Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention最新文献

Background: The impact of earthquakes on mental health is profound. Aim: This study examines the short-term impact of the Noto Peninsula earthquake (magnitude 7.6) in Japan in January 2024 on the number of suicides and investigates the existence of the pulling together effect or honeymoon phase in suicide trends. Method: Suicide data from disaster-affected areas in Ishikawa Prefecture from January 2017 to June 2024 were analyzed using Poisson regression and prophet models. Results: Both models identified fewer suicides than predicted for 3 consecutive months (March-May 2024). This trend was observed even when the affected areas were subdivided into multiple regions. Limitations: Economic factors and data on suicide attempts or mental disorders were not included in the analysis. Conclusion: This study provides evidence supporting the pulling together effect or honeymoon phase, suggesting that increased community support following a disaster temporarily reduces suicide risk.

Background: The issue of where suicides take place has rarely been studied. Aims: To examine the distribution of suicide locations and which factors may influence this choice. Method: Data were obtained from the Tyrol Suicide Register. In total, 3,257 suicides were included. Suicide sites were categorized according to proximity to community of residence (COR), actual place of suicide, and potential visibility. Results: About three quarters of suicides occurred in the COR and nearly half in the person's own apartment/house or adjoining places. In the case of 1/3 of suicides, it was considered possible that the suicide could have been observed. Higher age was associated with suicide in the COR. There were associations of the actual place of suicide with gender, age, living situation, period, season, and daytime. Similar associations were found for potential visibility. There was a temporal trend from tracks/bodies of water/public spaces at the beginning of the study to own apartment/house and toward less possibility of suicides to be observed in the last decade. Limitations: Lacking data due to post hoc data processing. Conclusion: Locations chosen for suicide vary significantly in a number of variables. In a considerable number of cases, suicides may have been observed what offers perspectives for suicide prevention.

Background: The Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) is an evidence-based approach to reducing suicidal ideation. To date, there is limited evidence of the feasibility of implementing CAMS within the United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS). Aims: The paper aims to describe the implementation of CAMS in an NHS adult mental health service and to report data on engagement and change in self-rated suicidal ideation. Method: Data on engagement, suicidal ideation, and care pathways were gathered for 88 people who started CAMS. Results: 75% of participants completed CAMS. Attendance rates were good. Self-rated suicidal ideation decreased significantly, with 68% of completers reporting a decrease. Participants with Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (EUPD) showed higher initial ratings of suicidal ideation but similar improvements. Just over half the participants were referred for psychological therapy after CAMS. Limitations: As an uncontrolled case series, the study could not conclude that changes in suicidal ideation were due to CAMS. It was not possible to report on changes in suicidal behavior. Key demographic data were missing. Conclusion: Implementation of CAMS in an NHS setting appears feasible and merits further study.

Background: Veterans die by suicide at higher rates than their civilian counterparts. Given this, it is likely veterans also experience high rates of suicide exposure. Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore suicide exposure in veterans and its impact on mental health. Method: Survey data were collected from 3,188 veterans. Data were collected online using a multipronged sampling strategy. Suicide exposure, PTSD, depression, and suicide risk were measured in the survey. Odds ratios were produced through a series of bivariate logistic regressions. Results: Just under 60% (59.2%) of veterans reported experiencing exposure to suicide, with the majority of participants indicating multiple exposures. Veterans exposed to suicide were twice as likely to meet criteria for PTSD, depression, and suicide risk. Limitations: The use of convenience samples and the geographically distinct sampling area may limit the generalizability of the findings. The fact that the survey used self-reported measures, the inability to infer causality, and the severity of exposure were also limitations. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate veterans may be exposed to suicide at high rates and that exposure may create increased risk for negative mental health outcomes. Results have implications for risk assessment, intervention after suicide exposure as well as suicide prevention efforts.

Background: Digital-based mobile interventions hold significant promise in preventing suicide. Although mixed, some evidence suggests these interventions are effective and capable of overcoming barriers such as cost and stigma. Aim(s): This review aimed to determine the effectiveness of digital interventions designed to address suicidal ideation and behaviors and the impacts of age, gender, and control group type on these outcomes. Methods: Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on digital suicide interventions (apps/online programs) published before January 1, 2022. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model in Stata 17. Results: The search identified 4,317 articles, and 16 were included. Risk of bias analysis found studies to be of low-to-moderate quality. The random-effects model indicated a small but significant effect of treatment on suicidal ideation, k = 16, g = 0.11 (95% CI: 0-0.23), p = .049. Subgroup analyses found the interventions to have a significant effect on adults (g = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.28, p = .01) but not adolescents. The interventions showed better effects compared to waitlist controls (g = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.38) but not compared to treatment as usual or active controls [χ²(2) = 29.41, p < .001]. Limitations: Sample sizes across studies were insufficient for examining the effectiveness of digital interventions by gender. Limited studies reported on suicidal behaviors, so the impact of digital interventions on these behaviors could not be analyzed. Conclusions: This review found a significant effect of digital interventions for reducing suicidal ideation and highlights the importance of examining the effectiveness across subgroups.

Background: Youth suicidality presents challenges for healthcare workers, particularly in Nova Scotia, Canada, where rates exceed national averages. Professional confidence, comfort, and anxiety in managing suicidal youth may be associated with training and education. Aims: This study examined associations between healthcare workers' educational backgrounds, their mental health training, and their perceptions, attitudes, and emotional responses when working with suicidal youth. Method: A cross-sectional survey of 123 healthcare workers in Nova Scotia assessed demographics, training, and clinical responses. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations, t-tests, and regression analyses (adjusting for experience) examined associations between training, confidence, comfort, and anxiety. Results: Participants reported moderate confidence (M = 3.7, SD = 0.9) and comfort (M = 3.7, SD = 0.9), with higher anxiety (M = 3.0, SD = 1.0), particularly in family-related contexts (M = 3.5, SD = 1.1). General training was associated with greater confidence and comfort but not significantly with anxiety. Specialized training (e.g., mental health degrees) was associated with lower anxiety and reduced avoidance of suicidal youth and families. Limitations: The cross-sectional design, self-report measures, and purposive sampling limit causal inference and generalizability. Conclusion: Findings suggest training type relates to professional responses, highlighting the need for further research on tailored educational interventions.

Background: Passive and active suicidal ideation (SI) have been shown to be co-occurring but are distinguishable constructs with presumably differential sets of predictors. Aims: The present analysis integrates nomothetic and idiographic analyses to unravel the relations between passive and active SI and momentary affective states in real-time data to tap several knowledge gaps. Methods: 54 psychiatric inpatients rated their current passive and active SI and positive as well as negative affect for six consecutive days (10 random prompts daily) using ecological momentary assessments on smartphones. Data were analyzed using group iterative multiple model estimation (GIMME). Results: On subgroup level, only significant contemporaneous paths emerged (with no direct paths from affect to active SI). In general, the personalized models revealed large heterogeneity. The number, direction, and strengths of individual paths differed enormously (with fewer direct paths from affect to active SI than to passive SI overall). Passive and active SI were interrelated in the majority of individual models. Limitations: Findings are limited by item wording, co-occurence of passive and active SI, and the short observation interval. Conclusion: The heterogeneous individual models potentially reflect structural and functional differences in the development and maintenance of SI.

Background: Suicide prevention strategies internationally recommend promoting responsible media reporting of suicide to reduce negative impacts on population suicides. Existing tools to assess the quality of suicide reporting do not capture specific harmful features of the online setting. We aimed to adapt PRINTQUAL, a tool for assessing newspaper reporting of suicide, for online news reports. Methods: We identified all online news reports about the 2020 suicide of a British female television celebrity over a 14-month period and used content analysis to identify features of poor-quality and good-quality reporting based on media guidelines on suicide reporting. We gained expert consensus on items to include negative/poor-quality and positive/good-quality subscales for the new tool: PRINTQUAL-web. Weightings were calculated using an expert judgement ranking exercise. Results: Content analysis of 342 online articles published from 15/02/20 to 05/04/21 identified 18 items for a proposed negative/poor-quality subscale and four items for a positive/good-quality subscale, gaining consensus on inclusion/exclusion and weightings, and rescaling scores for easier interpretation. Limitations: PRINTQUAL-web does not account for article prominence or quantitative reach (e.g., views or circulation) and relies on a binary agree/disagree rating which may not capture nuance. Conclusions: The PRINTQUAL-web and PRINTQUAL tools assess the quality of online and print reporting of suicide, respectively, with rescaling permitting score comparisons across different corpora of reporting.