Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.4324/9781003217947-15
R. Hoye, Katie Misener, M. Naraine, C. Ordway
{"title":"Sport media and digital technology","authors":"R. Hoye, Katie Misener, M. Naraine, C. Ordway","doi":"10.4324/9781003217947-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003217947-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90867783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-12DOI: 10.1080/14413523.2021.1987737
Shushu Chen, Xiaoyan Xing, L. Chalip
ABSTRACT This paper examines China’s planning and implementation of leveraging, using the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games, to achieve the winter sport participation legacy of 300 million people involved in winter sport. Drawing upon interviews and documentary data, the authors findings reveal that the planning of the leveraging programme, which was politically motivated, was a centralised and government-led bid to stimulate participation and consumption within China’s winter sport industry. The leveraging programme also served broader economic, social, and political state agendas. The main implementation pathway relied heavily on the existing structures for the provision of sport and education, and, due to a lack of state resources (or facilities), support was sought from the private sector. This study further suggests that state interference to steer the direction and development of leveraging might have served as a double-edged sword: On the one hand, it provided much government-led impetus for goal setting across sectors and departments, directing extensive cooperative efforts and resources towards leveraging. On the other hand, it might not have been the most sustainable approach for increasing participation, due to the overreliance on top-down implementation and short-term policy interventions. HIGHLIGHTS The 300 Million Programme is an indicator for measuring the success of the 2022 Beijing Olympic Games. The planning and implementation of the 300 Million Programme has been an iterative process. The leveraging process is both propelled and confined by contextual features (political and cultural). State-led leveraging exerts a significant influence on resource mobilisation, goal alignment and cross-sector coordination. The sustainability of the participation legacy remains uncertain.
{"title":"Planning and implementation of event leveraging strategy: China’s legacy pledge to motivate 300 million people to be involved in winter sport","authors":"Shushu Chen, Xiaoyan Xing, L. Chalip","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2021.1987737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2021.1987737","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines China’s planning and implementation of leveraging, using the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games, to achieve the winter sport participation legacy of 300 million people involved in winter sport. Drawing upon interviews and documentary data, the authors findings reveal that the planning of the leveraging programme, which was politically motivated, was a centralised and government-led bid to stimulate participation and consumption within China’s winter sport industry. The leveraging programme also served broader economic, social, and political state agendas. The main implementation pathway relied heavily on the existing structures for the provision of sport and education, and, due to a lack of state resources (or facilities), support was sought from the private sector. This study further suggests that state interference to steer the direction and development of leveraging might have served as a double-edged sword: On the one hand, it provided much government-led impetus for goal setting across sectors and departments, directing extensive cooperative efforts and resources towards leveraging. On the other hand, it might not have been the most sustainable approach for increasing participation, due to the overreliance on top-down implementation and short-term policy interventions. HIGHLIGHTS The 300 Million Programme is an indicator for measuring the success of the 2022 Beijing Olympic Games. The planning and implementation of the 300 Million Programme has been an iterative process. The leveraging process is both propelled and confined by contextual features (political and cultural). State-led leveraging exerts a significant influence on resource mobilisation, goal alignment and cross-sector coordination. The sustainability of the participation legacy remains uncertain.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"771 - 790"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48025550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.1080/14413523.2021.1970972
Hua Gong, N. Watanabe, B. Soebbing, Matthew T. Brown, M. Nagel
ABSTRACT To date, a number of research studies have examined sport leagues for potential evidence of teams strategically losing games on purpose. Following tournament theory, it is believed sport teams will engage in such practices, often called tanking, in order to gain rewards in the form of better draft picks. Where prior research typically focused on detecting evidence of underperformance by teams, the present research analyzed one possible tanking strategy – the resting of healthy players. Specifically using data from National Basketball Association regular season games from the 2006–07 to 2017–18 seasons, we develop a count model of the number of players who are rested by teams. Furthermore, we utilize a natural experiment to consider whether teams eliminated from playoff contention rest more players. Poisson regression estimates found that eliminated teams will rest more players than others, and that the number of players rested by eliminated teams will increase as the competition for draft picks increases. As such, this study is one of the first to show how teams are able to purposefully lose games, with the strategy being instituted through managerial decisions rather than shirking by workers. HIGHLIGHTS This paper examines whether NBA teams rest healthy players in order to underperform. Poisson regression estimates find that eliminated teams will rest more players. The number of players rested increases when more teams are tied in the standings. Results align with tournament theory in that teams expend losing effort to gain rewards. Findings suggest NBA teams strategical rest players to improve their position in the draft.
{"title":"Exploring tanking strategies in the NBA: an empirical analysis of resting healthy players","authors":"Hua Gong, N. Watanabe, B. Soebbing, Matthew T. Brown, M. Nagel","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2021.1970972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2021.1970972","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To date, a number of research studies have examined sport leagues for potential evidence of teams strategically losing games on purpose. Following tournament theory, it is believed sport teams will engage in such practices, often called tanking, in order to gain rewards in the form of better draft picks. Where prior research typically focused on detecting evidence of underperformance by teams, the present research analyzed one possible tanking strategy – the resting of healthy players. Specifically using data from National Basketball Association regular season games from the 2006–07 to 2017–18 seasons, we develop a count model of the number of players who are rested by teams. Furthermore, we utilize a natural experiment to consider whether teams eliminated from playoff contention rest more players. Poisson regression estimates found that eliminated teams will rest more players than others, and that the number of players rested by eliminated teams will increase as the competition for draft picks increases. As such, this study is one of the first to show how teams are able to purposefully lose games, with the strategy being instituted through managerial decisions rather than shirking by workers. HIGHLIGHTS This paper examines whether NBA teams rest healthy players in order to underperform. Poisson regression estimates find that eliminated teams will rest more players. The number of players rested increases when more teams are tied in the standings. Results align with tournament theory in that teams expend losing effort to gain rewards. Findings suggest NBA teams strategical rest players to improve their position in the draft.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"546 - 566"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42086308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.1080/14413523.2021.1991676
Ramon Palau-Saumell, Jorge Matute, Santiago Forgas-Coll
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between points of attachment and participative decision-making, on the one hand, and team identification and psychological ownership, on the other. It also analyses how team identification and psychological ownership explain intentions to purchase team-licensed sports merchandise and the main sponsor’s sports-apparel products. Data were collected from members of FC Barcelona, who are also season-ticket holders, by means of an online survey (n = 1180). Partial least squares is used to test and validate the proposed theoretical model. The results indicate that players, fans and nation-attachment explain team identification and psychological ownership, whereas soccer only affects team identification. Participative decision-making strongly influences psychological ownership, which is in turn positively affected by team identification. Findings also reveal that the intentions to purchase team-licensed sports merchandise and the main sponsor’s sports-apparel products are better explained by members’ psychological ownership than by team identification. Managerial implications, such as the need to improve feelings of psychological ownership in the club’s promotional activities and to continue to strengthen the other professional sports sections are discussed. HIGHLIGHTS Psychological ownership explains purchases of the club’s official merchandise. Psychological ownership influences the purchase intentions to the sponsor’s products. Team identification predicts members’ psychological ownership toward the club. Participation in the club’s decision-making explained psychological ownership. Attachment to Catalonia influences team identification and psychological ownership.
{"title":"The roles of team identification and psychological ownership in fans’ intentions to purchase team-licensed and a sponsor’s products: the case of FC Barcelona members","authors":"Ramon Palau-Saumell, Jorge Matute, Santiago Forgas-Coll","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2021.1991676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2021.1991676","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between points of attachment and participative decision-making, on the one hand, and team identification and psychological ownership, on the other. It also analyses how team identification and psychological ownership explain intentions to purchase team-licensed sports merchandise and the main sponsor’s sports-apparel products. Data were collected from members of FC Barcelona, who are also season-ticket holders, by means of an online survey (n = 1180). Partial least squares is used to test and validate the proposed theoretical model. The results indicate that players, fans and nation-attachment explain team identification and psychological ownership, whereas soccer only affects team identification. Participative decision-making strongly influences psychological ownership, which is in turn positively affected by team identification. Findings also reveal that the intentions to purchase team-licensed sports merchandise and the main sponsor’s sports-apparel products are better explained by members’ psychological ownership than by team identification. Managerial implications, such as the need to improve feelings of psychological ownership in the club’s promotional activities and to continue to strengthen the other professional sports sections are discussed. HIGHLIGHTS Psychological ownership explains purchases of the club’s official merchandise. Psychological ownership influences the purchase intentions to the sponsor’s products. Team identification predicts members’ psychological ownership toward the club. Participation in the club’s decision-making explained psychological ownership. Attachment to Catalonia influences team identification and psychological ownership.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"791 - 819"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46369095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1080/14413523.2021.1982473
Jinsu Byun, B. Leopkey
ABSTRACT Stakeholder conflict associated with sporting event legacy can have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the related governance system. This study addresses this issue by investigating a case study that focuses on stakeholder conflict at the Jeongseon Alpine Centre, one of the venues for the 2018 Winter Olympics, through the theoretical lens of conflict management. Archival materials and interviews (n = 17) were gathered and analysed using inductive and deductive coding techniques. Findings highlighted that disparate values among stakeholders triggered conflict, which escalated as a result of various drivers (e.g., lack of communication, various interpretations of regulations and information) throughout the pre- and post-Games phases. Several conflict management strategies (e.g., negotiation, communication and mediation) were employed in the case. Functional and dysfunctional effects of the conflict, implications for sporting event legacy governance and directions for future research are discussed. HIGHLIGHTS This paper investigates conflict in the Olympic legacy context from a conflict management perspective. Conflict during the governance of Olympic legacy can escalate for a number of reasons including differing values and interests, divergent interpretations of data and regulations and lack of communication. Emergent conflict during the governance of Olympic legacy may be both constructive and destructive. Timely implementation of conflict management strategies can help promote constructive benefits and mitigate negative consequences.
{"title":"Exploring conflict among stakeholders in the governance of Olympic legacy","authors":"Jinsu Byun, B. Leopkey","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2021.1982473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2021.1982473","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Stakeholder conflict associated with sporting event legacy can have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the related governance system. This study addresses this issue by investigating a case study that focuses on stakeholder conflict at the Jeongseon Alpine Centre, one of the venues for the 2018 Winter Olympics, through the theoretical lens of conflict management. Archival materials and interviews (n = 17) were gathered and analysed using inductive and deductive coding techniques. Findings highlighted that disparate values among stakeholders triggered conflict, which escalated as a result of various drivers (e.g., lack of communication, various interpretations of regulations and information) throughout the pre- and post-Games phases. Several conflict management strategies (e.g., negotiation, communication and mediation) were employed in the case. Functional and dysfunctional effects of the conflict, implications for sporting event legacy governance and directions for future research are discussed. HIGHLIGHTS This paper investigates conflict in the Olympic legacy context from a conflict management perspective. Conflict during the governance of Olympic legacy can escalate for a number of reasons including differing values and interests, divergent interpretations of data and regulations and lack of communication. Emergent conflict during the governance of Olympic legacy may be both constructive and destructive. Timely implementation of conflict management strategies can help promote constructive benefits and mitigate negative consequences.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"700 - 721"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45301602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1080/14413523.2021.1988425
Ray Tak-yin Hui, Weisheng Chiu, Doyeon Won, Jung-sup Bae
ABSTRACT Based upon Bandura’s (1986) social cognitive theory (SCT), we examined how the relationship quality among student-athletes in team sports, namely team-member exchange (TMX), regulates the relational-cognitive process in determining their turnover intention. Specifically, we examined interpersonal self-efficacy (ISE) as the mediator and seniority as the moderator of the relationship between TMX and turnover intention, based on a field study of 234 student-athletes in South Korea. The results of the partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) showed that TMX is indirectly related to turnover intention, as fully mediated by ISE. Also, student-athletes’ seniority moderates the relationships between TMX, ISE and turnover intention. Supported by SCT, we contribute to the extant literature on TMX by (1) providing a theoretical explanation of how TMX acting as social cues regulates athletes’ self-efficacy and behavioral intention; and (2) examining the role of seniority as a cultural-specific moderator on TMX effectiveness in team sports in the Asian context. We discuss practical implications for coaches and collegiate athletics administrators about the essential arrangement of both leisure and training activities in building quality relationships among student-athletes and self-belief of their interpersonal competency within the team, especially for less experienced and junior student-athletes. HIGHLIGHTS TMX had a positive influence on student-athletes’ interpersonal self-efficacy. Interpersonal self-efficacy negatively affected student-athletes’ turnover intention. Interpersonal self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between TMX and turnover intention. Student-athletes’ seniority positively moderates the relationships between TMX and interpersonal self-efficacy and between TMX and turnover intention.
{"title":"The influence of team-member exchange on turnover intention among student-athletes: the mediating role of interpersonal self-efficacy and the moderating role of seniority","authors":"Ray Tak-yin Hui, Weisheng Chiu, Doyeon Won, Jung-sup Bae","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2021.1988425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2021.1988425","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Based upon Bandura’s (1986) social cognitive theory (SCT), we examined how the relationship quality among student-athletes in team sports, namely team-member exchange (TMX), regulates the relational-cognitive process in determining their turnover intention. Specifically, we examined interpersonal self-efficacy (ISE) as the mediator and seniority as the moderator of the relationship between TMX and turnover intention, based on a field study of 234 student-athletes in South Korea. The results of the partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) showed that TMX is indirectly related to turnover intention, as fully mediated by ISE. Also, student-athletes’ seniority moderates the relationships between TMX, ISE and turnover intention. Supported by SCT, we contribute to the extant literature on TMX by (1) providing a theoretical explanation of how TMX acting as social cues regulates athletes’ self-efficacy and behavioral intention; and (2) examining the role of seniority as a cultural-specific moderator on TMX effectiveness in team sports in the Asian context. We discuss practical implications for coaches and collegiate athletics administrators about the essential arrangement of both leisure and training activities in building quality relationships among student-athletes and self-belief of their interpersonal competency within the team, especially for less experienced and junior student-athletes. HIGHLIGHTS TMX had a positive influence on student-athletes’ interpersonal self-efficacy. Interpersonal self-efficacy negatively affected student-athletes’ turnover intention. Interpersonal self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between TMX and turnover intention. Student-athletes’ seniority positively moderates the relationships between TMX and interpersonal self-efficacy and between TMX and turnover intention.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"135 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43822477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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