Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-5
исследовательская статья, Zhanna A. Ermakova, N. Speshilova, Vyacheslav N. Shepel
Since digitalisation of the economy greatly affects the labour market, human resources in each constituent entity of Russia should be developed taking into account regional specialisation (agriculture, industry or other). Thus, the study aims to substantiate the determinants of human resources in regional economy by considering the dominance of various economic activities. Statistical data analysis, as well as comparison and causal analysis methods were utilised. The following significant determinants of human resources in regional economy were identified: the management system, labour availability and movement, vocational education system and, in particular, the role of local universities in it. The study suggested to introduce an automated intelligent decision support system (AIDSS) into the activities of regional authorities and proposed a methodological approach to the block-by-block organisation of data storage (on the example of Orenburg oblast). It is noted that the architecture and algorithm of AIDSS are being developed, which can be used for managing personnel, as well as for studying and predicting various factors affecting regional economy. The testing demonstrated that the population in Orenburg oblast has been decreasing since 2014. The share of rural population decreased more than the urban one; this factor negatively affected the reproduction of labour resources, considering economic specialisation of this regions. Orenburg oblast is characterised by slow implementation of innovations and the need to develop knowledge-intensive industries; therefore, it is necessary to intensify the training of highly qualified personnel (primarily at regional universities) competent to work in the conditions of digitalisation of the economy. Scientists and specialists in the field of human capital development can use the research findings to create state policies to ensure human resources in Russian regions.
{"title":"Determinants of Human Resources Considering Industry Specialisation","authors":"исследовательская статья, Zhanna A. Ermakova, N. Speshilova, Vyacheslav N. Shepel","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"Since digitalisation of the economy greatly affects the labour market, human resources in each constituent entity of Russia should be developed taking into account regional specialisation (agriculture, industry or other). Thus, the study aims to substantiate the determinants of human resources in regional economy by considering the dominance of various economic activities. Statistical data analysis, as well as comparison and causal analysis methods were utilised. The following significant determinants of human resources in regional economy were identified: the management system, labour availability and movement, vocational education system and, in particular, the role of local universities in it. The study suggested to introduce an automated intelligent decision support system (AIDSS) into the activities of regional authorities and proposed a methodological approach to the block-by-block organisation of data storage (on the example of Orenburg oblast). It is noted that the architecture and algorithm of AIDSS are being developed, which can be used for managing personnel, as well as for studying and predicting various factors affecting regional economy. The testing demonstrated that the population in Orenburg oblast has been decreasing since 2014. The share of rural population decreased more than the urban one; this factor negatively affected the reproduction of labour resources, considering economic specialisation of this regions. Orenburg oblast is characterised by slow implementation of innovations and the need to develop knowledge-intensive industries; therefore, it is necessary to intensify the training of highly qualified personnel (primarily at regional universities) competent to work in the conditions of digitalisation of the economy. Scientists and specialists in the field of human capital development can use the research findings to create state policies to ensure human resources in Russian regions.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90985424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-17
F. Firmansyah, S. Oktavilia, S. Handayani
The similarity of the industrial structure of the main industries in two neighboring regencies, Wonosobo and Temanggung, Indonesia, is expected to result in equality demand for intermediate and primary inputs. The neighbouring regencies are located in the mountainous area and had similarities in economic structure. The goals of this study were to analyse the economic structure, select 5 main sectors in each district, and compare the impact of the economic investment on the main sectors in order to identify the effectiveness of the investment in the same production sector in the context of its impact on the economy. This research employed independent Input-Output analysis using the 2016 Input-Output Tables of Wonosobo and Temanggung regencies to evaluate the flow of intersectoral transactions and develop a multiplier analysis to determine development strategies which are shock injections applied to each region. This study hypothesises that the increase of sectoral investments increases output which is relatively the same in 5 corresponding industries in both regions. The obtained results showed that the selected main sector included Trade, Other Food and Beverage Industries, Building, and Wood and Wood Materials Industries. The investment on the main industrial sector led to a higher improvement in Temanggung rather than in Wonosobo. By simulating investment policies in two adjoining regencies, the optimally economic impact on each region and the cooperation approach used to carry out development planning can be assessed.
{"title":"Industries Development with the Input-Output Analysis: Investment Simulation on Two Regencies in Indonesia","authors":"F. Firmansyah, S. Oktavilia, S. Handayani","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-17","url":null,"abstract":"The similarity of the industrial structure of the main industries in two neighboring regencies, Wonosobo and Temanggung, Indonesia, is expected to result in equality demand for intermediate and primary inputs. The neighbouring regencies are located in the mountainous area and had similarities in economic structure. The goals of this study were to analyse the economic structure, select 5 main sectors in each district, and compare the impact of the economic investment on the main sectors in order to identify the effectiveness of the investment in the same production sector in the context of its impact on the economy. This research employed independent Input-Output analysis using the 2016 Input-Output Tables of Wonosobo and Temanggung regencies to evaluate the flow of intersectoral transactions and develop a multiplier analysis to determine development strategies which are shock injections applied to each region. This study hypothesises that the increase of sectoral investments increases output which is relatively the same in 5 corresponding industries in both regions. The obtained results showed that the selected main sector included Trade, Other Food and Beverage Industries, Building, and Wood and Wood Materials Industries. The investment on the main industrial sector led to a higher improvement in Temanggung rather than in Wonosobo. By simulating investment policies in two adjoining regencies, the optimally economic impact on each region and the cooperation approach used to carry out development planning can be assessed.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80091553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-3
Jel O18, Т. Б. Мельникова, Tatyana B. Melnikova, Tatyana B. Melnikova — Cand, Sci. Econ
The ambiguity of the causal relationship between knowledge creation and regional growth does not indicate its insignificance, as proven by numerous empirical studies. However, such works rarely examine small towns, characterised by uncertainty of knowledge sources. The article aims to identify and compare groups of similar small towns in the Central, Ural and Southern Federal Districts by using a set of knowledge localisation factors. A two-stage clustering was performed by the k-means method according to the following criteria: interactions between actors, specific knowledge stock and financial resources for commercialisation. The resulting cluster centres were divided into quartiles according to the grading system (good, satisfactory or poor). First, the study revealed 10 clusters in the Central Federal District, 7 clusters in the Ural Federal District and 5 clusters in the Southern Federal District. In 35 % of the towns of the Southern Federal District, 35 % of the Central Federal District and 38 % of the Ural Federal District, the estimated specific knowledge stock exceeded the availability of financial resources. Second, towns were differentiated by population and divided into two groups depending on the agglomeration impact of larger cities. Clusters were formed within each group and federal district. 50 % of Ural towns with a population of 10,000 to 20,000 people unaffected by the agglomeration, as well as 62 % of towns with more than 20,000 people have the advantage of specific knowledge stock over financial resources. These values are 18 % and 8 %, respectively, for the Central Federal District, 36 % and 30 % for the Southern Federal District. The findings can help extend the analytical framework for making decisions on the small towns development. Future research may focus on establishing measures to improve the characteristics of clusters.
{"title":"Differentiation of Small Towns by Knowledge Localisation Factors","authors":"Jel O18, Т. Б. Мельникова, Tatyana B. Melnikova, Tatyana B. Melnikova — Cand, Sci. Econ","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"The ambiguity of the causal relationship between knowledge creation and regional growth does not indicate its insignificance, as proven by numerous empirical studies. However, such works rarely examine small towns, characterised by uncertainty of knowledge sources. The article aims to identify and compare groups of similar small towns in the Central, Ural and Southern Federal Districts by using a set of knowledge localisation factors. A two-stage clustering was performed by the k-means method according to the following criteria: interactions between actors, specific knowledge stock and financial resources for commercialisation. The resulting cluster centres were divided into quartiles according to the grading system (good, satisfactory or poor). First, the study revealed 10 clusters in the Central Federal District, 7 clusters in the Ural Federal District and 5 clusters in the Southern Federal District. In 35 % of the towns of the Southern Federal District, 35 % of the Central Federal District and 38 % of the Ural Federal District, the estimated specific knowledge stock exceeded the availability of financial resources. Second, towns were differentiated by population and divided into two groups depending on the agglomeration impact of larger cities. Clusters were formed within each group and federal district. 50 % of Ural towns with a population of 10,000 to 20,000 people unaffected by the agglomeration, as well as 62 % of towns with more than 20,000 people have the advantage of specific knowledge stock over financial resources. These values are 18 % and 8 %, respectively, for the Central Federal District, 36 % and 30 % for the Southern Federal District. The findings can help extend the analytical framework for making decisions on the small towns development. Future research may focus on establishing measures to improve the characteristics of clusters.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83146452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-20
V. Myakshin, V. Petrov, T. N. Pesiakova
Objective and reliable information on the investment results, as well as the methodology for their comprehensive assessment are necessary to make effective investment decisions. The conducted analysis of modern investment ratings revealed numerous methodological problems. Thus, the present study aims to develop a new and promising tool for examining the investment attractiveness of Russian regions and assessing the effectiveness of their investment policy. Kaplan and Norton’s balanced score-card model is used as the main research method. The configuration of the balanced scorecard was determined in accordance with the key investment factors; it includes four components: development; natural resource; political, economic and social; production and financial. The study identified main assessment indicators connected with the key investment factors and information needs of investment actors (pubic authorities, private investors, population). Additionally, the article proposed assessment methods and a measuring system based on the target values of indicators, depending on the objectives of regional investment policy. To determine the achievement of these objectives, the target and actual (showing the investment results) values of indicators were compared. The significant deviation of these values allowed us to establish priorities of regional investment policy. Based on the data from the Federal State Statistics Service, the developed methodology was tested on regions of the Russian Arctic. The natural resource component positively influences the investment attractiveness of these regions, while the development component has a negative impact. The revealed differentiation and multidirectional dynamics of integral indicators indicate an imbalance in certain areas of the investment policy of these regions (excluding the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)), limiting the realisation of their investment potential. Based on the research results, ways to increase regional investment attractiveness were described.
{"title":"Methodology for Assessing the Effectiveness of Investment Policy in Russian Regions","authors":"V. Myakshin, V. Petrov, T. N. Pesiakova","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-20","url":null,"abstract":"Objective and reliable information on the investment results, as well as the methodology for their comprehensive assessment are necessary to make effective investment decisions. The conducted analysis of modern investment ratings revealed numerous methodological problems. Thus, the present study aims to develop a new and promising tool for examining the investment attractiveness of Russian regions and assessing the effectiveness of their investment policy. Kaplan and Norton’s balanced score-card model is used as the main research method. The configuration of the balanced scorecard was determined in accordance with the key investment factors; it includes four components: development; natural resource; political, economic and social; production and financial. The study identified main assessment indicators connected with the key investment factors and information needs of investment actors (pubic authorities, private investors, population). Additionally, the article proposed assessment methods and a measuring system based on the target values of indicators, depending on the objectives of regional investment policy. To determine the achievement of these objectives, the target and actual (showing the investment results) values of indicators were compared. The significant deviation of these values allowed us to establish priorities of regional investment policy. Based on the data from the Federal State Statistics Service, the developed methodology was tested on regions of the Russian Arctic. The natural resource component positively influences the investment attractiveness of these regions, while the development component has a negative impact. The revealed differentiation and multidirectional dynamics of integral indicators indicate an imbalance in certain areas of the investment policy of these regions (excluding the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)), limiting the realisation of their investment potential. Based on the research results, ways to increase regional investment attractiveness were described.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"298 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75807862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-16
T. Belova, I. N. Chernyshov, R. Gubanov
The state policy of protectionism in the agri-food sector yielded ambiguous results, such as success in agriculture and achievement of food security thresholds on the one hand, and a sharp increase in food prices on the other. Sugar market has satisfied domestic demand and therefore needs either export expansion or production restriction. The article analyses the development dynamics of the sugar beet industry and sugar consumer market in 2000-2021. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of existing state support measures in the sugar market, considering changes in import substitution. It is hypothesised that in case of saturation of the market with domestic products, the state should support consumers rather than producers. Statistical data analysis and simulation modelling were used as the main research methods. Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC) was chosen to indicate changes in state support. Domestic market volume under constant demand was assessed. Given that the average per capita sugar consumption remains at 39 kg/person, domestic consumption is 5.8 million tonnes. Considering current production volumes (7.6 million tonnes), the equilibrium price of sugar is estimated at 37 roubles/kg. Calculated NPC values show the dominance of market price transfers for sugar producers. Thus, it is necessary to switch to unrelated support measures for strengthening the effect of market mechanisms. The results can be adapted to develop specific agricultural policy instruments. Future research may conduct deeper structural analysis of selected segments of food markets in order to identify regional and corporate characteristics of participant interaction and adjustment of state regulation measures.
{"title":"Product Segments of the Agri-food Market: Unified Approach or Targeted State Regulation","authors":"T. Belova, I. N. Chernyshov, R. Gubanov","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-16","url":null,"abstract":"The state policy of protectionism in the agri-food sector yielded ambiguous results, such as success in agriculture and achievement of food security thresholds on the one hand, and a sharp increase in food prices on the other. Sugar market has satisfied domestic demand and therefore needs either export expansion or production restriction. The article analyses the development dynamics of the sugar beet industry and sugar consumer market in 2000-2021. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of existing state support measures in the sugar market, considering changes in import substitution. It is hypothesised that in case of saturation of the market with domestic products, the state should support consumers rather than producers. Statistical data analysis and simulation modelling were used as the main research methods. Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC) was chosen to indicate changes in state support. Domestic market volume under constant demand was assessed. Given that the average per capita sugar consumption remains at 39 kg/person, domestic consumption is 5.8 million tonnes. Considering current production volumes (7.6 million tonnes), the equilibrium price of sugar is estimated at 37 roubles/kg. Calculated NPC values show the dominance of market price transfers for sugar producers. Thus, it is necessary to switch to unrelated support measures for strengthening the effect of market mechanisms. The results can be adapted to develop specific agricultural policy instruments. Future research may conduct deeper structural analysis of selected segments of food markets in order to identify regional and corporate characteristics of participant interaction and adjustment of state regulation measures.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88066579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-12
James Okrah, James Okrah — Research Engineer
Innovation is an essential component of a company’s survival in this competitive world of business. Firms in free and competitive marketplaces are compelled to adopt more efficient production techniques and provide customers with new and improved products. This research examines the impact of competition on innovation in free and competitive marketplaces. The study is motivated by the Russian government’s goal of increasing productivity of small and medium-sixed enterprises (SMEs) to 32% of gross domestic product. The study employed the Logit model to analyse the data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey. The findings reveal that fierce competition has a significant negative effect on innovation. Specifically, competition reduces product, process, and new product innovation by 5%, 3%, and 3.5% respectively. The step-by-step innovation model indicates that competition stimulates innovation in firms operating in contestable markets. Additionally, higher levels of competition negatively affect new product innovation. These results suggest that intense competition may impede firms’ ability to innovate, particularly in the areas of product development, process improvement, and introducing new products. However, competition acts as a driving force that compels firms to innovate in order to maintain their competitiveness in the market. Consequently, increased competition may lead to a diversion of resources towards research and development (R&D), potentially limiting firms’ capacity to introduce new products.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Impact of Firm Level Competition on Russian Innovation","authors":"James Okrah, James Okrah — Research Engineer","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-12","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation is an essential component of a company’s survival in this competitive world of business. Firms in free and competitive marketplaces are compelled to adopt more efficient production techniques and provide customers with new and improved products. This research examines the impact of competition on innovation in free and competitive marketplaces. The study is motivated by the Russian government’s goal of increasing productivity of small and medium-sixed enterprises (SMEs) to 32% of gross domestic product. The study employed the Logit model to analyse the data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey. The findings reveal that fierce competition has a significant negative effect on innovation. Specifically, competition reduces product, process, and new product innovation by 5%, 3%, and 3.5% respectively. The step-by-step innovation model indicates that competition stimulates innovation in firms operating in contestable markets. Additionally, higher levels of competition negatively affect new product innovation. These results suggest that intense competition may impede firms’ ability to innovate, particularly in the areas of product development, process improvement, and introducing new products. However, competition acts as a driving force that compels firms to innovate in order to maintain their competitiveness in the market. Consequently, increased competition may lead to a diversion of resources towards research and development (R&D), potentially limiting firms’ capacity to introduce new products.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83361941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-8
Joanna Muszyńska, E. Wędrowska, . JoannaMuszyńskaiD
For years, income inequality and its sources have remained the focus of attention of many researchers. The present article aims to expand and update the knowledge concerning the dimensions of household income inequality in European countries. The paper focuses on the association between the educational attainment and income inequality. It is hypothesised that the different level of income inequality observed in different countries can depend on the educational attainment of the society. Therefore, the main research objective of the article is to explain how the education level of the head of household affects income inequality in fourteen West-EU countries. The analysis also has two empirical aims: to assess the divergence in the mean incomes of the distinguished subgroups of households and to measure how much of the overall inequality can be attributed to the distance between these subgroups rather than to inequalities within them. To this end, the Generalised Entropy measures were applied, using the representative microdata derived from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). The obtained results indicate that the education level has a significant impact on the income variability between households, with some differences between countries. The study also revealed that the higher proportion of people with the lowest level of education, the higher inter-group income differentiation. Moreover, the study demonstrates that most countries with a high proportion of well-educated people also show low levels of inequality at the bottom of the distribution. This suggests that income inequality could be controlled through the development of education.
{"title":"Does Education Affect Income Inequality? A Comparative Review of Fourteen European Countries","authors":"Joanna Muszyńska, E. Wędrowska, . JoannaMuszyńskaiD","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-8","url":null,"abstract":"For years, income inequality and its sources have remained the focus of attention of many researchers. The present article aims to expand and update the knowledge concerning the dimensions of household income inequality in European countries. The paper focuses on the association between the educational attainment and income inequality. It is hypothesised that the different level of income inequality observed in different countries can depend on the educational attainment of the society. Therefore, the main research objective of the article is to explain how the education level of the head of household affects income inequality in fourteen West-EU countries. The analysis also has two empirical aims: to assess the divergence in the mean incomes of the distinguished subgroups of households and to measure how much of the overall inequality can be attributed to the distance between these subgroups rather than to inequalities within them. To this end, the Generalised Entropy measures were applied, using the representative microdata derived from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). The obtained results indicate that the education level has a significant impact on the income variability between households, with some differences between countries. The study also revealed that the higher proportion of people with the lowest level of education, the higher inter-group income differentiation. Moreover, the study demonstrates that most countries with a high proportion of well-educated people also show low levels of inequality at the bottom of the distribution. This suggests that income inequality could be controlled through the development of education.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76662995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-19
И. А. Коргун, I. Korgun
The COVID-19 pandemic and US-China confrontation caused a reconfiguration of global value chains. Since multinational companies choose the China Plus One strategy and seek to diversify their production, Southeast Asian economies and particularly Vietnam have been gaining importance. The present paper aims to analyse the participation of Vietnam in global value chains in terms of its relations with the Republic of Korea. It is hypothesised that as a major trade and investment partner, Korea provides significant value added of Vietnamese exports, contributing to the integration of Vietnam into value chains. Using formulas for assessing a country’s participation in global value chains, the study examined statistics from the international Trade in Value Added (TiVA) database, UNCTAD trade data, and national investment statistics of Korea. Regression analysis was performed to confirm the influence of Korea on Vietnamese exports. The conducted research revealed the growing importance of Vietnam in global value chains. Since 2016, Korean foreign direct investment has been affecting the diversification of Vietnam’s participation in industry value chains, demonstrating the importance of Korea in the development of national manufacturing capabilities. The emerging relationship between these two economies indicates a redistribution of industrial capital in East Asia that contributes to the regionalisation of value chains. The obtained findings can be used for further analysis of global value chains, as well as for studying economic development and transformations, shifts in the balance of economic power due to increasing competition between East Asian countries.
{"title":"Participation of Vietnam in Global Value Chains in the Context of Their Regionalisation","authors":"И. А. Коргун, I. Korgun","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-19","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic and US-China confrontation caused a reconfiguration of global value chains. Since multinational companies choose the China Plus One strategy and seek to diversify their production, Southeast Asian economies and particularly Vietnam have been gaining importance. The present paper aims to analyse the participation of Vietnam in global value chains in terms of its relations with the Republic of Korea. It is hypothesised that as a major trade and investment partner, Korea provides significant value added of Vietnamese exports, contributing to the integration of Vietnam into value chains. Using formulas for assessing a country’s participation in global value chains, the study examined statistics from the international Trade in Value Added (TiVA) database, UNCTAD trade data, and national investment statistics of Korea. Regression analysis was performed to confirm the influence of Korea on Vietnamese exports. The conducted research revealed the growing importance of Vietnam in global value chains. Since 2016, Korean foreign direct investment has been affecting the diversification of Vietnam’s participation in industry value chains, demonstrating the importance of Korea in the development of national manufacturing capabilities. The emerging relationship between these two economies indicates a redistribution of industrial capital in East Asia that contributes to the regionalisation of value chains. The obtained findings can be used for further analysis of global value chains, as well as for studying economic development and transformations, shifts in the balance of economic power due to increasing competition between East Asian countries.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72371532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-15
E. Tyutyukina, R. Melnikov, T. Sedash, D. Egorova
The implementation of the sustainable development concept determines economic growth while reducing the negative impact on the environment. To achieve this, investments in environmental protection are required, which, first of all, should be stimulated by the national environmental policy. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of environmental policy instruments (charges for emission limits, charges for exceeding emission limits, fines, costs for eco-control, interbudgetary transfers, mandatory environmental insurance, regional tax incentives) on the development of regional investments in environmental protection in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation based on Federal State Statistics Service data. The research methods are panel regressions with fixed and random effects, the typology of regions by industry specialization based on the values of the localization coefficients, various types of analysis (structural, groupings). Our findings demonstrate that the Russian environmental policy pursued in Russia contributed to a slight increase in current environmental expenditures in the regions, primarily in the regions of agricultural specialization, but did not stimulate an increase in environmental investments in fixed assets. As a result, environmental quality indicators did not improve in the majority of Russian regions. Eco-control costs (in industrial regions), and charges for emission limits (in industrial and agro-industrial regions) have the greatest incentive to increase environmental costs. Fines, interbudgetary transfers, mandatory environmental insurance, regional tax incentives do not have a significant impact on environmental investment in fixed assets in Russian regions. To improve the efficiency of the state environmental policy the authors propose to increase the charge for exceeding emission limits and fines for environmental law violation, to revise the target nature of interbudgetary transfers in terms of stimulating environmental investments in fixed assets, and to implement pilot projects to introduce environmental policy instruments that comply with best international practices.
{"title":"The Impact of the Russian Environmental policy on Regional Investments in Environmental protection","authors":"E. Tyutyukina, R. Melnikov, T. Sedash, D. Egorova","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-15","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of the sustainable development concept determines economic growth while reducing the negative impact on the environment. To achieve this, investments in environmental protection are required, which, first of all, should be stimulated by the national environmental policy. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of environmental policy instruments (charges for emission limits, charges for exceeding emission limits, fines, costs for eco-control, interbudgetary transfers, mandatory environmental insurance, regional tax incentives) on the development of regional investments in environmental protection in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation based on Federal State Statistics Service data. The research methods are panel regressions with fixed and random effects, the typology of regions by industry specialization based on the values of the localization coefficients, various types of analysis (structural, groupings). Our findings demonstrate that the Russian environmental policy pursued in Russia contributed to a slight increase in current environmental expenditures in the regions, primarily in the regions of agricultural specialization, but did not stimulate an increase in environmental investments in fixed assets. As a result, environmental quality indicators did not improve in the majority of Russian regions. Eco-control costs (in industrial regions), and charges for emission limits (in industrial and agro-industrial regions) have the greatest incentive to increase environmental costs. Fines, interbudgetary transfers, mandatory environmental insurance, regional tax incentives do not have a significant impact on environmental investment in fixed assets in Russian regions. To improve the efficiency of the state environmental policy the authors propose to increase the charge for exceeding emission limits and fines for environmental law violation, to revise the target nature of interbudgetary transfers in terms of stimulating environmental investments in fixed assets, and to implement pilot projects to introduce environmental policy instruments that comply with best international practices.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85079677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-8
N. Kurmanov, G. Kabdullina, Zh. Zh. Aliyeva
Changes in the labour market are an inevitable result of technological progress. In these cir-cumstances, the effectiveness of public policy will depend on the correct projection of the future bal-ance in the labour market and on the drivers that can affect the technological development, elimination or preservation of jobs. Based on correlation and regression analysis, the study examines the influence of various factors on the transformation of regional labour markets in the context of digitalisation. The con-ducted calculations revealed that the human capital and entrepreneurial activity in the region influence the labour market the most. The calculated coefficient of elasticity shows that when the share of students in the population increases by 1 %, the value of the variable of the share of IT employees in the total num-ber of employees increases by 0.15 %. Increase in the ratio of small enterprises to the labour force by 1 unit shall increase the share of IT employees in the total number of employees by 0.002 %. However, at present, information and communication infrastructure is not a key factor in the development of labour market and new sectors, expanding opportunities for digital entrepreneurship, as well as online and of-fline training. Also, region’s innovative potential (level of business innovation in the regions by techno-logical innovations) is not a significant indicator of the intensity of development of new economic sec-tors and the formation of a regional base of accumulated knowledge and competencies. It was concluded that for the developing economy of Kazakhstan, the improvement of information and communication in-frastructure based on digital platforms is more rational for the labour market’s further development.
{"title":"Development of Kazakhstan’s Regional Labour Markets in the Digital Economy: Factors and Conditions","authors":"N. Kurmanov, G. Kabdullina, Zh. Zh. Aliyeva","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-8","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the labour market are an inevitable result of technological progress. In these cir-cumstances, the effectiveness of public policy will depend on the correct projection of the future bal-ance in the labour market and on the drivers that can affect the technological development, elimination or preservation of jobs. Based on correlation and regression analysis, the study examines the influence of various factors on the transformation of regional labour markets in the context of digitalisation. The con-ducted calculations revealed that the human capital and entrepreneurial activity in the region influence the labour market the most. The calculated coefficient of elasticity shows that when the share of students in the population increases by 1 %, the value of the variable of the share of IT employees in the total num-ber of employees increases by 0.15 %. Increase in the ratio of small enterprises to the labour force by 1 unit shall increase the share of IT employees in the total number of employees by 0.002 %. However, at present, information and communication infrastructure is not a key factor in the development of labour market and new sectors, expanding opportunities for digital entrepreneurship, as well as online and of-fline training. Also, region’s innovative potential (level of business innovation in the regions by techno-logical innovations) is not a significant indicator of the intensity of development of new economic sec-tors and the formation of a regional base of accumulated knowledge and competencies. It was concluded that for the developing economy of Kazakhstan, the improvement of information and communication in-frastructure based on digital platforms is more rational for the labour market’s further development.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84207788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：