While a large literature studies the various tools of autocratic survival, targeting opposition actors with austerity measures in electoral autocracies is hitherto understudied. This paper argues that the COVID-19 pandemic has provided a rare opportunity for Hungary’s Fidesz party to disarm opposition parties via cutting off resources of municipalities led by opposition mayors and eliminating any remnants of local governments’ fiscal autonomy. Analysing original data from government decrees on local transfers, this study contributes to the existing literature by conceptualising fiscal strangulation as part of electoral authoritarian regimes’ toolbox to discredit opposition parties and their ability to govern locally.
{"title":"Masking the Strangulation of Opposition Parties as Pandemic Response: Austerity Measures Targeting the Local Level in Hungary","authors":"Daniel Kovarek, G. Dobos","doi":"10.1093/cjres/rsac044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsac044","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 While a large literature studies the various tools of autocratic survival, targeting opposition actors with austerity measures in electoral autocracies is hitherto understudied. This paper argues that the COVID-19 pandemic has provided a rare opportunity for Hungary’s Fidesz party to disarm opposition parties via cutting off resources of municipalities led by opposition mayors and eliminating any remnants of local governments’ fiscal autonomy. Analysing original data from government decrees on local transfers, this study contributes to the existing literature by conceptualising fiscal strangulation as part of electoral authoritarian regimes’ toolbox to discredit opposition parties and their ability to govern locally.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82233108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Is fiscal federalism associated with economic policy responses and stimulus measures adopted by national and sub-national governments to mitigate the adverse economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic? In this paper, we provide empirical evidence that it indeed is. Our results indicate that even after controlling for various relevant factors, countries with fiscally federal (decentralised) governments have adopted larger fiscal and macro-financial policy packages (as a percent of GDP). However, there are no significant differences in monetary-policy responses between centralised and decentralised governments. We also show that these results are robust to using different federalism measures, including different sets of control variables and different econometric specifications that include an instrumental variable estimation.
{"title":"Economic stimulus measures in the pandemic: the role of fiscal decentralisation","authors":"Ceyhun Elgin, Abdullah Yalaman, Sezer Yasar","doi":"10.1093/cjres/rsac047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsac047","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Is fiscal federalism associated with economic policy responses and stimulus measures adopted by national and sub-national governments to mitigate the adverse economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic? In this paper, we provide empirical evidence that it indeed is. Our results indicate that even after controlling for various relevant factors, countries with fiscally federal (decentralised) governments have adopted larger fiscal and macro-financial policy packages (as a percent of GDP). However, there are no significant differences in monetary-policy responses between centralised and decentralised governments. We also show that these results are robust to using different federalism measures, including different sets of control variables and different econometric specifications that include an instrumental variable estimation.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135500271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-4
Nailya K. Nurlanova iD, . FaridaG.AlzhanovaiD, Z. Satpayeva, Н. К. Н. iD, . Ф.Г.АльжановаiD, З. Т. Сатпаева
World experience shows that in the context of the increase in urbanisation, the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals largely depends on the sustainability of cities. It was hypothesised that big cities in Kazakhstan are more stable than medium-sized cities and single-industry towns. The study aims to develop a modified rating assessment methodology for sustainable development of cities and test it using cities in Kazakhstan as an example in order to develop tools for planning and monitoring the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals taking into account country specifics. To this end, such methods as generalisation, concretisation, economic and statistical, factorial and comparative analysis, ranking, and mapping were used. A modified methodology for rating assessment of sustainable development of cities based on social, economic, environmental factors was proposed. The method for the mapping of sustainable development risks was utilised. The research substantiated the criteria and typology of risks of sustainable urban development, which can be adapted to country-specific circumstances. The possibility of its use was demonstrated on the example of different types and categories of cities in Kazakhstan. The study was limited due to the inaccessibility of statistical data, especially for small towns and single-industry towns. The obtained results can be used to simulate and monitor the implementation of socio-economic programmes in cities of Kazakhstan and other countries. The research findings can be used as the basis for mechanisms and tools intended to make decisions by authorities to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and develop sustainable cities.
{"title":"Sustainable Development of Cities: Rating Assessment Methodology and Risk Analysis (Using Kazakhstan as an Example)","authors":"Nailya K. Nurlanova iD, . FaridaG.AlzhanovaiD, Z. Satpayeva, Н. К. Н. iD, . Ф.Г.АльжановаiD, З. Т. Сатпаева","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-4","url":null,"abstract":"World experience shows that in the context of the increase in urbanisation, the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals largely depends on the sustainability of cities. It was hypothesised that big cities in Kazakhstan are more stable than medium-sized cities and single-industry towns. The study aims to develop a modified rating assessment methodology for sustainable development of cities and test it using cities in Kazakhstan as an example in order to develop tools for planning and monitoring the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals taking into account country specifics. To this end, such methods as generalisation, concretisation, economic and statistical, factorial and comparative analysis, ranking, and mapping were used. A modified methodology for rating assessment of sustainable development of cities based on social, economic, environmental factors was proposed. The method for the mapping of sustainable development risks was utilised. The research substantiated the criteria and typology of risks of sustainable urban development, which can be adapted to country-specific circumstances. The possibility of its use was demonstrated on the example of different types and categories of cities in Kazakhstan. The study was limited due to the inaccessibility of statistical data, especially for small towns and single-industry towns. The obtained results can be used to simulate and monitor the implementation of socio-economic programmes in cities of Kazakhstan and other countries. The research findings can be used as the basis for mechanisms and tools intended to make decisions by authorities to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and develop sustainable cities.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88446148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-21
L. Mokhnatkina
Federal budget expenditures in regions are not reduced to intergovernmental fiscal transfers to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. A significant part of the federal budget is spent directly in regions to support the expenditure commitments of the Russian Federation. The study aims to describe inter-territorial redistribution of financial resources and assess the contribution of the federal budget to regional per capita consumption by analysing data on 76 Russian constituent entities for 2016-2019. The article ranks regions according to the indicators of the federal budget per capita, estimates the ratio of federal and regional budgetary resources and tests the hypothesis about the impact of federal expenditures on regional per capita consumption. The following negative effects and trends were identified. Regions receive significantly less federal funds than the federal budget; the number of constituent entities with federal budget surplus increased. The regional inequality in terms of the federal budget execution indicators is growing: the gap between the maximum and minimum values of federal budget revenues per capita by region increased from 62 to 74 times; the gap between per capita expenditures is about 6 times. The disincentive effect of redistribution is strengthening due to increased withdrawals of income generated in donor regions and reduced spending of federal resources in recipient regions. Federal budget expenditures amplify the inequality in regional per capita consumption. Maximum and minimum specific values of the total federal and regional budget expenditures in regions differ by more than 10 times. The identified effects lead to an increase in regional inequality in the Russian Federation. According to the research results, intergovernmental redistribution mechanisms should be improved taking into account direct federal budget expenditures in regions.
{"title":"Regional Inequality in the Federal Budget Execution in Russian Regions","authors":"L. Mokhnatkina","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-21","url":null,"abstract":"Federal budget expenditures in regions are not reduced to intergovernmental fiscal transfers to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. A significant part of the federal budget is spent directly in regions to support the expenditure commitments of the Russian Federation. The study aims to describe inter-territorial redistribution of financial resources and assess the contribution of the federal budget to regional per capita consumption by analysing data on 76 Russian constituent entities for 2016-2019. The article ranks regions according to the indicators of the federal budget per capita, estimates the ratio of federal and regional budgetary resources and tests the hypothesis about the impact of federal expenditures on regional per capita consumption. The following negative effects and trends were identified. Regions receive significantly less federal funds than the federal budget; the number of constituent entities with federal budget surplus increased. The regional inequality in terms of the federal budget execution indicators is growing: the gap between the maximum and minimum values of federal budget revenues per capita by region increased from 62 to 74 times; the gap between per capita expenditures is about 6 times. The disincentive effect of redistribution is strengthening due to increased withdrawals of income generated in donor regions and reduced spending of federal resources in recipient regions. Federal budget expenditures amplify the inequality in regional per capita consumption. Maximum and minimum specific values of the total federal and regional budget expenditures in regions differ by more than 10 times. The identified effects lead to an increase in regional inequality in the Russian Federation. According to the research results, intergovernmental redistribution mechanisms should be improved taking into account direct federal budget expenditures in regions.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79181150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-6
E. B. Ali, V. Anufriev
Though economic development improves human lives and living standards, it poses seri-ous environmental challenges. In recent decade, this has attracted the attention of researchers and pol-icymakers aiming to find a balance between economic development and environment quality. The study examines the long and short-run effects of renewable energy, non-renewable energy, economic growth (gross domestic product) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 16 developing countries. Using a panel dataset from 1990 to 2020, we tested the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) by employing the pooled mean group (PMG) and Mean group (MG) estimators. The empirical results provide evidence of a positive long and short-run nexus between economic development and environmental degradation when envi-ronmental degradation is made the dependent variable, confirming the EKC hypothesis. However, when economic development is made the dependent variable, the result elucidates the existence of the nega-tive long and short-run effects. Further, whereas renewable energy abates environmental degradation in both the long and short run, it promotes economic development in both periods. Finally, non-renewable energy increases environmental degradation in both the long and short run but promotes economic de-velopment only in the long run. Based on the findings of the study, we provide potential policy measures that can help to improve the environmental quality.
{"title":"Revisiting the Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and the Environmental Kuznets Curve in Developing Countries","authors":"E. B. Ali, V. Anufriev","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-6","url":null,"abstract":"Though economic development improves human lives and living standards, it poses seri-ous environmental challenges. In recent decade, this has attracted the attention of researchers and pol-icymakers aiming to find a balance between economic development and environment quality. The study examines the long and short-run effects of renewable energy, non-renewable energy, economic growth (gross domestic product) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 16 developing countries. Using a panel dataset from 1990 to 2020, we tested the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) by employing the pooled mean group (PMG) and Mean group (MG) estimators. The empirical results provide evidence of a positive long and short-run nexus between economic development and environmental degradation when envi-ronmental degradation is made the dependent variable, confirming the EKC hypothesis. However, when economic development is made the dependent variable, the result elucidates the existence of the nega-tive long and short-run effects. Further, whereas renewable energy abates environmental degradation in both the long and short run, it promotes economic development in both periods. Finally, non-renewable energy increases environmental degradation in both the long and short run but promotes economic de-velopment only in the long run. Based on the findings of the study, we provide potential policy measures that can help to improve the environmental quality.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87096388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-10
О. Е. А. iD, . С.К.ВолковiD, Е. Г. Ефимов, О. Е. Акимова, С. К. Волков, О. Е. А. iD, . SergeyK.VolkoviD, E. Efimov
Many Russian regions face shrinking, despite the measures taken by national and regional authorities to slow down this process. The problem of shrinking is especially relevant for old industrial cities and regions unable to adapt to new challenges of the market economy after the shock transition from planned to market economy. The study aims to prove that the asynchronous development of the labour market and the market of educational services contributes to the shrinking of old industrial regions, as well as to identify the interdependence between these markets seen as the most important elements of spatial development strategy in such regions. The research examined data on Volgograd oblast, which is a typical shrinking old industrial region, whose development largely depends on successful retention of graduates on the regional labour market. A sociological survey conducted online in October 2021 of 335 students of the Volgograd State Technical University (the backbone university of the region) was analysed. The comparison of the obtained results with relevant statistical data confirmed asynchronous development of the labour market and the market of educational services. Since the labour market is associated with the real sector of the economy, it does not generate a demand for the regional staff training system. The declared innovative development does not lead to the creation of innovative jobs and, accordingly, to the increase in demand for new professions and competences. A conservative approach of regional universities to staff training also causes asynchrony. To overcome the identified asynchrony, it is required to transform old industrial regions to meet the requirements of the new technological mode, strengthen cooperation between educational institutions and enterprises of the real sector of the economy, and revise educational programmes.
{"title":"Asynchronous Development of the Labour Market and the Market of Educational Services Contributing to the Shrinking of Old Industrial Regions","authors":"О. Е. А. iD, . С.К.ВолковiD, Е. Г. Ефимов, О. Е. Акимова, С. К. Волков, О. Е. А. iD, . SergeyK.VolkoviD, E. Efimov","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-10","url":null,"abstract":"Many Russian regions face shrinking, despite the measures taken by national and regional authorities to slow down this process. The problem of shrinking is especially relevant for old industrial cities and regions unable to adapt to new challenges of the market economy after the shock transition from planned to market economy. The study aims to prove that the asynchronous development of the labour market and the market of educational services contributes to the shrinking of old industrial regions, as well as to identify the interdependence between these markets seen as the most important elements of spatial development strategy in such regions. The research examined data on Volgograd oblast, which is a typical shrinking old industrial region, whose development largely depends on successful retention of graduates on the regional labour market. A sociological survey conducted online in October 2021 of 335 students of the Volgograd State Technical University (the backbone university of the region) was analysed. The comparison of the obtained results with relevant statistical data confirmed asynchronous development of the labour market and the market of educational services. Since the labour market is associated with the real sector of the economy, it does not generate a demand for the regional staff training system. The declared innovative development does not lead to the creation of innovative jobs and, accordingly, to the increase in demand for new professions and competences. A conservative approach of regional universities to staff training also causes asynchrony. To overcome the identified asynchrony, it is required to transform old industrial regions to meet the requirements of the new technological mode, strengthen cooperation between educational institutions and enterprises of the real sector of the economy, and revise educational programmes.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84861622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-15
Е. В. В. iD, . М.В.КозловаiD, О. В. Куур, Г. Б. Пестунова, Е. В. Варавин, М. В. Козлова, Yevgeniy V. Varavin iD, . MarinaV.KozlovaiD, O. Kuur, Galina B. Pestunova
Considering current trends in the development of green economy and introduction of ESG-principles, the issues of investment attractiveness of enterprises, industries and regions are gaining attention. The literature review has shown that not all available methodologies for assessing regional investment attractiveness take into account the determinants of negative anthropogenic impacts on the environment. The present study aims to assess the investment appeal of the basic industries of the East Kazakhstan region in the context of green development and outline ways to attract more green investment in the region. The research methodology involves comparing the indicators of investment attractiveness of regional basic industries with their green attractiveness, characterised by investment in environmental protection. Additionally, a decoupling index was included in the model in order to examine a possible mismatch between the economic growth of regional industries and their pollution rates. Official statistical data for 2015-2019 were analysed. The study concluded that manufacturing is the only industry with a high green attractiveness, although it has a medium investment attractiveness. Given the need for industrialisation and diversification of the economy in East Kazakhstan, local authorities are recommended to focus on improving the investment climate in this sector. Agriculture and construction have high investment attractiveness, while mining and electricity supply are characterised by above average attractiveness. However, all these sectors remain unattractive in terms of environmental investment. To increase green attractiveness of the aforementioned industries, the study suggests to develop an effective mechanism for financing green projects, as well as to apply government regulation tools aimed at improving the efficiency of environmental investment. Further research may be related to the substantiation of such regulatory measures.
{"title":"Assessment of Investment Attractiveness of Regional Industries in the Context of Green Development","authors":"Е. В. В. iD, . М.В.КозловаiD, О. В. Куур, Г. Б. Пестунова, Е. В. Варавин, М. В. Козлова, Yevgeniy V. Varavin iD, . MarinaV.KozlovaiD, O. Kuur, Galina B. Pestunova","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-15","url":null,"abstract":"Considering current trends in the development of green economy and introduction of ESG-principles, the issues of investment attractiveness of enterprises, industries and regions are gaining attention. The literature review has shown that not all available methodologies for assessing regional investment attractiveness take into account the determinants of negative anthropogenic impacts on the environment. The present study aims to assess the investment appeal of the basic industries of the East Kazakhstan region in the context of green development and outline ways to attract more green investment in the region. The research methodology involves comparing the indicators of investment attractiveness of regional basic industries with their green attractiveness, characterised by investment in environmental protection. Additionally, a decoupling index was included in the model in order to examine a possible mismatch between the economic growth of regional industries and their pollution rates. Official statistical data for 2015-2019 were analysed. The study concluded that manufacturing is the only industry with a high green attractiveness, although it has a medium investment attractiveness. Given the need for industrialisation and diversification of the economy in East Kazakhstan, local authorities are recommended to focus on improving the investment climate in this sector. Agriculture and construction have high investment attractiveness, while mining and electricity supply are characterised by above average attractiveness. However, all these sectors remain unattractive in terms of environmental investment. To increase green attractiveness of the aforementioned industries, the study suggests to develop an effective mechanism for financing green projects, as well as to apply government regulation tools aimed at improving the efficiency of environmental investment. Further research may be related to the substantiation of such regulatory measures.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81908024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-12
E. Skvortsov
Spatial aspects, including remoteness as one of the most important characteristics, signifi-cantly affect the socio-economic development of regions, in particular, the introduction of innovations by business. The present study aims to analyse the impact of distance to large cities and regional centres on the use of robotics in agriculture. At the first stage, the Google Maps application was used to determine the distances between robot farms and district and regional centres; at the second stage, a cluster analy-sis of the obtained data was performed. The study involved 81 farms located in 32 Russian regions, which use 371 robot units (85.2 % of their total number in the country). The greatest distance from the robot farm to the regional centre is 470 km, to the district centre — 73 km. The cluster analysis revealed an in-verse correlation between distances to regional centres and the average number of robots on farms. On average, there are 32.5 robots in a cluster with an average distance of 35.0 km between a farm and a re-gional centre, 3.6 robots in a cluster with a distance of 114.7 km, and 3.0 robots in a cluster of extremely remote farms with a distance of 227.5 km. Farms with the largest number of robots are located near ma-jor urban agglomerations. Accordingly, the introduction of robotics in remote areas will be slower due to underdeveloped transport and other infrastructure. At the same time, rural population commuting to large cities additionally stimulates the robotisation of agriculture. To reduce the technological backward-ness of remote rural areas, it is proposed to implement measures of innovation stimulation, including ag-ricultural growth corridors, agriculture clusters, agro-industrial parks, special economic zones and agri-business incubators.
{"title":"Impact of the Remoteness of Farms on the use of Robotics in Regional Agriculture","authors":"E. Skvortsov","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-12","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial aspects, including remoteness as one of the most important characteristics, signifi-cantly affect the socio-economic development of regions, in particular, the introduction of innovations by business. The present study aims to analyse the impact of distance to large cities and regional centres on the use of robotics in agriculture. At the first stage, the Google Maps application was used to determine the distances between robot farms and district and regional centres; at the second stage, a cluster analy-sis of the obtained data was performed. The study involved 81 farms located in 32 Russian regions, which use 371 robot units (85.2 % of their total number in the country). The greatest distance from the robot farm to the regional centre is 470 km, to the district centre — 73 km. The cluster analysis revealed an in-verse correlation between distances to regional centres and the average number of robots on farms. On average, there are 32.5 robots in a cluster with an average distance of 35.0 km between a farm and a re-gional centre, 3.6 robots in a cluster with a distance of 114.7 km, and 3.0 robots in a cluster of extremely remote farms with a distance of 227.5 km. Farms with the largest number of robots are located near ma-jor urban agglomerations. Accordingly, the introduction of robotics in remote areas will be slower due to underdeveloped transport and other infrastructure. At the same time, rural population commuting to large cities additionally stimulates the robotisation of agriculture. To reduce the technological backward-ness of remote rural areas, it is proposed to implement measures of innovation stimulation, including ag-ricultural growth corridors, agriculture clusters, agro-industrial parks, special economic zones and agri-business incubators.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72916718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-20
İbrahim Halil, Sugözü, Sema Yaşar, Мировая экономика
In the study, panel data analysis was conducted on 32 OECD countries covering the period 1990-2018. To analyse the effect of energy consumption on economic growth, first, a cross-section dependence test of the variables was carried out, then CADF Test, which is the most suitable unit root test based on the obtained results results, was applied. According to the findings of the Hausman, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity tests, it has been decided to use the Driscoll-Kraay test for the model’s forecast. The forecast results demonstrate that energy consumption positively affects economic growth. Westerlund ECM Panel Cointegration Test was conducted to determine the long-term relationship, and it concluded that the variables acted together in the long term. Emirmahmutoglu & Kose and Dumitrescu & Hurlin tests were used to determine the direction of the relationship between energy consumption and growth. Through the results of both tests, a maximum number of countries emerged respectively in the null hypothesis with no causality relationship and then in the growth hypothesis explaining the causality relationship from energy to growth. Along with the panel fisher and panel Z_NT test results of both causality tests, a causality relationship has been detected from energy to growth.
{"title":"Which Hypothesis is Valid for OECD Countries in the Context of the Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth? A Panel Data Analysis","authors":"İbrahim Halil, Sugözü, Sema Yaşar, Мировая экономика","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-20","url":null,"abstract":"In the study, panel data analysis was conducted on 32 OECD countries covering the period 1990-2018. To analyse the effect of energy consumption on economic growth, first, a cross-section dependence test of the variables was carried out, then CADF Test, which is the most suitable unit root test based on the obtained results results, was applied. According to the findings of the Hausman, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity tests, it has been decided to use the Driscoll-Kraay test for the model’s forecast. The forecast results demonstrate that energy consumption positively affects economic growth. Westerlund ECM Panel Cointegration Test was conducted to determine the long-term relationship, and it concluded that the variables acted together in the long term. Emirmahmutoglu & Kose and Dumitrescu & Hurlin tests were used to determine the direction of the relationship between energy consumption and growth. Through the results of both tests, a maximum number of countries emerged respectively in the null hypothesis with no causality relationship and then in the growth hypothesis explaining the causality relationship from energy to growth. Along with the panel fisher and panel Z_NT test results of both causality tests, a causality relationship has been detected from energy to growth.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82865502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-4
S. Borodin
Assessment of development opportunities for socio-economic systems is particularly relevant in the context of constantly changing macroeconomic conditions. A retrospective analysis is an important step in assessing development opportunities at the regional level. Based on a presented model for assess-ing regional sustainable development, the article analyses statistical data of the regions included in the Central, Northwestern and Southern Federal Districts for the period 2005-2019. According to the concept of sustainable development, the indicators were divided into three subgroups: social, economic and environ-mental. The following results were obtained. Social indicators revealed positive dynamics in the number of regions developing sustainably until 2014; later, the number changed erratically every year, ranging from 21 to 38. Economic indicators demonstrated negative dynamics in the number of sustainable regions un-til 2014. In the period 2014-2019, an abrupt fluctuation from 13 to 32 units was observed. Environmental indicators show that, on average, half of the examined regions managed to develop sustainably. After de-termining the overall index, the rate of change of the index was identified. Then, a sustainable develop-ment matrix was constructed, where 1 means that the index value increased year-on-year or remained the same, and 0 means that the index value decreased year-on-year. The findings can be used for ranking re-gions by summing up values in the region’s row of the sustainability matrix. The study may also serve as a basis for identifying the relationship between various large-scale phenomena such as the economic crisis, pandemic, the development of digital currency markets and changes in regional sustainability indicators.
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