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Deep Sea Mining in Social Sciences: A Systematic Review 深海采矿在社会科学中的应用:系统综述
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1002/jid.70001
Lacin Idil Oztig

The effort to reduce carbon emissions and combat global warming has resulted in a significant increase in global demand for copper, cobalt, nickel and manganese, which are crucial components of electric vehicles, solar panels and wind turbines. The extraction of terrestrial mines is becoming increasingly problematic due to environmental challenges and human rights violations. Consequently, there is a growing interest in exploring deep sea mining (DSM) as a viable alternative source. The majority of literature on DSM originates from the disciplines of engineering, environmental science, earth and planetary sciences and agricultural and biological sciences. However, recent years have witnessed a greater focus on DSM in social science research. The objective of the present study is to perform a systematic review of social science articles on DSM. To accomplish this purpose, the screening of articles on DSM published between 1 January 2018 and 27 December 2024 was carried out using the SCOPUS database. Subsequent filters were applied to narrow down the results to include only social science articles. A total of 45 articles met the eligibility criteria. This study provides critical insights into the current landscape of social science research on DSM, shedding light on key aspects of the field. Although various studies address the political, legal, environmental and socio-economic dimensions of DSM, there is a notable absence of perspective from the international relations (IR) discipline. With the increasing relevance of DSM in global trade, politics and security, IR scholars have the unique opportunity to explore new dimensions of power dynamics related to the oceanic realm. This study identifies potential research trajectories in the context of regime theory, norm diffusion processes, spatial theorizing and interdisciplinary approaches that could be explored by IR scholars in the future.

减少碳排放和应对全球变暖的努力导致全球对铜、钴、镍和锰的需求大幅增加,这些都是电动汽车、太阳能电池板和风力涡轮机的关键部件。由于环境挑战和侵犯人权,地面地雷的开采正变得越来越成问题。因此,人们越来越有兴趣探索深海采矿(DSM)作为一种可行的替代来源。大多数关于DSM的文献来源于工程、环境科学、地球与行星科学、农业与生物科学等学科。然而,近年来,社会科学研究越来越关注DSM。本研究的目的是对DSM的社会科学文章进行系统的回顾。为了实现这一目的,使用SCOPUS数据库对2018年1月1日至2024年12月27日期间发表的DSM文章进行了筛选。随后使用过滤器将结果缩小到只包括社会科学文章。共有45篇文章符合资格标准。这项研究提供了对DSM社会科学研究的当前景观的关键见解,揭示了该领域的关键方面。虽然各种各样的研究解决了DSM的政治、法律、环境和社会经济方面的问题,但明显缺乏国际关系(IR)学科的视角。随着DSM在全球贸易、政治和安全中的相关性日益增强,国际关系学者有了独特的机会来探索与海洋领域相关的权力动态的新维度。本研究确定了未来国际关系学者在制度理论、规范扩散过程、空间理论和跨学科方法的背景下可能探索的研究轨迹。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating Copyright Risk and Governance Challenges in Artificial Intelligence Development: A Case Study From China 人工智能发展中的版权风险和治理挑战:以中国为例
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1002/jid.4007
Jian Liu, Liping Shen, Weihua Huang

The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) poses significant challenges regarding copyright risk and governance. This research seeks to examine the copyright risks and governance challenges associated with AI development in China. This research employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, integrating structured surveys (n = 461) and semistructured interviews (n = 78) targeting AI developers, legal experts, regulators and copyright holders in China. China was selected as the focus of this study due to its rapid advancements in AI development, evolving regulatory landscape and growing global influence in shaping digital governance norms. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software for descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis using NVivo software. The findings showed that AI-powered copyright detection systems play an important role in ensuring fair compensation and protecting intellectual property rights. This study of copyright risk and governance challenges inherent in AI creation contributes novel insight by analysing collaborative governance (CG) in AI accessibility, AI copyright detection to ensure fair compensation for content creators, integrating copyright in responsible AI development and blockchain-based copyright management. The study recommends that clear copyright regulations and CG mechanisms address the issues of AI creation and emphasize proactive measures to reduce risks, promote innovation and uphold ethical and responsible development in the evolving landscape of AI.

人工智能(AI)的进步对版权风险和治理提出了重大挑战。本研究旨在研究与中国人工智能发展相关的版权风险和治理挑战。本研究采用融合并行混合方法设计,结合结构化调查(n = 461)和半结构化访谈(n = 78),针对中国的人工智能开发者、法律专家、监管机构和版权所有者。之所以选择中国作为本研究的重点,是因为中国在人工智能发展方面取得了快速进展,监管格局不断变化,在塑造数字治理规范方面的全球影响力日益增强。定量数据使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)软件进行描述性和推断性统计,而定性数据使用NVivo软件进行专题分析。研究结果表明,人工智能驱动的版权检测系统在确保公平补偿和保护知识产权方面发挥着重要作用。这项对人工智能创作中固有的版权风险和治理挑战的研究,通过分析人工智能可访问性中的协作治理(CG)、人工智能版权检测以确保对内容创作者的公平补偿、将版权整合到负责任的人工智能开发和基于区块链的版权管理中,贡献了新的见解。该研究建议,明确的版权法规和CG机制可以解决人工智能创造的问题,并强调在不断变化的人工智能环境中采取主动措施降低风险,促进创新,维护道德和负责任的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Decoding the Nexus of Economic Empowerment, Status Inconsistency, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Women in India 解读印度妇女经济赋权、地位不一致和亲密伴侣暴力之间的关系
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1002/jid.4002
Binod Kumar Behera, Parijata Pradhan

Women empowerment has gained increasing recognition as one of the pivotal strategies for addressing many development challenges within the purview of policymakers. The United Nations has also endorsed gender equality and women's empowerment as sustainable development goals. However, the issue regarding the effect of women's empowerment on violence against women remains unresolved. The existing literature argues that women with enhanced economic opportunities can yield greater influence within their familial structures, potentially affording them greater protection against intimate partner violence (IPV). Conversely, the improved economic status of women may disrupt the established power dynamics within male-dominated societies, potentially heightening the IPV. In India, about 29.3% of ever-married women have experienced various forms of violence by their partners, highlighting the severity of the issue. Importantly, IPV not only inflicts physical and psychological harm but also hampers the economic capacity of women to work, earn, and make decisions regarding the health and education of their children, obstructing overall development. This study explores the impact of women's economic empowerment on IPV in India. Utilizing data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) conducted in 2019–2021, our results show that working women are more likely to experience IPV than their counterparts. However, it has been found that a woman's decision-making power in spending her own and her husband's money is a significant factor in decreasing the incidence of IPV. Among working women, if a woman earns more than her husband, then there is less probability of experiencing IPV than a woman earning less than her husband. Further, women working in high-paying jobs are less susceptible to IPV. Simply providing an opportunity to work may not be helpful in reducing the vulnerability of women; rather, holistic empowerment through empowering the decision-making power and employment in a high-paid job may be the right way.

增强妇女权能已日益被认为是解决决策者职权范围内许多发展挑战的关键战略之一。联合国还赞同将性别平等和赋予妇女权力作为可持续发展目标。但是,关于赋予妇女权力对对妇女的暴力行为的影响的问题仍然没有解决。现有文献认为,经济机会增加的妇女可以在其家庭结构中产生更大的影响,可能为她们提供更大的保护,免受亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)。相反,妇女经济地位的提高可能会破坏男性主导的社会中既定的权力动态,可能会提高IPV。在印度,约有29.3%的已婚妇女遭受过伴侣的各种形式的暴力,这凸显了问题的严重性。重要的是,IPV不仅造成身体和心理伤害,而且还妨碍妇女的经济能力,使她们无法工作、挣钱并就子女的健康和教育作出决定,从而阻碍全面发展。本研究探讨了印度妇女经济赋权对IPV的影响。利用2019-2021年进行的全国家庭健康调查(NFHS-5)的数据,我们的结果显示,职业女性比同龄人更容易患IPV。然而,研究发现,女性在花费自己和丈夫的钱方面的决策权是降低IPV发病率的一个重要因素。在职业女性中,如果一名女性的收入比丈夫高,那么患IPV的可能性就比收入比丈夫低的女性要小。此外,从事高收入工作的妇女不太容易受到IPV的影响。简单地提供工作机会可能无助于减少妇女的脆弱性;相反,通过赋予决策权和高薪工作的就业机会来全面赋权可能是正确的方式。
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引用次数: 0
The Capital Structure of Microfinance Borrowers: A Dynamic Market Segmentation Analysis 小额信贷借款人的资本结构:一个动态的市场细分分析
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1002/jid.4005
Lucas Lopes Ferreira de Souza, Francesca Bassi, Ana Augusta Ferreira de Freitas, Márcio de Oliveira Mota, Samuel Façanha Câmara

This paper studies the capital structure of businesses supported by microcredit based on the pecking order theory (POT) using dynamic market segmentation. It analyses secondary data on the Crediamigo program. Then it estimates latent class Markov models to perform a dynamic segmentation of the customers. The analyses indicate that the structure of the business capital based on microcredit is in line with POT's principles due to prioritizing equity capital when contracting loans. Furthermore, the higher the profit, the lower the debt. Distinct segments of clients show different capital structures. Probabilities of moving across these segments over time also estimated. This study highlights practical implications for microfinance institutions based on the beneficiaries' varying indebtedness conditions and demonstrates the impacts of indebtedness on both the business and the family. Moreover, it reveals new empirical evidence regarding formal and informal business capital structure supported by microcredit programs and identifies the pattern of these structures and their likelihood of transition across different economic conditions.

本文采用动态市场细分的方法,基于啄序理论对小额信贷支持企业的资本结构进行了研究。它分析了Crediamigo项目的次要数据。然后估计潜在类马尔可夫模型,对客户进行动态分割。分析表明,基于小额信贷的商业资本结构符合POT原则,因为在签订贷款时优先考虑权益资本。此外,利润越高,债务越低。不同的客户群体表现出不同的资本结构。还估计了在一段时间内跨越这些段的概率。本研究强调了基于受益人不同负债状况对小额信贷机构的实际影响,并展示了负债对企业和家庭的影响。此外,它还揭示了小额信贷项目支持的正规和非正规企业资本结构的新经验证据,并确定了这些结构的模式及其在不同经济条件下转型的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of the Deployment and Departure of UN Peacekeeping Operations on Foreign Direct Investment 联合国维和行动部署和撤离对外国直接投资的影响
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1002/jid.4006
Wakako Maekawa

Do United Nations peacekeeping operations (UNPKOs) foster foreign direct investment (FDI) in host countries over time? I argue that the deployment of UNPKOs increases FDI by signaling credibility in peace and the rule of law. However, once peacekeepers depart, uncertainty regarding political stability, due to premature withdrawal and unemployment shocks deters investment in the short term. Over time, however, FDI increases as investors recognize the country's growing resilience, shaped by the legacy of UNPKOs. Empirical analyses test these hypotheses, demonstrating that while the departure of peacekeepers initially slows investment, it ultimately accelerates FDI inflows in the long run.

联合国维持和平行动能否长期促进东道国的外国直接投资?我认为,部署维和行动表明了和平与法治方面的信誉,从而增加了外国直接投资。然而,一旦维和人员离开,由于过早撤离和失业冲击造成的政治稳定不确定性将在短期内阻碍投资。然而,随着时间的推移,外国直接投资增加,因为投资者认识到该国在维和行动遗产的影响下日益增强的复原力。实证分析对这些假设进行了检验,结果表明,虽然维和人员的离开最初会减缓投资,但从长期来看,它最终会加速外国直接投资流入。
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引用次数: 0
Armed Conflict and Livestock Species Choices in Northern Nigeria: Evidence From Panel Data Analysis 尼日利亚北部武装冲突与牲畜品种选择:来自小组数据分析的证据
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1002/jid.4008
Olusegun Fadare, Isaac Omorogbe

This study examines how armed conflict influences livestock species choices among households in northern Nigeria, a region with livelihoods largely dependent on livestock keeping. Using household panel survey data with global georeferenced conflict data, this study observes significant trends in livestock ownership patterns from 2010 to 2016. Results from the fixed-effects multinomial logit model show that higher conflict intensity, measured by fatalities, reduces the likelihood of owning larger livestock, especially cattle, but it increases ownership of smaller, more resilient livestock such as poultry, sheep and goats. This shift has implications for household income and nutrition. This study highlights the importance of policies that consider conflict and promote diversified livestock holdings as a sustainable livelihood strategy in conflict-vulnerable regions.

本研究考察了武装冲突如何影响尼日利亚北部家庭对牲畜品种的选择,该地区的生计主要依赖于牲畜饲养。本研究利用家庭面板调查数据和全球地理参考冲突数据,观察到2010年至2016年牲畜所有权模式的显著趋势。固定效应多项logit模型的结果表明,以死亡人数衡量的冲突强度越高,饲养大型牲畜(尤其是牛)的可能性就越低,但饲养家禽、绵羊和山羊等小型、适应性更强的牲畜的可能性就越大。这种转变对家庭收入和营养都有影响。本研究强调了将冲突和促进畜牧业多样化作为冲突脆弱地区可持续生计战略的政策的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Rainfall-Induced Income Shocks on Crime: Evidence From Indonesia 降雨引起的收入冲击对犯罪的影响:来自印度尼西亚的证据
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1002/jid.4000
Allen Hardiman

This paper investigates the causal impact of rainfall shocks on crime rates in Indonesia by utilising two novel crime data sources: newspaper reports and crime victimisation data from a household survey. By leveraging the income data from the household survey, this study directly tests the economic channel through which rainfall affects crime. The findings reveal mixed results depending on the data source. Newspaper reports indicate no relationship between rainfall shocks and crime incidents. In contrast, analysis using the crime victimisation data demonstrates that positive rainfall shocks reduce the probability of becoming a victim of any crime by 12% compared with negative rainfall shocks. This reduction is driven entirely by property crimes, with no impact observed on other types of crime. These results highlight the nontrivial role of economic conditions in influencing property-related crime. I explore various reasons that may contribute to the different results between the two data sources.

本文通过利用两种新颖的犯罪数据来源:报纸报道和来自家庭调查的犯罪受害数据,调查了降雨冲击对印度尼西亚犯罪率的因果影响。本研究利用住户调查所得数据,直接检验降雨影响犯罪的经济渠道。研究结果显示,根据数据来源的不同,结果好坏参半。报纸报道显示,降雨与犯罪事件之间没有关系。相比之下,使用犯罪受害数据的分析表明,与负面降雨冲击相比,正面降雨冲击将成为任何犯罪受害者的可能性降低了12%。这种减少完全是由财产犯罪造成的,对其他类型的犯罪没有影响。这些结果突出了经济条件在影响与财产有关的犯罪方面的重要作用。我探讨了可能导致两个数据源之间结果不同的各种原因。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Integrating Agriculture and Tourism on Poverty Reduction in China's Ethnic Minority Areas 农业与旅游融合对中国少数民族地区减贫的影响
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1002/jid.4009
Mei Yang, Jinxi Wen, Mengyun Jiao, Lu Xiao

Agriculture and tourism integration serves as a pivotal strategy for transforming resource advantages into industrial strengths in ethnic minority regions, thereby advancing comprehensive poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. This study focuses on the eight ethnic provinces and regions in China, utilizing data collected from 2010 to 2019 to evaluate the development levels of both sectors. The coupling coordination degree between agriculture and tourism is assessed, serving as a threshold variable in the analysis. A panel data model is constructed to investigate the non-linear characteristics and threshold effects of agriculture and tourism integration on poverty alleviation. The results reveal that the coupling coordination degree and coupling level of agriculture and tourism in the eight ethnic provinces and regions have progressed from states of moderate or severe disorder to a primary stage of coordination. This indicates a positive trend in the agriculture and tourism integration. However, the overall development level remains suboptimal, underscoring the need for high-quality growth and deeper integration. The analysis identifies a threshold effect in the poverty alleviation impact of agriculture and tourism integration, characterized by distinct non-linear dynamics and a single threshold value of 0.421. The poverty reduction effect is significant both below and above this threshold. However, beyond the threshold, the marginal returns on poverty reduction diminish, suggesting a deceleration in the effectiveness of growth-driven poverty alleviation. This underscores the insufficiency of relying solely on existing methods to enhance the quality of poverty reduction. To address these challenges, innovative models and pathways must be explored to optimize the agriculture and tourism integration, fostering comprehensive poverty eradication and sustainable development in ethnic minority areas.

农旅融合是民族地区将资源优势转化为产业优势,推进民族地区全面脱贫和乡村振兴的关键战略。本研究以中国8个民族省区为研究对象,利用2010年至2019年收集的数据,对这两个部门的发展水平进行了评估。评估农业与旅游业之间的耦合协调程度,作为分析中的阈值变量。构建面板数据模型,考察农旅融合对扶贫的非线性特征和阈值效应。结果表明:8个民族省区农业与旅游的耦合协调程度和耦合水平已从中度或重度失调状态发展到初级协调阶段;这表明了农业与旅游融合的积极趋势。然而,总体发展水平仍不理想,需要高质量的增长和更深层次的融合。分析发现,农业与旅游一体化的减贫效应存在阈值效应,具有明显的非线性动态特征,且单一阈值为0.421。在这一阈值以下和以上,减贫效果都是显著的。然而,超过这个阈值,减贫的边际收益就会减少,这表明增长驱动型减贫的有效性在下降。这突出了仅仅依靠现有方法来提高减贫质量的不足。为应对这些挑战,必须探索创新模式和途径,优化农业与旅游的融合,促进民族地区全面消除贫困和可持续发展。
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引用次数: 0
The Provision of Information on Mobile Banking by Local Ambassadors: Experimental Evidence From Peru 当地大使提供移动银行信息:来自秘鲁的实验证据
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1002/jid.4001
M. Agurto, H. Djebbari, S. Sarangi, B. Silupú, C. Trivelli, J. Torres

A large proportion of adults in the developing world remain without access to formal banking. We assess the effectiveness of a network-based information delivery strategy in fostering interest to learn about and subscribe to mobile money services in rural and peri-urban communities in Peru. We posit that lack of information about mobile money technology is a barrier to financial inclusion, which can be mitigated through social proximity. We designed a randomized controlled trial where workshops were led by individuals personally known to participants (local ambassadors–treatment) or by external agents (control). We find that attendance and BiM subscription rates were twice as high in the local ambassadors' group, especially among low-trust individuals.

发展中国家仍有很大一部分成年人无法获得正规银行服务。我们评估了基于网络的信息传递策略在促进秘鲁农村和城郊社区了解和订阅移动货币服务的兴趣方面的有效性。我们认为,缺乏关于移动货币技术的信息是金融包容性的障碍,这可以通过社会接近来缓解。我们设计了一项随机对照试验,其中研讨会由参与者亲自认识的个人(当地大使-治疗)或外部代理人(对照)领导。我们发现,当地大使群体的出席率和BiM订阅率是当地大使群体的两倍,尤其是在信任度较低的人群中。
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引用次数: 0
A Systematic Review of the Role of Networks in Information Dissemination and Resource Pooling Among Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa: Impact on Farm Improvements, Empowerment and Behaviour Change 网络在撒哈拉以南非洲农民中信息传播和资源汇集中的作用的系统回顾:对农场改进、赋权和行为改变的影响
IF 1.7 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1002/jid.4004
Toritseju Begho, Oraye Dicta Ogisi

In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), farmer networks disseminate agricultural information, but challenges exist in information quality, reliability and integration with extension services. This paper reviews 84 studies from 2000 to 2023 using PRISMA guidelines. The main results are that farmer networks disseminate crucial agricultural information, which drives farm improvements like improved seed varieties, climate-smart practices and soil conservation. Networks also influence behaviour towards technology use for agricultural information, drive participation in agricultural insurance schemes and change risk attitudes. Empowerment through networks increases knowledge sharing, better marketing strategies and improved dietary diversity. Findings support policies to strengthen networks and integrate with extension services.

在撒哈拉以南非洲(SSA),农民网络传播农业信息,但在信息质量、可靠性和与推广服务的整合方面存在挑战。本文使用PRISMA指南回顾了2000年至2023年的84项研究。主要结果是,农民网络传播了关键的农业信息,推动了农业改良,如改良种子品种、气候智慧型做法和土壤保护。网络还影响对农业信息技术使用的行为,推动农业保险计划的参与,并改变对风险的态度。通过网络增强权能可以促进知识共享,改善营销策略,改善饮食多样性。调查结果支持加强网络和整合推广服务的政策。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of International Development
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