Pub Date : 2020-04-17DOI: 10.1177/1086026619886841
Charlotte Marie Walther, K. Poldner, H. Kopnina, D. Dentoni
This article provides a nano (hyperlocal) view of climate change mitigation by viewing regenerative organizing through the eyes (as well as bodies and senses, etc.) of the households engaged in community-based energy projects. By showing what humans make up for in the largely absent relationship between nature and technology in these projects, we envision an incremental extension of the literature on community-based energy. The radically different contribution we aim to make is a tripartite imbrication that brings in natural agency alongside the human and the technical but specifies precisely how nano (smaller than micro) embodied practices afford mis- and realignments.
{"title":"“Nano” Regeneration: How Human Agency Intermediates Between Nature and Technology in Community-Based Energy","authors":"Charlotte Marie Walther, K. Poldner, H. Kopnina, D. Dentoni","doi":"10.1177/1086026619886841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026619886841","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a nano (hyperlocal) view of climate change mitigation by viewing regenerative organizing through the eyes (as well as bodies and senses, etc.) of the households engaged in community-based energy projects. By showing what humans make up for in the largely absent relationship between nature and technology in these projects, we envision an incremental extension of the literature on community-based energy. The radically different contribution we aim to make is a tripartite imbrication that brings in natural agency alongside the human and the technical but specifies precisely how nano (smaller than micro) embodied practices afford mis- and realignments.","PeriodicalId":47984,"journal":{"name":"Organization & Environment","volume":"34 1","pages":"581 - 594"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1086026619886841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45124903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1177/1086026619853783
Thomas P. Lyon
This special issue presents five articles that explore the linkages between social movements and private environmental standards that are not promulgated by governments. They draw on disciplines ranging from economics to political science to sociology to law. This introduction places the articles in context and explains their origins and intent.
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on “Social Movements and Private Environmental Governance”","authors":"Thomas P. Lyon","doi":"10.1177/1086026619853783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026619853783","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue presents five articles that explore the linkages between social movements and private environmental standards that are not promulgated by governments. They draw on disciplines ranging from economics to political science to sociology to law. This introduction places the articles in context and explains their origins and intent.","PeriodicalId":47984,"journal":{"name":"Organization & Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"3 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1086026619853783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47600881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1177/1086026620907225
{"title":"Erratum to The Role of Universities in Private Environmental Governance Experimentalism","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/1086026620907225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026620907225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47984,"journal":{"name":"Organization & Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"149 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1086026620907225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48203544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-09DOI: 10.1177/1086026619858874
Devin Judge-Lord, C. McDermott, B. Cashore
Due to inconsistent concepts of regulatory stringency, scholars offer conflicting accounts about whether competing private governance initiatives “race to the bottom,” “ratchet up,” “converge,” or “diverge.” To remedy this, we offer a framework for more systematic comparisons across programs and over time. We distinguish three often-conflated measures of stringency: regulatory scope, prescriptiveness, and performance levels. Applying this framework, we compare competing U.S. forestry certification programs, one founded by environmental activists and their allies, the other by the national industry association. We find ‘upwardly divergent’ policy prescriptiveness: both programs increased in prescriptiveness, but this increase was greater for the activist-backed program. Furthermore, requirements added by the activist-backed program were more likely to impose costs on firms than requirements added by the industry-backed program, many of which may even benefit firms. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that industry-backed programs emphasize less costly types of stringency than activist-backed programs. They also reveal patterns of change that previous scholarship failed to anticipate, illustrating how disentangling types of stringency can improve theory building and testing.
{"title":"Do Private Regulations Ratchet Up? How to Distinguish Types of Regulatory Stringency and Patterns of Change","authors":"Devin Judge-Lord, C. McDermott, B. Cashore","doi":"10.1177/1086026619858874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026619858874","url":null,"abstract":"Due to inconsistent concepts of regulatory stringency, scholars offer conflicting accounts about whether competing private governance initiatives “race to the bottom,” “ratchet up,” “converge,” or “diverge.” To remedy this, we offer a framework for more systematic comparisons across programs and over time. We distinguish three often-conflated measures of stringency: regulatory scope, prescriptiveness, and performance levels. Applying this framework, we compare competing U.S. forestry certification programs, one founded by environmental activists and their allies, the other by the national industry association. We find ‘upwardly divergent’ policy prescriptiveness: both programs increased in prescriptiveness, but this increase was greater for the activist-backed program. Furthermore, requirements added by the activist-backed program were more likely to impose costs on firms than requirements added by the industry-backed program, many of which may even benefit firms. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that industry-backed programs emphasize less costly types of stringency than activist-backed programs. They also reveal patterns of change that previous scholarship failed to anticipate, illustrating how disentangling types of stringency can improve theory building and testing.","PeriodicalId":47984,"journal":{"name":"Organization & Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"125 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1086026619858874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46661892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-09DOI: 10.1177/1086026620907192
Sarah E. Light
In our federal, constitutional system of government, the states are often lauded as “laboratories of experimentation” for public policy, including for public environmental law. Yet private actors are playing an increasingly important role as parallel regulators through the adoption of private environmental governance. Private environmental governance can functionally advance one of federalism’s core values: policy experimentalism. To the extent that private governance by business firms arouses skepticism for this experimental role because firms’ motives to achieve profit in a competitive environment differ from the incentives motivating public regulators, private universities offer an alternative institutional locus for experimentalism. Using Yale University’s recent adoption of a private carbon charge as a case study, this article argues that universities should play a greater role in private environmental governance experimentalism, and are worthy of more scholarly focus.
{"title":"The Role of Universities in Private Environmental Governance Experimentalism","authors":"Sarah E. Light","doi":"10.1177/1086026620907192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026620907192","url":null,"abstract":"In our federal, constitutional system of government, the states are often lauded as “laboratories of experimentation” for public policy, including for public environmental law. Yet private actors are playing an increasingly important role as parallel regulators through the adoption of private environmental governance. Private environmental governance can functionally advance one of federalism’s core values: policy experimentalism. To the extent that private governance by business firms arouses skepticism for this experimental role because firms’ motives to achieve profit in a competitive environment differ from the incentives motivating public regulators, private universities offer an alternative institutional locus for experimentalism. Using Yale University’s recent adoption of a private carbon charge as a case study, this article argues that universities should play a greater role in private environmental governance experimentalism, and are worthy of more scholarly focus.","PeriodicalId":47984,"journal":{"name":"Organization & Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"57 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1086026620907192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43676474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1177/1086026619893990
Franziska Sump, Sangyoon Yi
Organizations often respond in different ways to common external shocks. To advance theories on organizational adaptation and performance heterogeneity, it is essential to understand different reasons for different organizational responses. We examine how incumbents in carbon-intensive industries adapt to heightened environmental pressure to reduce carbon emissions. Based on a review of the literature, we propose three dimensions along which diverse organizational responses can be efficiently mapped out: goal, timing, and scope. Building on our proposed dimensions, we develop a typology of five different organizational responses. With this, we show that organizational responses are more diverse than a one-dimensional scale could show but that the heterogeneity is somehow limited as the positions on the dimensions are not independent but correlated. To understand this observed limited heterogeneity, we proceed by identifying reasons behind different organizational responses. Furthermore, we discuss the theoretical implications of our findings for research on organizational adaptation and sustainability.
{"title":"Different Reasons for Different Responses: A Review of Incumbents’ Adaptation in Carbon-Intensive Industries","authors":"Franziska Sump, Sangyoon Yi","doi":"10.1177/1086026619893990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026619893990","url":null,"abstract":"Organizations often respond in different ways to common external shocks. To advance theories on organizational adaptation and performance heterogeneity, it is essential to understand different reasons for different organizational responses. We examine how incumbents in carbon-intensive industries adapt to heightened environmental pressure to reduce carbon emissions. Based on a review of the literature, we propose three dimensions along which diverse organizational responses can be efficiently mapped out: goal, timing, and scope. Building on our proposed dimensions, we develop a typology of five different organizational responses. With this, we show that organizational responses are more diverse than a one-dimensional scale could show but that the heterogeneity is somehow limited as the positions on the dimensions are not independent but correlated. To understand this observed limited heterogeneity, we proceed by identifying reasons behind different organizational responses. Furthermore, we discuss the theoretical implications of our findings for research on organizational adaptation and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":47984,"journal":{"name":"Organization & Environment","volume":"34 1","pages":"323 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1086026619893990","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47526423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-15DOI: 10.1177/1086026619893971
Hanna Nilsson-Lindén, Andreas Diedrich, H. Baumann
Life cycle management (LCM) is a concept that goes beyond traditional corporate environmental management, due to its focus on a product’s entire life cycle. The spread of such concepts is usually understood in terms of processes of “diffusion,” whereby ideas spread over time by some inexplicable force. However, diffusion has proven less adequate to describe how ideas spreads in practice. Here, we address this oversight by studying the emergence and performance of what we refer to as life cycle practices. Drawing on an analysis of the development of a sustainability portfolio within a globally operating manufacturing company, we illustrate the kinds of life cycle work involved in dealing with local activities and interests, connecting activities and interests into action nets, performing life cycle practices, and spreading the life cycle idea. Finally, we discuss implications of life cycle work for research in the field of organization and management studies and for LCM research.
{"title":"Life Cycle Work: A Process Study of the Emergence and Performance of Life Cycle Practice","authors":"Hanna Nilsson-Lindén, Andreas Diedrich, H. Baumann","doi":"10.1177/1086026619893971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026619893971","url":null,"abstract":"Life cycle management (LCM) is a concept that goes beyond traditional corporate environmental management, due to its focus on a product’s entire life cycle. The spread of such concepts is usually understood in terms of processes of “diffusion,” whereby ideas spread over time by some inexplicable force. However, diffusion has proven less adequate to describe how ideas spreads in practice. Here, we address this oversight by studying the emergence and performance of what we refer to as life cycle practices. Drawing on an analysis of the development of a sustainability portfolio within a globally operating manufacturing company, we illustrate the kinds of life cycle work involved in dealing with local activities and interests, connecting activities and interests into action nets, performing life cycle practices, and spreading the life cycle idea. Finally, we discuss implications of life cycle work for research in the field of organization and management studies and for LCM research.","PeriodicalId":47984,"journal":{"name":"Organization & Environment","volume":"34 1","pages":"99 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1086026619893971","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43985830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-09DOI: 10.1177/1086026619897545
Yetkin Borlu, L. Glenna
The agricultural sector offers a unique opportunity to examine the topic of climate change because agriculture is more susceptible to climate disruptions than many other industrial sectors. Based on the analysis of the survey data and in-depth interviews with specialty-crop producers in California, New York, Pennsylvania, and Washington, we test the capacity of ecological modernization and treadmill of production perspectives to explain how resource-intensive producers recognize water availability and climate change as threats to their operation’s economic viability. We find that producers in capitalist markets recognize natural resource problems; however, they fail to respond to climate change beyond natural resource problems. We also find that local markets play a positive role in raising environmental awareness of producers. Finally, our finding on the association between the perceptions of water availability and climate change goes beyond the treadmill of production dualism that only theorizes the impacts of economic factors on the environment.
{"title":"Environmental Concern in a Capitalist Economy: Climate Change Perception Among U.S. Specialty-Crop Producers","authors":"Yetkin Borlu, L. Glenna","doi":"10.1177/1086026619897545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026619897545","url":null,"abstract":"The agricultural sector offers a unique opportunity to examine the topic of climate change because agriculture is more susceptible to climate disruptions than many other industrial sectors. Based on the analysis of the survey data and in-depth interviews with specialty-crop producers in California, New York, Pennsylvania, and Washington, we test the capacity of ecological modernization and treadmill of production perspectives to explain how resource-intensive producers recognize water availability and climate change as threats to their operation’s economic viability. We find that producers in capitalist markets recognize natural resource problems; however, they fail to respond to climate change beyond natural resource problems. We also find that local markets play a positive role in raising environmental awareness of producers. Finally, our finding on the association between the perceptions of water availability and climate change goes beyond the treadmill of production dualism that only theorizes the impacts of economic factors on the environment.","PeriodicalId":47984,"journal":{"name":"Organization & Environment","volume":"34 1","pages":"198 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1086026619897545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42184603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1177/1086026619897532
Jean-Pierre Imbrogiano
A sustainability service industry has emerged that promotes the adoption of management tools, mechanisms, and procedures. This emergence took place despite a knowledge gap of how sustainability performance occurs in businesses. To understand practices amid the knowledge gap, this article explores through problematization how the performance orientations of practitioners and researchers relate to each other in the business sustainability field. The article unearths that like the sustainability service industry in practice, scholarship implicitly accepts assumptions of contingency in research designs. Because these implicit assumptions are unattended, it seems, to date, not possible for researchers to provide evidence-based guidance to practitioners on how to address business unsustainability. In addition, basic concepts of contingency are not yet established in this field to explain performance, rendering the acceptance of corresponding assumptions unfounded. The article concludes with research suggestions for the development of theory of sustainability performance in businesses.
{"title":"Contingency in Business Sustainability Research and in the Sustainability Service Industry: A Problematization and Research Agenda","authors":"Jean-Pierre Imbrogiano","doi":"10.1177/1086026619897532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026619897532","url":null,"abstract":"A sustainability service industry has emerged that promotes the adoption of management tools, mechanisms, and procedures. This emergence took place despite a knowledge gap of how sustainability performance occurs in businesses. To understand practices amid the knowledge gap, this article explores through problematization how the performance orientations of practitioners and researchers relate to each other in the business sustainability field. The article unearths that like the sustainability service industry in practice, scholarship implicitly accepts assumptions of contingency in research designs. Because these implicit assumptions are unattended, it seems, to date, not possible for researchers to provide evidence-based guidance to practitioners on how to address business unsustainability. In addition, basic concepts of contingency are not yet established in this field to explain performance, rendering the acceptance of corresponding assumptions unfounded. The article concludes with research suggestions for the development of theory of sustainability performance in businesses.","PeriodicalId":47984,"journal":{"name":"Organization & Environment","volume":"34 1","pages":"298 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1086026619897532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48496792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-13DOI: 10.1177/1086026619893960
Jia Xu, Jiuchang Wei, H. Chen
Firms’ stigmatization due to deviation from social norms has received extensive attention in recent years. The increasing significance of the social norm requiring firms to protect the natural environment contributes to the emergence of pollution stigma over the heavily polluting firms. We apply the stigma theory to the National Specially Monitored firms of China and expand past research by developing a framework to understand the interactive effects of external stakeholder’s pressure on the tendency for these firms to disengage from the pollution stigma. We find that (a) there is diminishing returns to scale in the joint effect between hard and soft regulative pressure and in that between regulative and normative pressure, (b) the positive effect of mimetic pressure from environmental protection exemplary firms is exacerbated when dilution of stigma responsibility is low, and (c) dilution of stigma responsibility weakens the positive effect of stigma intensity on firms’ disengagement tendencies.
{"title":"Pollution Stigma and Manufacturing Firms’ Disengagement Effort: Interactive Effects of Pressures From External Stakeholders","authors":"Jia Xu, Jiuchang Wei, H. Chen","doi":"10.1177/1086026619893960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026619893960","url":null,"abstract":"Firms’ stigmatization due to deviation from social norms has received extensive attention in recent years. The increasing significance of the social norm requiring firms to protect the natural environment contributes to the emergence of pollution stigma over the heavily polluting firms. We apply the stigma theory to the National Specially Monitored firms of China and expand past research by developing a framework to understand the interactive effects of external stakeholder’s pressure on the tendency for these firms to disengage from the pollution stigma. We find that (a) there is diminishing returns to scale in the joint effect between hard and soft regulative pressure and in that between regulative and normative pressure, (b) the positive effect of mimetic pressure from environmental protection exemplary firms is exacerbated when dilution of stigma responsibility is low, and (c) dilution of stigma responsibility weakens the positive effect of stigma intensity on firms’ disengagement tendencies.","PeriodicalId":47984,"journal":{"name":"Organization & Environment","volume":"34 1","pages":"243 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1086026619893960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43514467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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