Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention最新文献

Background: Prevention strategies for suicide emphasize restrictions on firearm access. These restrictions may lose efficacy if individuals substitute other lethal suicide methods. Aims: The objective of this study is to determine the extent to which individuals who die by suicide in the United States substitute hanging for firearm injury. Methods: This study is a repeated cross-sectional analysis of suicide deaths in the United States from 2003 to 2021. Multiple regression was used to estimate the effect of firearm access proxies on individual suicide methods (hanging vs. firearm injury). Results: The probability of death by hanging was significantly and negatively associated with proxies of firearm access. Limitations: This study does not compare crude rates of suicide by state, which rise on average with rates of firearm ownership. The National Violent Death Reporting System expanded over the sample period, so early years have incomplete ascertainment. Rates of gun ownership and gun safety law scales are measured as proxies. Conclusions: Although means restriction around firearm access is a critical tool for suicide prevention, complementary strategies for prevention around hanging merit further study.

Background: Real-time suicide registers are being established in many countries and enable regular monitoring of suspected suicides over time. The use of these data to monitor for suicide clusters is in its infancy. Aims: We sought to test the feasibility of using real-time suicide register data to detect spatiotemporal suicide clusters. Method: Using the Victorian Suicide Register and SaTScan's spatiotemporal scan statistic, we simulated a monthly search for clusters from January 2015 to June 2022 using rolling 2-year windows of data in each search. Monthly scans were performed at three different levels of geographic granularity and for all-ages and under-25 populations. Results: Our results indicated the rapid identification of possible suicide clusters and demonstrated a practical approach to combining real-time suicide data and scanning algorithms. We developed new model outputs that showed cluster timelines. Limitations: The main limitations are that the computational burden of fitting multiple models meant we were unable to scan for ellipses and other irregular shapes and we were unable to consider space-time permutation models. Conclusions: Using data from a real-time suicide register, we were able to scan for space-time suicide clusters simulating the situation where the data are updated monthly with new updates.

Background: In 2018, news outlets began reporting on a suicide epidemic among New York City's yellow taxi drivers. Within months, print, television, radio, and internet outlets had produced pieces describing the deaths of drivers struggling to endure transformations in their industry. Aims: We explored taxi drivers' perspectives regarding suicide news coverage and the degree to which the coverage affected their lives. Methods: Current and recent taxi drivers participated in open-ended, life-history-informed interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results: We interviewed 21 participants. Four themes related to interviewees' experience of suicide-related media coverage emerged: drivers' awareness of the news coverage and opinions regarding it, the degree to which the coverage motivated drivers to engage in conversation with others about stress, the extent to which coverage inspired drivers to think differently about mental health, and perceptions regarding the media's broader characterization of taxi drivers. Limitations: Interviews were conducted in English, a second language for many taxi drivers. Conclusion: Taxi drivers expressed diverse views regarding media reporting on driver suicides, with some viewing it as helpful, while others critiqued it as simplistic, stigmatizing, and sensationalist.

Background: While Gatekeeper Training (GKT) is an accepted component of suicide prevention strategies, there is little evidence about its effectiveness with Indigenous populations and online. Aims: This study examined the effects of LifeKeepers, a novel GKT, comprising three modalities: General, e-learning, and a culturally tailored Māori (New Zealand Indigenous) training. Methods: A total of 5,981 participants completed measures of declarative knowledge, perceived knowledge, and self-efficacy pre- and post-training. Participants rated satisfaction with LifeKeepers, its safety considerations and cultural acceptability post-training. Results: There were statistically significant improvements across all outcome measures (declarative knowledge 1.3 [95% CI 1.3-1.4], perceived knowledge 10.9 [95% CI 10.7-11.1], and self-efficacy 2.5 [95% CI 2.5-2.6]), including across all modalities. More than 90% of participants rated satisfaction, cultural acceptability, and safety considerations highly. Limitations: Without a control group, changes may not be solely due to engagement in LifeKeepers. Conclusions: This study offers preliminary evidence of the immediate effectiveness of LifeKeepers, across its in-person, Indigenous Māori, and e-learning modalities. It addresses a critical literature gap by exploring participants' safety perspectives and strongly supports LifeKeepers as a primary suicide prevention intervention in New Zealand, especially for Indigenous Māori communities. Comparable outcomes for e-learning participants indicate wider accessibility, bolstering suicide prevention efforts.

Aims: While there is substantial literature on gender and research productivity, bearing mixed results, no study is available for suicidology. The present investigation fills this gap and focuses on an influential elite. Methods: Data are taken from the Web of Science (WoS). They refer to the most prolific suicidologists (N = 116) with 70 or more works on the subject of suicide cited in WoS. Measures of research productivity include the number of works on suicide, citations to these works, and the h-index. The link between gender and the measures of research productivity is adjusted for years of experience, membership in a local research cluster, and region of the world. Results: Adjusting for the other predictors, males had more publications than females. However, gender did not predict either measure of quality of research (citations, h-index). Years of experience, as well as membership in a research cluster, predicted research productivity in most analyses. Region was unrelated to research productivity. Limitations: Further work on productivity might assess additional potential predictors including marital status, grant funding, and presence of young children. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between the genders in research quality. Similar results have been noted in previous work on prolific scientists.

Background: Despite men's high suicide risk, gender perspectives in suicide prevention research are scarce. Aims: The goal of this systematic review was to describe the desirable and adverse effects of distribution channels and message strategies of communicative suicide prevention interventions among men. Methods: Databases PubMed and Web of Science were searched for quantitative randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies examining the effectiveness of male-specific or general communicative interventions among men. Narrative synthesis was used to summarize findings. Results: Fifty-five studies published in peer-reviewed articles until October 15, 2021, were included. Findings demonstrate that interpersonal, mass media, and digital media interventions impact suicide-related outcomes preventively. Mass media interventions are not suitable to impact men's emotions in a prevention-desirable way. Message strategies interactivity, emotional appeals, and clear calls to action demonstrated high effectiveness, while expert exemplars, visualizations, and personalization were rather ineffective. Limitations: However, the review was not able to prove causality, could not distinguish between multichannel interventions and single-channel interventions, or between specific combinations of channels and message strategies. Discussion: The systematic review provides some guidance on which channels and message strategies to apply in communicative suicide prevention for men.

Background: Between April 7 and 14, 2019, the "Breaking the Silence" media engagement campaign was launched in Oregon. Aims: We aimed to assess the consistency of media content related to the campaign with media guidelines and the quantitative footprint on Twitter (now X) over time. Method: Media items related to the campaign were analyzed regarding focus and consistency with media guidelines for suicide reporting and compared with other suicide-related reports published in the same time frame, as well as with reporting in Washington, the control region. Tweets related to the campaign were retrieved to assess the social media footprint. Results: There were n = 104 media items in the campaign month, mainly in the campaign week. Items typically used a narrative featuring suicide advocacy or policy/prevention programs. As compared to other items with a similar focus, they scored better on several protective characteristics listed in media recommendations. Stories of coping with adversity, however, were scarce. The social media footprint on Twitter was small. Limitations: Inability to make causal claims about campaign impact. Conclusion: Media items from the Breaking the Silence campaign appeared mainly consistent with media guidelines, but some aspects, such as stories of recovery, were under-represented.

Background: There is conflicting evidence on the suicide rates of different public safety personnel (PSP). There have been few studies that compare suicides in PSP with the general population and none that have used a detailed comparison of coroner records. Aims: The current study estimates suicide rates among different PSP and compares PSP suicides with the general population. Method: We identified coroner records of PSP suicides from January 2014 to December 2018 and compared each one to two matched general population controls. Results: We identified 36 PSP suicides and 72 general population controls. Police had a higher suicide rate than other PSP groups. PSP were more likely to die by firearm, be separated/divorced or married, die in a motor vehicle, have problems at work, and have a PTSD diagnosis. PSP were less likely to die by jumping. Limitations: The study may have not identified all PSP suicides. Apart from the cause of death, data in coroner records are not systematically collected, so information may be incomplete. Conclusion: PSP suicides appear different than the general population. Death records need to have an occupation identifier to enable monitoring of trends in occupational groups, such as PSP.