Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2023.2234534
Kaleigh A Decker, C. G. Lord
Abstract Numerous recent texts have explained societal polarization, emphasizing biased input through increased accessibility of extreme partisan information. We examined instead the possible role of biased output through biased attribution of personality traits to issue partisans. Two experiments tested the hypothesis that attributing personality traits to those who agree versus disagree with an attributor on controversial social issues might lead attributors to adopt more polarized impressions and behavioral intentions toward issue partisans, as well as to adopt more polarized attitudes toward the issue itself. These hypotheses were supported with two different social issues—abortion and kneeling during the national anthem. The results were interpreted as consistent with previous theory and research on both attributional bias and self-generated attitude polarization.
{"title":"Self-Polarization: Lionizing Those Who Agree and Demonizing Those Who Disagree","authors":"Kaleigh A Decker, C. G. Lord","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2023.2234534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2023.2234534","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Numerous recent texts have explained societal polarization, emphasizing biased input through increased accessibility of extreme partisan information. We examined instead the possible role of biased output through biased attribution of personality traits to issue partisans. Two experiments tested the hypothesis that attributing personality traits to those who agree versus disagree with an attributor on controversial social issues might lead attributors to adopt more polarized impressions and behavioral intentions toward issue partisans, as well as to adopt more polarized attitudes toward the issue itself. These hypotheses were supported with two different social issues—abortion and kneeling during the national anthem. The results were interpreted as consistent with previous theory and research on both attributional bias and self-generated attitude polarization.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43633201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2023.2224479
Dariusz Turek
Abstract Drawing on the Organizational Support Theory (OST) and Conservation of Resources Theory (COR), this study investigates how experiences of workplace incivility translate into employee outcomes: attitudinal (job satisfaction, affective commitment) and behavioral (task performance, contextual performance and counterproductive work behavior). It has been hypothesized that experiences of incivility from coworkers lead to the attribution of a lack of perceived organizational support (POS). As a result of this process, coworkers, unable to count on the support, react negatively at the attitudinal and behavioral level. The study was conducted on 405 employees from companies form various sectors operating in Poland. Statistical verifications of the moderation and mediation were conducted via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS. The results show that experiencing incivility from coworkers reduces POS, with the relationship growing stronger the more the employees are victimized by abusive supervision. Furthermore, the results revealed that POS fully mediates between experiencing incivility and employee attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. This study integrates research on workplace incivility, abusive supervision, POS and employee outcomes, and the findings have important implications for research on organizational behavior.
{"title":"How and When Workplace Incivility Decrease Employee Work Outcomes. A Moderated-Mediated Model","authors":"Dariusz Turek","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2023.2224479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2023.2224479","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drawing on the Organizational Support Theory (OST) and Conservation of Resources Theory (COR), this study investigates how experiences of workplace incivility translate into employee outcomes: attitudinal (job satisfaction, affective commitment) and behavioral (task performance, contextual performance and counterproductive work behavior). It has been hypothesized that experiences of incivility from coworkers lead to the attribution of a lack of perceived organizational support (POS). As a result of this process, coworkers, unable to count on the support, react negatively at the attitudinal and behavioral level. The study was conducted on 405 employees from companies form various sectors operating in Poland. Statistical verifications of the moderation and mediation were conducted via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS. The results show that experiencing incivility from coworkers reduces POS, with the relationship growing stronger the more the employees are victimized by abusive supervision. Furthermore, the results revealed that POS fully mediates between experiencing incivility and employee attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. This study integrates research on workplace incivility, abusive supervision, POS and employee outcomes, and the findings have important implications for research on organizational behavior.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43214940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2023.2208246
Smith Boonchutima, Apinya Surakanon
Abstract This study aims to examine the impact of two types of influencers, VTubers and streamers, on the purchase intention of Otaku and non-Otaku respondents. A quantitative approach using an online survey was conducted among Thai respondents (N = 686) to assess the influence of expertise, attractiveness, and trustworthiness on their purchase intention induced by VTubers and streamers. The results indicate that expertise, attractiveness, and trustworthiness are significant predictors of purchase intention for both types of influencers. However, the impact of these predictors varies depending on the type of influencer and respondent. The findings contribute to the literature on influencer marketing, source credibility, and Otaku subculture and have implications for marketers and content creators in the influencer marketing industry.
{"title":"The Impact of VTubers and Streamers on the Purchase Intention of Otaku and Non-Otaku Respondents: A Comparative Study","authors":"Smith Boonchutima, Apinya Surakanon","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2023.2208246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2023.2208246","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to examine the impact of two types of influencers, VTubers and streamers, on the purchase intention of Otaku and non-Otaku respondents. A quantitative approach using an online survey was conducted among Thai respondents (N = 686) to assess the influence of expertise, attractiveness, and trustworthiness on their purchase intention induced by VTubers and streamers. The results indicate that expertise, attractiveness, and trustworthiness are significant predictors of purchase intention for both types of influencers. However, the impact of these predictors varies depending on the type of influencer and respondent. The findings contribute to the literature on influencer marketing, source credibility, and Otaku subculture and have implications for marketers and content creators in the influencer marketing industry.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48198687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2023.2215365
Michael McCormick
Abstract Most decision-making inventories measure bias and little attempt is made to identify individuals who are more likely to maximize economic opportunities. Four experiments tested a novel measure of individual differences in normative decision making that is easy to administer and identifies a wide range of variance in economic choice. All four experiments demonstrated that responses to the Repeated Gambles Task (RGT) are independent of ostensibly related measures and identify the tendency to make normative decisions. The RGT may be used in educational, research and applied settings to examine the effectiveness of training and to aid in research and hiring decisions. As such, the RGT is offered as a novel tool for use in a wide-range of basic and applied settings.
{"title":"The Repeated Gambles Task: A Measure of Individual Differences in Normative Decision Making","authors":"Michael McCormick","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2023.2215365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2023.2215365","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Most decision-making inventories measure bias and little attempt is made to identify individuals who are more likely to maximize economic opportunities. Four experiments tested a novel measure of individual differences in normative decision making that is easy to administer and identifies a wide range of variance in economic choice. All four experiments demonstrated that responses to the Repeated Gambles Task (RGT) are independent of ostensibly related measures and identify the tendency to make normative decisions. The RGT may be used in educational, research and applied settings to examine the effectiveness of training and to aid in research and hiring decisions. As such, the RGT is offered as a novel tool for use in a wide-range of basic and applied settings.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45026631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2023.2179401
Stephen P. Lewis, P. Hasking, Lexy Staniland, M. Boyes, Joanna Collaton, Lachlan Bryce
Abstract Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has garnered increasing academic and media attention in society. While more awareness of NSSI is welcomed, inappropriate reporting of NSSI in media could heighten the potential for stigmatization and misunderstanding of NSSI and people who engage in it. Further, certain kinds of content (e.g., graphic imagery) may be harmful to people who self-injure (e.g., provoking urges to self-injure). These concerns notwithstanding, little research has focused on how NSSI has been portrayed in news media. Such knowledge would therefore represent a first step toward illuminating the nature of media depictions of NSSI and highlight potential areas to circumvent any concerns. Using content analysis, we explored how NSSI was portrayed in 568 online news articles about NSSI, published between 2007 and 2018, from top news sources in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Codes were developed based on prior research investigating online NSSI content, and the available existing and proposed media guidelines for the reporting of NSSI at the time of the study. While the overall tone of the examined articles was often neutral, areas of concern included: most articles detailing specific NSSI methods, the frequent inclusion of negative imagery, an absence of clear communication about what NSSI is and why people self-injure, the use of sensationalist and stigmatizing language, and a lack of helpful resources. These preliminary findings suggest the utility of a set of newly developed media guidelines on the reporting of NSSI as one component in an effort to address the stigmatization and misunderstanding of NSSI and individuals who self-injure.
{"title":"Self-Injury in the News: A Content Analysis","authors":"Stephen P. Lewis, P. Hasking, Lexy Staniland, M. Boyes, Joanna Collaton, Lachlan Bryce","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2023.2179401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2023.2179401","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has garnered increasing academic and media attention in society. While more awareness of NSSI is welcomed, inappropriate reporting of NSSI in media could heighten the potential for stigmatization and misunderstanding of NSSI and people who engage in it. Further, certain kinds of content (e.g., graphic imagery) may be harmful to people who self-injure (e.g., provoking urges to self-injure). These concerns notwithstanding, little research has focused on how NSSI has been portrayed in news media. Such knowledge would therefore represent a first step toward illuminating the nature of media depictions of NSSI and highlight potential areas to circumvent any concerns. Using content analysis, we explored how NSSI was portrayed in 568 online news articles about NSSI, published between 2007 and 2018, from top news sources in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Codes were developed based on prior research investigating online NSSI content, and the available existing and proposed media guidelines for the reporting of NSSI at the time of the study. While the overall tone of the examined articles was often neutral, areas of concern included: most articles detailing specific NSSI methods, the frequent inclusion of negative imagery, an absence of clear communication about what NSSI is and why people self-injure, the use of sensationalist and stigmatizing language, and a lack of helpful resources. These preliminary findings suggest the utility of a set of newly developed media guidelines on the reporting of NSSI as one component in an effort to address the stigmatization and misunderstanding of NSSI and individuals who self-injure.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47098080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2023.2174868
M. Misiak, O. Curry, Petr Tureček
Abstract We experimentally investigated whether appeals to moral principles—as operationalized by the theory of Morality-as-Cooperation—increase pandemic-related public health behavior. Participants (from the USA and India) were presented with persuasive messages, asked about their intentions to follow pandemic-related restrictions, were asked to donate to a charity fighting COVID-19, and completed the Morality-as-Cooperation Questionnaire. We found that moral messages were more effective than non-moral messages in increasing Prosocial Intentions and Donations, especially messages appealing to Heroism. In the US sample, the effect of moral messages was larger when they were concordant with participants’ moral values. We also found that some moral messages were effective only in a particular population. This paper outlines the necessary next steps for using Morality-as-Cooperation for evidence-based communication.
{"title":"Moral Messaging: Testing a Framing Technique during a Pandemic","authors":"M. Misiak, O. Curry, Petr Tureček","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2023.2174868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2023.2174868","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We experimentally investigated whether appeals to moral principles—as operationalized by the theory of Morality-as-Cooperation—increase pandemic-related public health behavior. Participants (from the USA and India) were presented with persuasive messages, asked about their intentions to follow pandemic-related restrictions, were asked to donate to a charity fighting COVID-19, and completed the Morality-as-Cooperation Questionnaire. We found that moral messages were more effective than non-moral messages in increasing Prosocial Intentions and Donations, especially messages appealing to Heroism. In the US sample, the effect of moral messages was larger when they were concordant with participants’ moral values. We also found that some moral messages were effective only in a particular population. This paper outlines the necessary next steps for using Morality-as-Cooperation for evidence-based communication.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45033375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2023.2175681
Sean M. Laurent, Jun‐Yeob Kim
Abstract According to just-world theory, people need to believe in a just world (NBJW). Theoretically, exposures to injustice and confronting mortality threaten this belief, prompting attempts to restore it. Past research has found that victimization of innocents and mortality salience prompts observers to engage in secondary victimization (e.g., blaming or derogating victims and underestimating their suffering). Theoretically, secondary victimization helps restore perceptions that the world is just. To test whether NBJW might explain these effects, three experiments conceptually replicated prior work relying on this process explanation. Although our goal was to test whether NBJW could be measured and might explain why secondary victimization occurs, we failed to find any substantive effects of exposure to injustice or mortality salience on secondary victimization.
{"title":"Do Injustice and Mortality Salience Impact Secondary Victimization Through the Need to Believe in a Just World?","authors":"Sean M. Laurent, Jun‐Yeob Kim","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2023.2175681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2023.2175681","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to just-world theory, people need to believe in a just world (NBJW). Theoretically, exposures to injustice and confronting mortality threaten this belief, prompting attempts to restore it. Past research has found that victimization of innocents and mortality salience prompts observers to engage in secondary victimization (e.g., blaming or derogating victims and underestimating their suffering). Theoretically, secondary victimization helps restore perceptions that the world is just. To test whether NBJW might explain these effects, three experiments conceptually replicated prior work relying on this process explanation. Although our goal was to test whether NBJW could be measured and might explain why secondary victimization occurs, we failed to find any substantive effects of exposure to injustice or mortality salience on secondary victimization.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45139339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2023.2177542
G. Munro, Ting Huang
Abstract People are biased in their consumption of scientific information. The current research investigated conclusion thresholds, testing the hypothesis that more scientific evidence is needed to arrive at a non-preferred than a preferred conclusion. Participants read brief summaries of scientific studies exploring the nature of homosexuality (Study 1; N = 126) and air safety that supported either the Democratic or the Republican position on the issue (Study 2; N = 311). Participants read summaries until a conclusion could be made about the evidence. Supporting the hypotheses, participants read fewer study summaries when the results of those studies supported their preferred conclusion than when they did not. Recommendations focus on how the scientific community and science journalism can address this bias.
{"title":"How Much Evidence Is Enough? Biased Thresholds in Judgments of Scientific Conclusions","authors":"G. Munro, Ting Huang","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2023.2177542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2023.2177542","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract People are biased in their consumption of scientific information. The current research investigated conclusion thresholds, testing the hypothesis that more scientific evidence is needed to arrive at a non-preferred than a preferred conclusion. Participants read brief summaries of scientific studies exploring the nature of homosexuality (Study 1; N = 126) and air safety that supported either the Democratic or the Republican position on the issue (Study 2; N = 311). Participants read summaries until a conclusion could be made about the evidence. Supporting the hypotheses, participants read fewer study summaries when the results of those studies supported their preferred conclusion than when they did not. Recommendations focus on how the scientific community and science journalism can address this bias.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47741235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2023.2173600
Heather M. Claypool, Alejandro Trujillo
Abstract Shapiro et al. found that White people had greater rejection fears from and desires to reject a Black person with a Black friend (homogeneous network) versus a White friend (heterogeneous network). We aimed to replicate these findings in a high-powered, pre-registered study and explored a novel question: would racial heterogeneity in the target’s network allay rejection concerns and desires only if it included a friend whose race matched the perceiver’s? Results mostly replicated Shapiro and colleagues’. New here, an Asian friend prompted equally weak rejection concerns and inclinations as did a White friend, with both below the Black friend condition. Thus, White people surmised a Black person was open to positive interactions if alongside a non-Black friend.
{"title":"Are Rejection Fears during Interracial Interactions Moderated by the Racial Composition of the Interacting Partner’s Social Network? A Pre-Registered Replication and Extension Experiment","authors":"Heather M. Claypool, Alejandro Trujillo","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2023.2173600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2023.2173600","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Shapiro et al. found that White people had greater rejection fears from and desires to reject a Black person with a Black friend (homogeneous network) versus a White friend (heterogeneous network). We aimed to replicate these findings in a high-powered, pre-registered study and explored a novel question: would racial heterogeneity in the target’s network allay rejection concerns and desires only if it included a friend whose race matched the perceiver’s? Results mostly replicated Shapiro and colleagues’. New here, an Asian friend prompted equally weak rejection concerns and inclinations as did a White friend, with both below the Black friend condition. Thus, White people surmised a Black person was open to positive interactions if alongside a non-Black friend.","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49644976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-06-12DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2023.2221360
Nicholas R Harp, Andrew T Langbehn, Jeff T Larsen, Paula M Niedenthal, Maital Neta
Face masks that prevent disease transmission obscure facial expressions, impairing nonverbal communication. We assessed the impact of lower (masks) and upper (sunglasses) face coverings on emotional valence judgments of clearly valenced (fearful, happy) and ambiguously valenced (surprised) expressions, the latter of which have both positive and negative meaning. Masks, but not sunglasses, impaired judgments of clearly valenced expressions compared to faces without coverings. Drift diffusion models revealed that lower, but not upper, face coverings slowed evidence accumulation and affected differences in non-judgment processes (i.e., stimulus encoding, response execution time) for all expressions. Our results confirm mask-interference effects in nonverbal communication. The findings have implications for nonverbal and intergroup communication, and we propose guidance for implementing strategies to overcome mask-related interference.
{"title":"Face coverings differentially alter valence judgments of emotional expressions.","authors":"Nicholas R Harp, Andrew T Langbehn, Jeff T Larsen, Paula M Niedenthal, Maital Neta","doi":"10.1080/01973533.2023.2221360","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01973533.2023.2221360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Face masks that prevent disease transmission obscure facial expressions, impairing nonverbal communication. We assessed the impact of lower (masks) and upper (sunglasses) face coverings on emotional valence judgments of clearly valenced (fearful, happy) and ambiguously valenced (surprised) expressions, the latter of which have both positive and negative meaning. Masks, but not sunglasses, impaired judgments of clearly valenced expressions compared to faces without coverings. Drift diffusion models revealed that lower, but not upper, face coverings slowed evidence accumulation and affected differences in non-judgment processes (i.e., stimulus encoding, response execution time) for all expressions. Our results confirm mask-interference effects in nonverbal communication. The findings have implications for nonverbal and intergroup communication, and we propose guidance for implementing strategies to overcome mask-related interference.</p>","PeriodicalId":48014,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10353716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9904325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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