Millions of households around the world devote significant time to bringing water to their home. This paper examines the impact that water collection has on the time allocation patterns and emotional wellbeing of water carriers and children in rural Kenya. We exogenously reduced water collection times to zero for a randomly-chosen subset of 195 households by having water vendors deliver water to their door each day over 4 weeks. Data on time use and affect (happiness, safety, energy, sociability, etc) come from short surveys the main water collector completed on a mobile phone at several randomly-chosen times each day over the 4 weeks of the treatment period as well as a 4-week baseline data collection period. Parents also self-reported school attendance, chores, and minutes spent studying for all school-aged children in the household, and we matched children to school-recorded attendance records. We find that of the approximately 95 minutes per day in water collection time that the vending treatment eliminates, water collectors reallocated approximately half to other household chores, 20% to working on the household’s own farm, and 25% to leisure. We find no evidence of an increase in paid work. Water collectors report feeling happier, more energetic, more safe, and less likely to be in physical pain. Treatment increased school-recorded attendance by 3.6 percentage points, from a base of 92%. Data from the survey on school-aged children confirmed that receiving vended water reduced the probability that children collect water, but their time is reallocated to other chores, particularly cleaning and cooking. Nevertheless, children in treated households spent roughly 15% more minutes studying. Our results have implications for estimating the benefits of improving access to water supply in rural areas.
{"title":"The Short-Run Impacts of Reducing Water Collection Times on Time Use, Well-Being, and Education in Rural Kenya","authors":"J. Cook, Jane w. Kabubo-Mariara, P. Kimuyu","doi":"10.1086/727342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/727342","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of households around the world devote significant time to bringing water to their home. This paper examines the impact that water collection has on the time allocation patterns and emotional wellbeing of water carriers and children in rural Kenya. We exogenously reduced water collection times to zero for a randomly-chosen subset of 195 households by having water vendors deliver water to their door each day over 4 weeks. Data on time use and affect (happiness, safety, energy, sociability, etc) come from short surveys the main water collector completed on a mobile phone at several randomly-chosen times each day over the 4 weeks of the treatment period as well as a 4-week baseline data collection period. Parents also self-reported school attendance, chores, and minutes spent studying for all school-aged children in the household, and we matched children to school-recorded attendance records. We find that of the approximately 95 minutes per day in water collection time that the vending treatment eliminates, water collectors reallocated approximately half to other household chores, 20% to working on the household’s own farm, and 25% to leisure. We find no evidence of an increase in paid work. Water collectors report feeling happier, more energetic, more safe, and less likely to be in physical pain. Treatment increased school-recorded attendance by 3.6 percentage points, from a base of 92%. Data from the survey on school-aged children confirmed that receiving vended water reduced the probability that children collect water, but their time is reallocated to other chores, particularly cleaning and cooking. Nevertheless, children in treated households spent roughly 15% more minutes studying. Our results have implications for estimating the benefits of improving access to water supply in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42729941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Health Certification in Sex Markets: A Field Experiment in Dakar, Senegal","authors":"S. Manian","doi":"10.1086/727262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/727262","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47317064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dean Yang, J. Iv, Tanya Rosenblat, J. Iv, Hang Yu, Arlete Mahumane
We design and test an intervention that corrects individuals' underestimates of community support for social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic.
我们设计并测试了一种干预措施，以纠正个人在COVID-19大流行期间对社区支持保持社交距离的低估。
{"title":"Correcting Misperceptions about Support for Social Distancing to Combat COVID-19","authors":"Dean Yang, J. Iv, Tanya Rosenblat, J. Iv, Hang Yu, Arlete Mahumane","doi":"10.1086/727192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/727192","url":null,"abstract":"We design and test an intervention that corrects individuals' underestimates of community support for social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44682692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1490571/v1
Irvin Rojas, Jisang Yu
The labor markets in the US and Mexico are closely linked through migrant workers and remittances. In this paper, we investigate how the prevalence of the Covid-19 epidemic in the US affected the Mexican labor market. We construct a Mexican municipality-level measure of the exposure to Covid-19 in the US using migration data. We find a positive effect of the Covid-19 exposure in the US on work hours among workers in Mexico. We also find that the effect varies across subgroups which indicates that the responses in worked hours depend on the household dynamics, employment opportunities, and the nature of the occupation-specific tasks.
{"title":"A Pandemic Crossing the Border: The Impact of Covid-19 in the US on the Mexican Labor Market","authors":"Irvin Rojas, Jisang Yu","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1490571/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1490571/v1","url":null,"abstract":"The labor markets in the US and Mexico are closely linked through migrant workers and remittances. In this paper, we investigate how the prevalence of the Covid-19 epidemic in the US affected the Mexican labor market. We construct a Mexican municipality-level measure of the exposure to Covid-19 in the US using migration data. We find a positive effect of the Covid-19 exposure in the US on work hours among workers in Mexico. We also find that the effect varies across subgroups which indicates that the responses in worked hours depend on the household dynamics, employment opportunities, and the nature of the occupation-specific tasks.","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67955515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Addressing Gender-Based Segregation through Information: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in the Republic of Congo","authors":"L. Rouanet, Marine Gassier, L. Traoré","doi":"10.1086/726710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/726710","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46656872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional family structures often have persistent effects on household decisions. We question whether kinship ancestries of post-marital residence – i.e. living with the parents of the groom (patrilocality) or the bride (matrilocality) – still affect household consumption sharing and individual poverty. We focus on Ghana and Malawi, two countries in which patrilocal and matrilocal traditions coexist in the present-day ethnic distribution. We estimate a model of resource allocation using household expenditure surveys and information on prevalent ethnic norms. Estimations show that ancestral patrilocality, relative to matrilocality, corresponds to a 10 percent lower share of resources accruing to women on average and a substantially higher prevalence of poverty for women at most household consumption levels. Women’s resource shares tend to increase with age, a pattern more pronounced for matrilocal groups. These results indicate how a combination of cultural and demographic factors can be used to improve policies targeted at poor individuals (rather than poor households).
{"title":"Culture, Intra-household Distribution and Individual Poverty","authors":"U. Aminjonov, O. Bargain, M. Colacce, L. Tiberti","doi":"10.1086/726656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/726656","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional family structures often have persistent effects on household decisions. We question whether kinship ancestries of post-marital residence – i.e. living with the parents of the groom (patrilocality) or the bride (matrilocality) – still affect household consumption sharing and individual poverty. We focus on Ghana and Malawi, two countries in which patrilocal and matrilocal traditions coexist in the present-day ethnic distribution. We estimate a model of resource allocation using household expenditure surveys and information on prevalent ethnic norms. Estimations show that ancestral patrilocality, relative to matrilocality, corresponds to a 10 percent lower share of resources accruing to women on average and a substantially higher prevalence of poverty for women at most household consumption levels. Women’s resource shares tend to increase with age, a pattern more pronounced for matrilocal groups. These results indicate how a combination of cultural and demographic factors can be used to improve policies targeted at poor individuals (rather than poor households).","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49461461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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