{"title":"Discrimination Against Women in Hiring","authors":"Adam Osman, Jamin D. Speer, Andrew Weaver","doi":"10.1086/729836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/729836","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139863408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discrimination Against Women in Hiring","authors":"Adam Osman, Jamin D. Speer, Andrew Weaver","doi":"10.1086/729836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/729836","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139803595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Power of the Anti-corruption Campaign: Evidence from Cigarette and Alcohol Consumptions in China","authors":"Xiaobing Wang, Xinyu Liu, Yanjun Ren, Futoshi Yamauchi, Jikun Huang","doi":"10.1086/729621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/729621","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139593607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Wellner, A. Dreher, A. Fuchs, Bradley C. Parks, Austin Strange
Bilateral donors use foreign aid to pursue soft power. We test the effectiveness of aid in reaching this goal by leveraging a new dataset on the precise commitment, implementation, and completion dates of Chinese development projects. We use data from the Gallup World Poll for 126 countries over the 2006–2017 period and identify causal effects with (i) an event-study model that includes high-dimensional fixed effects, and (ii) instrumental-variables regressions that rely on exogenous variation in the supply of Chinese government financing over time. Our results are nuanced and depend on whether we focus on subnational jurisdictions, countries, or groupings of countries. On average, we estimate that the completion of one additional development project in a recipient country increases public support for the Chinese government by more than 3 percentage points in the short run and 0.2 percentage points in the longer run. Abstract: Bilateral donors use foreign aid to pursue soft power. We test the effectiveness of aid in reaching this goal by leveraging a new dataset on the precise commitment, implementation, and completion dates of Chinese development projects. We use data from the Gallup World Poll for 126 countries over the 2006–2017 period and identify causal effects with (i) an event-study model that includes high-dimensional fixed effects, and (ii) instrumental-variables regressions that rely on exogenous variation in the supply of Chinese government financing over time. Our results are nuanced and depend on whether we focus on subnational jurisdictions, countries, or groupings of countries. On average, we estimate that the completion of one additional development project in a recipient country increases public support for the Chinese government by more than 3 percentage points in the short run and 0.2 percentage points in the longer run.
双边援助国利用对外援助追求软实力。我们利用有关中国发展项目的精确承诺、实施和完成日期的新数据集，检验了援助在实现这一目标方面的有效性。我们使用盖洛普世界民意调查（Gallup World Poll）2006-2017 年间 126 个国家的数据，并通过（i）包含高维固定效应的事件研究模型，以及（ii）依赖于中国政府融资供应随时间变化的外生变化的工具变量回归，来识别因果效应。我们的研究结果有细微差别，取决于我们关注的是次国家辖区、国家还是国家集团。平均而言，我们估计在受援国完成一个额外的发展项目会在短期内将公众对中国政府的支持率提高 3 个百分点以上，在长期内提高 0.2 个百分点。摘要：双边援助国利用对外援助追求软实力。我们利用有关中国发展项目的精确承诺、实施和完成日期的新数据集来检验援助在实现这一目标方面的有效性。我们使用盖洛普世界民意调查（Gallup World Poll）2006-2017 年间 126 个国家的数据，并通过（i）包含高维固定效应的事件研究模型，以及（ii）依赖于中国政府融资供应随时间变化的外生变化的工具变量回归，来识别因果效应。我们的研究结果有细微差别，取决于我们关注的是次国家辖区、国家还是国家集团。平均而言，我们估计在一个受援国完成一个额外的发展项目会在短期内将公众对中国政府的支持率提高 3 个百分点以上，在长期内提高 0.2 个百分点。
{"title":"Can Aid Buy Foreign Public Support? Evidence from Chinese Development Finance","authors":"L. Wellner, A. Dreher, A. Fuchs, Bradley C. Parks, Austin Strange","doi":"10.1086/729539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/729539","url":null,"abstract":"Bilateral donors use foreign aid to pursue soft power. We test the effectiveness of aid in reaching this goal by leveraging a new dataset on the precise commitment, implementation, and completion dates of Chinese development projects. We use data from the Gallup World Poll for 126 countries over the 2006–2017 period and identify causal effects with (i) an event-study model that includes high-dimensional fixed effects, and (ii) instrumental-variables regressions that rely on exogenous variation in the supply of Chinese government financing over time. Our results are nuanced and depend on whether we focus on subnational jurisdictions, countries, or groupings of countries. On average, we estimate that the completion of one additional development project in a recipient country increases public support for the Chinese government by more than 3 percentage points in the short run and 0.2 percentage points in the longer run. Abstract: Bilateral donors use foreign aid to pursue soft power. We test the effectiveness of aid in reaching this goal by leveraging a new dataset on the precise commitment, implementation, and completion dates of Chinese development projects. We use data from the Gallup World Poll for 126 countries over the 2006–2017 period and identify causal effects with (i) an event-study model that includes high-dimensional fixed effects, and (ii) instrumental-variables regressions that rely on exogenous variation in the supply of Chinese government financing over time. Our results are nuanced and depend on whether we focus on subnational jurisdictions, countries, or groupings of countries. On average, we estimate that the completion of one additional development project in a recipient country increases public support for the Chinese government by more than 3 percentage points in the short run and 0.2 percentage points in the longer run.","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139609155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When Do Gender Quotas Change Policy? Evidence from Household Toilet Provision in India","authors":"Sugat Chaturvedi, Sabyasachi Das, Kanika Mahajan","doi":"10.1086/729342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/729342","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139383869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erwin Bulte, Jérémy Do Nascimento Miguel, Banawe Plambou Anissa
We analyze how market power by traders on local agricultural spot markets affects investment in crop quality by smallholders in a context with “imperfect institutions”—without third-party contract enforcement and with incomplete input markets. Farmers and traders can engage in relational contracting where the promise of future rents supports current cooperation. We analyze informal contracting under the shadow of side selling by the farmer and ask how changes in the competitiveness of local markets affect flows of inputs in relational contracts. When local markets become more competitive, fewer farmers are included in relational contracting with traders, and farmers who remain in such relationships receive less support from traders. We document empirical evidence from local wheat markets in Ethiopia that is consistent with the theory.
{"title":"Competition on Agricultural Markets and Quality of Smallholder Supply: The Role of Relational Contracting and Input Provision by Traders","authors":"Erwin Bulte, Jérémy Do Nascimento Miguel, Banawe Plambou Anissa","doi":"10.1086/721024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721024","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze how market power by traders on local agricultural spot markets affects investment in crop quality by smallholders in a context with “imperfect institutions”—without third-party contract enforcement and with incomplete input markets. Farmers and traders can engage in relational contracting where the promise of future rents supports current cooperation. We analyze informal contracting under the shadow of side selling by the farmer and ask how changes in the competitiveness of local markets affect flows of inputs in relational contracts. When local markets become more competitive, fewer farmers are included in relational contracting with traders, and farmers who remain in such relationships receive less support from traders. We document empirical evidence from local wheat markets in Ethiopia that is consistent with the theory.","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the effect of a change in a legal regime to reinstate the adjudication of criminal matters to Islamic courts and documents the effect of the change on the marital matches of women. This change reduces the litigant rights of women in cases of illicit sexual behavior and extramarital relations. Combining three rounds of a nationally representative survey in Nigeria, I show that a woman affected by the legal reform is 29.2 percentage points more likely to be married to a man who earns less than she does and significantly more likely to be married to an older man. Regarding the educational attainment of the spouse, I show that an affected woman is 21.5 percentage points less likely to be married to a spouse who has higher educational attainment. Finally, a woman affected by the reform enforcement is 7.6 percentage points less likely to report that she is involved in any four intrahousehold decisions and less likely to be involved in decision-making about spending her spouse’s earnings. Some of these effects are seen only in nonmatrilineal communities, and changes in the woman’s attitude toward male dominance and outside marriage utility are other channels of effect.
{"title":"Marital “Mismatch” from Changes in Women’s Litigant Rights","authors":"U. Efobi","doi":"10.1086/721030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721030","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effect of a change in a legal regime to reinstate the adjudication of criminal matters to Islamic courts and documents the effect of the change on the marital matches of women. This change reduces the litigant rights of women in cases of illicit sexual behavior and extramarital relations. Combining three rounds of a nationally representative survey in Nigeria, I show that a woman affected by the legal reform is 29.2 percentage points more likely to be married to a man who earns less than she does and significantly more likely to be married to an older man. Regarding the educational attainment of the spouse, I show that an affected woman is 21.5 percentage points less likely to be married to a spouse who has higher educational attainment. Finally, a woman affected by the reform enforcement is 7.6 percentage points less likely to report that she is involved in any four intrahousehold decisions and less likely to be involved in decision-making about spending her spouse’s earnings. Some of these effects are seen only in nonmatrilineal communities, and changes in the woman’s attitude toward male dominance and outside marriage utility are other channels of effect.","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139538886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How and Why the Gender Pension Gap in Urban China Decreased Between 1988 and 2018","authors":"Björn Gustafsson, Peng Zhan, Hanrui Jia","doi":"10.1086/728696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/728696","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous articleNext article No AccessImproving Tax Compliance without Increasing Revenue: Evidence from Population-Wide Randomized Controlled Trials in Papua New GuineaChristopher Hoy, Mathias Sinning, and Luke McKenzieChristopher Hoy Search for more articles by this author , Mathias Sinning Search for more articles by this author , and Luke McKenzie Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Just Accepted Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/721650 Views: 16Total views on this site HistoryAccepted June 30, 2022 PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
{"title":"Improving Tax Compliance without Increasing Revenue: Evidence from Population-Wide Randomized Controlled Trials in Papua New Guinea","authors":"Christopher Hoy, Mathias Sinning, Luke McKenzie","doi":"10.1086/721650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721650","url":null,"abstract":"Previous articleNext article No AccessImproving Tax Compliance without Increasing Revenue: Evidence from Population-Wide Randomized Controlled Trials in Papua New GuineaChristopher Hoy, Mathias Sinning, and Luke McKenzieChristopher Hoy Search for more articles by this author , Mathias Sinning Search for more articles by this author , and Luke McKenzie Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Just Accepted Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/721650 Views: 16Total views on this site HistoryAccepted June 30, 2022 PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135874770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Can the establishment of private property rights to land improve child health and nutrition outcomes? We exploit a natural experiment in the Kyrgyz Republic following the collapse of socialism, whereby the government rapidly liquidated state and collective farms containing 75% of agricultural land and distributed it to individuals, providing 99-year transferable use rights. We use household surveys collected before, during, and after the privatization reform and spatial variation in its timing to identify its health and nutrition impacts. We find that young children aged 0–5 exposed to land privatization for longer periods of time accumulated significantly greater gains in height- and weight-for-age z-scores, both critical measures of long-term child health and nutrition. Health improvements appear to be driven by increases in consumption of home-produced food rather than increased income from sale of production, likely due to underdeveloped markets. We find minimal impacts on urban-dwelling children affected only indirectly by the reform.
{"title":"Land Reform and Child Health in the Kyrgyz Republic","authors":"Katrina Kosec, Olga N. Shemyakina","doi":"10.1086/719463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719463","url":null,"abstract":"Can the establishment of private property rights to land improve child health and nutrition outcomes? We exploit a natural experiment in the Kyrgyz Republic following the collapse of socialism, whereby the government rapidly liquidated state and collective farms containing 75% of agricultural land and distributed it to individuals, providing 99-year transferable use rights. We use household surveys collected before, during, and after the privatization reform and spatial variation in its timing to identify its health and nutrition impacts. We find that young children aged 0–5 exposed to land privatization for longer periods of time accumulated significantly greater gains in height- and weight-for-age z-scores, both critical measures of long-term child health and nutrition. Health improvements appear to be driven by increases in consumption of home-produced food rather than increased income from sale of production, likely due to underdeveloped markets. We find minimal impacts on urban-dwelling children affected only indirectly by the reform.","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135513776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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