddlers in Homeless Shelters 无家可归者收容所婴幼儿的发育筛选和家庭复原力
IF 2 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1111/infa.70019
Janette E. Herbers, Maria Abdul-Masih, Alexandra R. Buccelli, Natalee Torre, Emily M. Pintarelli, J. J. Cutuli

This study investigated motor and language development among infants and toddlers staying in family homeless shelters. We tested contributors to resilience and maladaptation, while also considering characteristics of developmental screening. Participants were 128 children (2-week to 35 months old; M = 8.54 months; 73% Black/African American) and their parents staying in eight urban family shelters. Data spanned time points about 2 months apart, involving an interview, parent-child play task, and a repeated, standardized observational screening measure. On average, this sample showed motor delays relative to age-based norms, and language delays for toddlers but not infants, a finding that may signal challenges in assessing language in young infants. Parent depression symptoms predicted lower gains in language, and parent education predicted higher gains in language. Positive parenting predicted gains in motor scores and a non-significant trend for language. We interpreted results as evidence of complex developmental processes of resilience and risk. Parent functioning is a key predictor of resilience and should be included in developmental screening of very young children who experience adversity. Shelter design, policy, and practices also should reflect consideration of early childhood development and parent empowerment.

本研究调查了住在家庭收容所的婴幼儿的运动和语言发展情况。我们测试了恢复力和适应不良的因素,同时也考虑了发育筛选的特征。参与者为128名儿童(2周至35个月大;M = 8.54个月;73%的黑人/非裔美国人)和他们的父母住在八个城市家庭庇护所。数据间隔约2个月,包括访谈、亲子游戏任务和重复的标准化观察筛选措施。平均而言,该样本显示出相对于年龄标准的运动迟缓,幼儿而不是婴儿的语言迟缓,这一发现可能预示着评估幼儿语言的挑战。父母抑郁症状预示着较低的语言进步,而父母教育预示着较高的语言进步。积极的父母教育预示着运动成绩的提高,而语言成绩则没有显著的趋势。我们将结果解释为弹性和风险复杂发展过程的证据。父母功能是恢复力的关键预测因素,应该包括在经历逆境的幼儿的发育筛选中。住房设计、政策和实践也应反映对儿童早期发展和父母赋权的考虑。
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引用次数: 0
Individual Differences in Infants' Speech Segmentation Performance: The Role of Mother-Infant Cardiac Synchrony 婴儿言语分割表现的个体差异:母婴心脏同步的作用
IF 2 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1111/infa.70020
Monica Vanoncini, Ezgi Kayhan, Birgit Elsner, Moritz Wunderwald, Sebastian Wallot, Stefanie Hoehl, Natalie Boll-Avetisyan

Caregiver-infant coregulation is an early form of communication. This study investigated whether mother-infant biological coregulation is associated with 9-month-olds’ word segmentation performance, a crucial milestone predicting language development. We hypothesized that coregulation would relate with infants' word segmentation performance. Additionally, we examined whether this relationship is influenced by the caregiving environment (i.e., parental reflective functioning) and the infant's emotional state (i.e., positive affect). Coregulation was investigated via cardiac synchrony in 28 nine-month-old infants (16 females) during a 5-min free-play with their German-speaking mothers. Cardiac synchrony was measured through Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA), employing Recurrence Quantification Analysis to evaluate dyadic coupling (i.e., Recurrence Rate) and dyadic predictability (i.e., Entropy). Infants' word segmentation was measured with an eye-tracking central-fixation procedure. A stepwise regression revealed that higher dyadic coupling, but not predictability, of the dyads' RSA was associated with infants looking longer toward the screen when listening to novel as compared to familiar test words, indicating advanced word segmentation performance (Cohen's d = 0.25). Moreover, cardiac synchrony correlated positively with maternal sensitivity to their infant's mental states, but not with the infant's positive affect. These results suggest that caregiver-infant biological coregulation may play a foundational role in language acquisition.

照料者与婴儿的共同调节是一种早期的交流形式。本研究探讨了母婴生物协同调节是否与9个月大婴儿的分词能力有关,分词能力是预测语言发展的一个重要里程碑。我们假设协同调节与婴儿的分词表现有关。此外,我们还研究了这种关系是否受到照顾环境(即父母的反思功能)和婴儿的情绪状态(即积极影响)的影响。在28个9个月大的婴儿(16名女性)与讲德语的母亲自由玩耍5分钟期间,通过心脏同步研究了协同调节。通过呼吸性窦性心律失常(RSA)测量心脏同步性,采用复发量化分析(recurrent Quantification Analysis)评估双进耦合(即复发率)和双进可预测性(即熵)。婴儿的分词能力是用眼球追踪中心注视法测量的。逐步回归显示,与熟悉的测试词相比,婴儿在听小说时注视屏幕的时间更长,与之相关的是更高的双元耦合,而不是双元RSA的可预测性,这表明婴儿在分词方面表现得更出色(科恩的d = 0.25)。此外,心脏同步性与母亲对婴儿心理状态的敏感性呈正相关,而与婴儿的积极情绪无关。这些结果表明,照顾者-婴儿的生物协同调节可能在语言习得中起着基础作用。
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引用次数: 0
Trajectories of Copy Behaviors in Infants With Elevated and Typical Likelihood for Autism: Functions and Correlations With Language 自闭症儿童的复制行为轨迹:与语言的功能和相关性
IF 2 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/infa.70018
Carmen Nieto, Ruth Campos, María Verde-Cagiao

This study examined the trajectories of copy behaviors during the first year of life in a group of infants at elevated likelihood for autism (EL) and a group with a typical likelihood for developing autism (TL). It also explored the function of these behaviors in interaction situations, and the correlations between imitated behaviors and language. To this end, a task was designed to elicit mimetic and imitative behaviors, the Traberitea Infant Mimicry and Imitation Task. The results revealed distinct trajectories for mimetic and imitated behaviors, with no significant differences between the two groups. The most prevalent function observed in both groups was the instrumental function; however, an interaction effect was observed in the social function. At 12 months, the mean frequency of the social function was lower in the EL group than in the TL group, though with a small effect size. There were primarily correlations with expressive language in the EL group for both imitation with social function and with instrumental function. These findings are discussed from a perspective that looks toward protective factors and resilience (Elsabbagh 2020), and future implications are suggested regarding the implementation of preemptive enrichment programs for development.

本研究考察了一组自闭症高可能性婴儿(EL)和一组自闭症典型可能性婴儿(TL)第一年的复制行为轨迹。本文还探讨了这些行为在互动情境中的作用,以及模仿行为与语言之间的关系。为此,设计了一项任务来诱导模仿和模仿行为,即特伯里特婴儿模仿和模仿任务。结果显示了模仿和被模仿行为的不同轨迹,两组之间没有显著差异。两组中观察到的最普遍的功能是工具功能;然而,在社会功能上观察到交互效应。在12个月时,EL组的社会功能平均频率低于TL组,尽管效应量较小。在社会功能和工具功能方面,EL组的模仿与表达性语言主要存在相关性。这些发现从保护因素和弹性的角度进行了讨论(Elsabbagh 2020),并提出了关于实施先发制人的浓缩计划以促进发展的未来影响。
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引用次数: 0
Maternal Experiences of Trauma and Toddler Multisensory Attention Skills in a South African Community Cohort 南非社区队列中母亲创伤经历与幼儿多感官注意技能的关系
IF 2 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1111/infa.70017
Yael K. Rayport, Yunzhe Hu, Lissete A. Gimenez, Carlie Du Plessis, Hein J. Odendaal, William P. Fifer, Lauren C. Shuffrey

Toddler visual attention development correlates with subsequent language, cognitive, and social developmental outcomes. This study investigates the association of maternal trauma on toddler looking behaviors in 39 mother-child dyads from the Western Cape Province, South Africa. At 15 months postpartum, maternal trauma was assessed using the Life Events Checklist and toddler multisensory attention skills were measured using the Multisensory Attention Assessment Protocol (MAAP) during eye-tracking. We used two-way mixed ANOVA to analyze the association of maternal trauma and MAAP condition with attention maintenance, intersensory matching, and attention shifting. This study provides support for the MAAP's reliability with a sample of 15-month-old toddlers from a low-income setting. We observed a significant interaction between MAAP condition and maternal trauma group on attention maintenance, but pairwise comparisons did not meet the threshold for statistical significance. In a stratified analysis, toddlers of mothers in the low trauma exposure group demonstrated significant differences in attention maintenance, intersensory matching, and attention shifting by condition. Unexpectedly, toddlers of mothers in the high trauma exposure group did not exhibit significant differences in these attentional skills, potentially indicating attentional adaptations. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between the intergenerational transmission of trauma on infant and toddler multisensory attention skills in low-income settings.

幼儿视觉注意力的发展与随后的语言、认知和社会发展结果相关。本研究调查了南非西开普省39对母子的母亲创伤与幼儿观察行为的关系。在产后 15 个月时,我们使用生活事件核对表评估了母亲的心理创伤,并在眼动追踪过程中使用多感官注意力评估协议(MAAP)测量了幼儿的多感官注意力技能。我们使用双向混合方差分析来分析母亲创伤和 MAAP 条件与注意力维持、感官间匹配和注意力转移之间的关联。本研究以低收入环境中 15 个月大的幼儿为样本,证明了 MAAP 的可靠性。我们观察到 MAAP 条件与母亲创伤组在注意力维持方面存在明显的交互作用,但配对比较未达到统计学意义的临界值。在分层分析中,低创伤暴露组母亲的幼儿在注意力维持、感官间匹配和注意力转移方面表现出明显的条件差异。出乎意料的是,高创伤暴露组母亲的幼儿在这些注意力技能方面没有表现出明显的差异,这可能表明他们的注意力有所适应。在低收入环境中,需要进一步研究创伤代际传递与婴幼儿多感官注意力技能之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Early Maternal Cultural Orientation on Spanish-English Child-Directed Speech and Vocabulary Knowledge in Mexican-American Children 母亲早期文化取向对墨西哥裔美国儿童西班牙语-英语儿童导向言语和词汇知识的影响
IF 2 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1111/infa.70013
Marissa A. Castellana, Viridiana L. Benitez

Cultural contexts shape numerous child development outcomes and may be particularly salient for dual language learning children who experience heritage and societal cultures. Previous research suggests that caregivers' cultural orientation is associated with the language their child is exposed to and knows. However, less is known about how caregiver cultural orientation is linked with early child-directed speech and child language knowledge in immigrant households. In a sample of primarily Spanish-speaking, Mexican immigrant mothers and their child (N = 112; 58.9% female) from low-income households, this study examined the links between maternal Mexican and Anglo cultural orientation at child age 9 months, maternal Spanish and English child-directed speech (measured via mother-child free-play) at 2 years, and children's Spanish and English vocabulary knowledge at 3 years. A path model revealed that maternal Anglo orientation predicted children's English vocabulary through English child-directed speech. Although Spanish child-directed speech predicted Spanish vocabulary, maternal Mexican orientation did not predict Spanish child-directed speech or Spanish vocabulary scores. The findings implicate acculturation and societal- and heritage-language child-directed speech as important features to consider when assessing children of immigrants' language environments and learning, making salient the role of cultural contexts on childhood bilingualism.

文化背景影响着众多儿童的发展结果,对于经历过传统文化和社会文化的双语学习儿童来说,文化背景可能尤为重要。以往的研究表明,照料者的文化取向与儿童接触和掌握的语言有关。然而,人们对移民家庭中照料者的文化取向如何与儿童早期引导性言语和儿童语言知识相关联却知之甚少。本研究以低收入家庭中主要讲西班牙语的墨西哥移民母亲及其子女(人数=112;58.9%为女性)为样本,研究了母亲的墨西哥和盎格鲁文化取向与孩子 9 个月大时、2 岁时母亲引导孩子说西班牙语和英语(通过母子自由游戏测量)以及 3 岁时孩子的西班牙语和英语词汇知识之间的联系。路径模型显示,母亲的盎格鲁语取向通过英语儿童指导言语预测儿童的英语词汇量。虽然西班牙语儿童引导言语能预测西班牙语词汇量,但母亲的墨西哥取向并不能预测西班牙语儿童引导言语或西班牙语词汇量得分。研究结果表明,在评估移民子女的语言环境和学习时,文化适应以及社会和遗产语言的儿童引导性言语是需要考虑的重要特征,这突出了文化背景对儿童双语能力的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Socioeconomic Status Predicts Infant Word Recognition: Evidence From a Linguistically, Ethnically, and Socioeconomically Diverse Community Sample in Singapore 社会经济地位预测婴儿单词识别:来自新加坡语言、种族和社会经济多样化社区样本的证据
IF 2 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1111/infa.70014
Sarah Josephine Rajendra, Qiqi Cheng, Wei-Jun Jean Yeung, Leher Singh

Prior research has demonstrated that infants have the capacity to recognize some familiar words. However, past studies have not analyzed the sociodemographic generalizability of research findings. In the current study, we examine word recognition in a linguistically, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse community sample. A community sample of Singaporean infants from diverse socioeconomic and linguistic backgrounds between 5 and 12 months of age were tested on their ability to recognize common nouns in a looking-while-listening task. Results revealed that parental socioeconomic status, the amount of exposure to English, and infants’ age significantly predicted their word recognition performance. A subsequent sensitivity analysis revealed that the effects of SES and age on word recognition were robust. The results demonstrate that socioeconomic status contributes significantly to variation in infants’ abilities to recognize familiar words. Findings emphasize the importance of integrating and analyzing effects of sociodemographic representation into studies on infant word learning.

先前的研究表明,婴儿有能力识别一些熟悉的单词。然而,过去的研究并没有分析研究结果的社会人口学概括性。在当前的研究中,我们在语言、种族和社会经济多样化的社区样本中研究了单词识别。在一项边听边看的任务中,研究人员测试了来自不同社会经济和语言背景的5至12个月大的新加坡婴儿识别常见名词的能力。结果显示,父母的社会经济地位、接触英语的数量和婴儿的年龄显著地预测了他们的单词识别表现。随后的敏感性分析显示,社会地位和年龄对单词识别的影响是稳健的。结果表明,社会经济地位对婴儿熟悉词汇识别能力的差异有显著影响。研究结果强调了整合和分析社会人口统计学表征对婴儿词汇学习研究的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
A Longitudinal Study of Preterm Infants at 12 and 30 Months: Links Among Object Interactions, Joint Engagement, and Cognitive Development 12个月和30个月早产儿的纵向研究:物体相互作用、联合参与和认知发展之间的联系
IF 2 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1111/infa.70016
Qin Liu, Michelle de Haan, Kathy Chant, Kayleigh Lauren Day, Mérari Jizar Lavander-Ferreira, Neil Marlow, Catalina Suarez-Rivera

Development takes place when change in one domain cascades into change in another domain. Preterm infants exhibit disruptions to their object play and the maintenance of a joint focus of attention with another person. Likewise, they tend to experience cognitive delays throughout childhood. By the developmental cascades model, early features of object play and joint engagement in preterm infants predict cognitive development. We examined longitudinal associations between real-time individual differences in parent-infant interactions and long-term outcomes to explore potential developmental processes. Features of infant-object interactions and joint engagement were coded in 20 12-month-old preterm infants (≤ 29 weeks of gestation) during parent-infant free play. Infants were tested again at 30 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition. Preterm infants spent most of their time interacting with objects at 12 months, and their parents frequently engaged in their object interactions. The frequency of infant-object interaction bouts per minute at 12 months was negatively associated with 30-month cognitive scores. Furthermore, the percentage of infant-object interaction bouts in which parents practised multimodal engagement was marginally associated with 30-month cognitive scores. We discuss the associations of infant-object interactions and joint engagement with preterm infants' cognitive development.

当一个领域的变更级联到另一个领域的变更时,开发就发生了。早产儿表现出破坏他们的物体游戏和维持与另一个人的共同注意力。同样,他们在整个童年时期往往会经历认知迟缓。根据发展级联模型,早产儿客体游戏和联合参与的早期特征预测了认知发展。我们研究了亲子互动的实时个体差异与长期结果之间的纵向关联,以探索潜在的发展过程。对20例12月龄早产儿(妊娠≤29周)在亲子自由游戏过程中的婴儿-客体互动和联合参与特征进行编码。婴儿在30个月时再次使用Bayley婴幼儿发展量表(第三版)进行测试。早产儿在12个月大的时候花了大部分时间与物体互动,他们的父母经常参与他们的物体互动。12个月时每分钟婴儿-客体互动次数的频率与30个月的认知得分呈负相关。此外,父母练习多模态参与的婴儿-客体互动回合的百分比与30个月的认知得分略有关联。我们讨论了婴儿-客体互动和联合参与与早产儿认知发展的关系。
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引用次数: 0
The Developmental Origins of Joint Attention: Infants' Early Joint Attention Bids 联合注意的发展起源:婴儿早期的联合注意请求
IF 2 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1111/infa.70012
Gideon Salter, Malinda Carpenter

There are theoretical debates about the definition of joint attention, and empirical debates about when it emerges in development. Here we addressed both debates by investigating the emergence of infants' communicative joint attention bids: looks to their partner's face, accompanied by communicative facial expressions and/or vocalizations, to attempt to initiate joint attention to a referent. We tested 25 infants monthly, longitudinally, between 6 and 10 months using both novel joint attention elicitation tests and free play observations. Even when using a conservative definition of joint attention involving communication, results indicated that a substantial percentage of infants (44%) had already begun to produce joint attention bids by 6 months, with the vast majority (92%) having done so before 9 months. Joint attention bids emerged gradually, with increasing consistency, and were seen earlier in the novel elicitation tests than in free play, suggesting that previous work focusing on free play might have underestimated infants' joint attention. We discuss the implications of these findings for theories of joint attention and communication.

关于共同注意的定义存在理论争论,关于它何时出现在发展过程中的实证争论。在这里,我们通过调查婴儿的交流共同注意投标的出现来解决这两个争论:看着他们的伴侣的脸,伴随着交流的面部表情和/或发声,试图启动对指涉物的共同注意。我们每月对25名6至10个月大的婴儿进行纵向测试,使用新颖的联合注意力激发测试和自由游戏观察。即使使用涉及沟通的共同注意的保守定义,结果表明,相当大比例的婴儿(44%)在6个月时已经开始发出共同注意的请求,绝大多数(92%)在9个月前就这样做了。共同注意的出价逐渐出现,并且越来越一致,并且在新颖的启发测试中比在自由游戏中更早出现,这表明先前专注于自由游戏的工作可能低估了婴儿的共同注意。我们讨论了这些发现对共同注意和交流理论的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Bilingual Language Input to Infants in Bolivia and the United States 玻利维亚与美国婴儿双语语言输入研究。
IF 2 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1111/infa.70009
Margaret Cychosz, Anele Villanueva, Adriana Weisleder

Characterizing dual language input in children's environments is critical to understand how early language experiences influence bilingual language development. However, little is known about how dual language exposure is distributed across factors known to influence the kinds of input children receive. This study examined how infants' exposure to each of their languages is distributed across different speakers (adults vs. other children) and speech registers (child- versus adult-directed speech). We examined daylong audio recordings of infants' language environments in two bilingual communities: an indigenous Quechua- and Spanish-speaking community in Bolivia (n = 10, age = 5.7–23.4 months, five females, five males) and an immigrant Spanish- and English-speaking community in the United States (n = 10, age = 6.4–12.6, four females, six males). Infants in both communities were more likely to hear the societal language from older children than from adult caregivers. Infants were also more likely to hear the societal language in child-directed speech, and more of the minoritized language in adult-directed speech, by a factor of more than 4 to 1. These findings shed light on how bilingual infants' language exposure is distributed across social contexts, which may have implications for bilingual language development and maintenance, as distinct social contexts afford different opportunities for engagement and interaction over the course of learning two languages in infancy.

表征儿童环境中的双语输入对于理解早期语言体验如何影响双语语言发展至关重要。然而,对于双语暴露是如何分布在已知影响儿童接受的输入类型的因素中,我们知之甚少。这项研究考察了婴儿对每种语言的接触是如何分布在不同的说话者(成人与其他儿童)和语言寄存器(儿童与成人指导的语言)之间的。我们研究了两个双语社区中婴儿全天语言环境的录音:玻利维亚的土著盖丘亚语和西班牙语社区(n = 10,年龄= 5.7-23.4个月,5女,5男)和美国的西班牙语和英语移民社区(n = 10,年龄= 6.4-12.6,4女,6男)。两个社区的婴儿都更有可能从年龄较大的孩子那里听到社会语言,而不是从成年看护人那里听到。婴儿也更有可能在儿童导向的言语中听到社会语言,而在成人导向的言语中更多地听到少数民族语言,两者的比例超过4比1。这些发现揭示了双语婴儿的语言接触是如何在不同的社会环境中分布的,这可能对双语语言的发展和维持有影响,因为不同的社会环境在婴儿学习两种语言的过程中提供了不同的参与和互动机会。
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引用次数: 0
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Infancy
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