{"title":"Income Tax Payers Are Not All the Same - A Behavioral Letter Experiment in Eswatini","authors":"Fabrizio Santoro","doi":"10.1086/722332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/722332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47033988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Women’s paid-work participation remains low in South Asian countries even though it is considered crucial for development and alleviation of poverty. Prior qualitative interviews have revealed the general lack of knowledge on labor market opportunities for women workers. This study aims to investigate whether providing parents with information on income earning opportunities for young women is effective in changing parental attitudes toward women working outside the home. A randomized controlled trial was conducted within commuting distance of formal export-oriented garment factories in rural Pakistan. The estimation results show that provision of information about working conditions and environments is effective in influencing positive changes in parental attitudes toward women working in garment factories. Given the strong stigma associated with women working outside the home, especially in factories, I believe that the observed positive transformation forms an encouraging first step toward achieving actual enhancement of women’s paid-work participation. 2
{"title":"Labor Market Information and Parental Attitudes toward Women Working Outside the Home: Experimental Evidence from Rural Pakistan","authors":"Momoe Makino","doi":"10.1086/722160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/722160","url":null,"abstract":"Women’s paid-work participation remains low in South Asian countries even though it is considered crucial for development and alleviation of poverty. Prior qualitative interviews have revealed the general lack of knowledge on labor market opportunities for women workers. This study aims to investigate whether providing parents with information on income earning opportunities for young women is effective in changing parental attitudes toward women working outside the home. A randomized controlled trial was conducted within commuting distance of formal export-oriented garment factories in rural Pakistan. The estimation results show that provision of information about working conditions and environments is effective in influencing positive changes in parental attitudes toward women working in garment factories. Given the strong stigma associated with women working outside the home, especially in factories, I believe that the observed positive transformation forms an encouraging first step toward achieving actual enhancement of women’s paid-work participation. 2","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44122276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wheels of Power: Can free bicycles to schoolgirls free their mothers?","authors":"K. Moene, Anders Kjelsrud, S. Mitra","doi":"10.1086/722053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/722053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43647611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study for Nothing? Gender and Access to Higher Education in a Developing Country","authors":"Oswaldo Molina, D. S. María, G. Yamada","doi":"10.1086/721907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721907","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47788612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Monthly Cash Transfers During Five Years on Households' Wealth","authors":"Andrea Molina-Vera, H. Oosterbeek","doi":"10.1086/721908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721908","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49359140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we draw a theoretical model to demonstrate that small farms achieve lower total factor productivity (TFP) compared to large farms, even though their yield may be higher. We argue that taking into account family labor modifies the farm size-productivity relationship. We test our hypotheses on geocoded data from 5,645 agriculture farms in Pakistan using Pakistan household integrated economic survey 2018-19 and labor force survey 2018 combined with remote sensing data to account for farm-specific topographic features. We base our analysis on OLS and stochastic frontier analysis. We find that family labor is the key to understanding the nature and strength of the farm size – productivity relationship. Farm size’s association, both with yield and TFP, turns positive when we measure family labor in terms of market wage rate rather than marginal product. Farm yield decreases by -0.07% with a one percent increase in farm size but gets insignificant or increases by 0.034% when family labor cost is measured at market wages rather than the marginal product. We find that higher family labor intensity, labor market distortion due to the notion of family dishonor, and suboptimal crop selection by small farms play a crucial role in this context.
{"title":"Farm Size and Productivity - The Role of Family Labor","authors":"Muhammad Ayaz, Mazhar Mughal","doi":"10.1086/721837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721837","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we draw a theoretical model to demonstrate that small farms achieve lower total factor productivity (TFP) compared to large farms, even though their yield may be higher. We argue that taking into account family labor modifies the farm size-productivity relationship. We test our hypotheses on geocoded data from 5,645 agriculture farms in Pakistan using Pakistan household integrated economic survey 2018-19 and labor force survey 2018 combined with remote sensing data to account for farm-specific topographic features. We base our analysis on OLS and stochastic frontier analysis. We find that family labor is the key to understanding the nature and strength of the farm size – productivity relationship. Farm size’s association, both with yield and TFP, turns positive when we measure family labor in terms of market wage rate rather than marginal product. Farm yield decreases by -0.07% with a one percent increase in farm size but gets insignificant or increases by 0.034% when family labor cost is measured at market wages rather than the marginal product. We find that higher family labor intensity, labor market distortion due to the notion of family dishonor, and suboptimal crop selection by small farms play a crucial role in this context.","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43504321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing Textbooks to Improve Math Learning in Primary Education: Empirical Evidence from El Salvador","authors":"T. Maruyama, T. Kurosaki","doi":"10.1086/721768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721768","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47068692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Internal Migration and Labor Market Outcomes in Indonesia","authors":"Tushar Bharati, Adnan M. S. Fakir, Wina Yoman","doi":"10.1086/721684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721684","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47482512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Encouraging Female Graduates to Enter the Labor Force: Evidence from a Role Model Intervention in Pakistan","authors":"Hamna Ahmed, Mahreen Mahmud, Farah Said, Zunia Tirmazee","doi":"10.1086/721615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721615","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48055,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development and Cultural Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46772021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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