Pub Date : 2022-11-06DOI: 10.1080/14413523.2022.2127073
Koo Yul Kim, Colin Lopez, Joris Drayer
ABSTRACT The ticket market for sport events has undergone substantial changes following the emergence of secondary markets (i.e., ticket resale platforms) and changes in consumer preferences. Therefore, the concept of corporate credibility warrants attention in the context of the secondary ticket market, which comprises ticket sellers with varying levels of credibility. Additionally, since secondary ticket companies engage in demand-based pricing, it is critical to measure the effect of ticket prices on the relationship between corporate credibility and purchase intention. In this research we utilize a multi-study design to examine the relationship between corporate credibility and consumers’ purchase intention in the secondary ticket market, as well as the moderating effect of ticket prices. The findings, which run counter to previous literature, suggest that the impact of corporate credibility on purchase intention in the secondary ticket market is negligible. HIGHLIGHTS Test for the effect of corporate credibility on consumers’ purchase intention in the secondary ticket market. Consistent evidence from multiple studies demonstrating the lack of significant impact of corporate credibility. No statistically significant effect of ticket price as a moderator between corporate credibility and purchase intention.
{"title":"Do consumers care about credibility? Examining corporate credibility and price on sport ticket purchase decision making","authors":"Koo Yul Kim, Colin Lopez, Joris Drayer","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2127073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2127073","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The ticket market for sport events has undergone substantial changes following the emergence of secondary markets (i.e., ticket resale platforms) and changes in consumer preferences. Therefore, the concept of corporate credibility warrants attention in the context of the secondary ticket market, which comprises ticket sellers with varying levels of credibility. Additionally, since secondary ticket companies engage in demand-based pricing, it is critical to measure the effect of ticket prices on the relationship between corporate credibility and purchase intention. In this research we utilize a multi-study design to examine the relationship between corporate credibility and consumers’ purchase intention in the secondary ticket market, as well as the moderating effect of ticket prices. The findings, which run counter to previous literature, suggest that the impact of corporate credibility on purchase intention in the secondary ticket market is negligible. HIGHLIGHTS Test for the effect of corporate credibility on consumers’ purchase intention in the secondary ticket market. Consistent evidence from multiple studies demonstrating the lack of significant impact of corporate credibility. No statistically significant effect of ticket price as a moderator between corporate credibility and purchase intention.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"471 - 493"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41893807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-04DOI: 10.1080/14413523.2022.2106722
Christine E. Wegner, Patti Millar, T. Bopp, Shannon Kerwin
ABSTRACT Sport-for-development organizations (SFDs) require capacity to meet their goals and sustain their programming. However, capacity building may need to be imagined differently from other nonprofit organizations, given the distinctiveness of the SFD context. Using Millar and Doherty’s (2016) process model of capacity, we analyze the capacity-building process in an SFD context through a network of organizations engaged in a structured capacity-building program, seeking to understand the role that nuances in the context play to enable and/or constrain from the capacity-building process. Data collected from focus groups, individual interviews, field notes and workshop document(s) revealed that existing human resources capacity and passion for the cause both enabled and constrained capacity building. Furthermore, the burden of building capacity for sport and capacity for developing programming problematized the process. This suggests that capacity building in an SFD context is not a one-size-fits-all proposition and that organizations can benefit from tailored capacity-building initiatives that meet individual needs. HIGHLIGHTS Existing organizational capacity and passion for the cause both enabled and constrain capacity building in a sport-for-development context. The dual burden of building capacity for sport and capacity for development programming problematizes the capacity-building process. Capacity building in an SFD context is not a one-size-fits-all proposition, and organizations can benefit from more tailored initiatives.
{"title":"Understanding experiences with capacity building in the sport for development context","authors":"Christine E. Wegner, Patti Millar, T. Bopp, Shannon Kerwin","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2106722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2106722","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sport-for-development organizations (SFDs) require capacity to meet their goals and sustain their programming. However, capacity building may need to be imagined differently from other nonprofit organizations, given the distinctiveness of the SFD context. Using Millar and Doherty’s (2016) process model of capacity, we analyze the capacity-building process in an SFD context through a network of organizations engaged in a structured capacity-building program, seeking to understand the role that nuances in the context play to enable and/or constrain from the capacity-building process. Data collected from focus groups, individual interviews, field notes and workshop document(s) revealed that existing human resources capacity and passion for the cause both enabled and constrained capacity building. Furthermore, the burden of building capacity for sport and capacity for developing programming problematized the process. This suggests that capacity building in an SFD context is not a one-size-fits-all proposition and that organizations can benefit from tailored capacity-building initiatives that meet individual needs. HIGHLIGHTS Existing organizational capacity and passion for the cause both enabled and constrain capacity building in a sport-for-development context. The dual burden of building capacity for sport and capacity for development programming problematizes the capacity-building process. Capacity building in an SFD context is not a one-size-fits-all proposition, and organizations can benefit from more tailored initiatives.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"426 - 447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44954274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-08DOI: 10.1080/14413523.2022.2059992
A. E. Manoli, Mick Anagnostou
ABSTRACT Despite the high number of crises encountered within sport, crisis communication management in sport remains understudied. Operational crisis communication in particular can be considered an uncharted territory, regardless of its potential significant effects on sport organisations’ reputation. In this study we explore the themes used in FIFA’s communication during the Covid-19 pandemic, to understand how operational organisational crisis communication was managed by football’s leading sport organisation in this unprecedented climate. Content analysis is conducted in all FIFA’s press releases and Twitter messages related to Covid-19 from March 5th to July 3rd 2020, in order for insights to be offered to the content and meaning of FIFA’s operational crisis communication, their attempts to emphasise the organisation’s positive traits and actions, and the links built with managing and improving the organisation’s reputation. The analysis of the themes used indicates that proactive planning of crisis communication management had been conducted, while lessons from previous handling of crises appear to have been learned. By outlining the crisis communication strategy adopted by FIFA, we offer insights to the unexplored area of operational crisis communication in sports, while presenting a roadmap for operational crisis communication management for other sport organisations and future studies exploring the topic. HIGHLIGHTS The study highlights the main themes used by FIFA, focusing on positive traits of the organisation. FIFA’s crisis communication management deviates from pre-prescribed recommendations. A roadmap for operational crisis communication management for sport organisations is offered.
{"title":"Operational crisis communication management: a content analysis of FIFA’s communication during Covid-19","authors":"A. E. Manoli, Mick Anagnostou","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2059992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2059992","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite the high number of crises encountered within sport, crisis communication management in sport remains understudied. Operational crisis communication in particular can be considered an uncharted territory, regardless of its potential significant effects on sport organisations’ reputation. In this study we explore the themes used in FIFA’s communication during the Covid-19 pandemic, to understand how operational organisational crisis communication was managed by football’s leading sport organisation in this unprecedented climate. Content analysis is conducted in all FIFA’s press releases and Twitter messages related to Covid-19 from March 5th to July 3rd 2020, in order for insights to be offered to the content and meaning of FIFA’s operational crisis communication, their attempts to emphasise the organisation’s positive traits and actions, and the links built with managing and improving the organisation’s reputation. The analysis of the themes used indicates that proactive planning of crisis communication management had been conducted, while lessons from previous handling of crises appear to have been learned. By outlining the crisis communication strategy adopted by FIFA, we offer insights to the unexplored area of operational crisis communication in sports, while presenting a roadmap for operational crisis communication management for other sport organisations and future studies exploring the topic. HIGHLIGHTS The study highlights the main themes used by FIFA, focusing on positive traits of the organisation. FIFA’s crisis communication management deviates from pre-prescribed recommendations. A roadmap for operational crisis communication management for sport organisations is offered.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"293 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44092533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-08DOI: 10.1080/14413523.2022.2087966
Jonathan Robertson, A. Karg, Katie Rowe, Katherine Raw
ABSTRACT Professional sport teams operate within an increasingly complex institutional environment and are required to often confront incompatible prescriptions from multiple institutional logics, such as performance and commercial goals (i.e., business logics) relative to community development and altruistic goals (i.e., social logics). The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of institutional complexity on managers perceptions of community-oriented practices across 12 professional teams within a single Australian sport league. Using Raynard’s (2016) configurations of institutional complexity, we identify two types of hybrid responses that professional teams utilise to address multiple logics: aligned and segregated. When community managers perceived social logics to be aligned with business logics, community activities were more aligned with commercial organisational outcomes such as brand, fan and sponsorship benefits. Alternatively, when managers perceived social logics to be segregated from business logics, community activities were more autonomous from commercial drivers, allowing a greater focus on community development outcomes including education, health and increased trust. Theoretically, our research adds to institutional logic scholarship by showing that multiple logics can be compatible with each other, central logics influence peripheral logics and organisational responses to institutional complexity can vary within a professional sport league. HIGHLIGHTS Professional sport teams are operating in increasingly complex institutional environments. Organisations responded to institutional complexity by either segregating community activities from, or aligning community activities with commercial goals. Community activities that were directed by business logics focused upon commercial outcomes, such as fans, sponsorships, and branding. Community activities that focused upon social logics targeted community outcomes, such as health, education, engagement, and trust.
{"title":"“My definition of community is community, and their definition is more around fan engagement”: balancing business and social logics of professional sport teams’ community activities","authors":"Jonathan Robertson, A. Karg, Katie Rowe, Katherine Raw","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2087966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2087966","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Professional sport teams operate within an increasingly complex institutional environment and are required to often confront incompatible prescriptions from multiple institutional logics, such as performance and commercial goals (i.e., business logics) relative to community development and altruistic goals (i.e., social logics). The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of institutional complexity on managers perceptions of community-oriented practices across 12 professional teams within a single Australian sport league. Using Raynard’s (2016) configurations of institutional complexity, we identify two types of hybrid responses that professional teams utilise to address multiple logics: aligned and segregated. When community managers perceived social logics to be aligned with business logics, community activities were more aligned with commercial organisational outcomes such as brand, fan and sponsorship benefits. Alternatively, when managers perceived social logics to be segregated from business logics, community activities were more autonomous from commercial drivers, allowing a greater focus on community development outcomes including education, health and increased trust. Theoretically, our research adds to institutional logic scholarship by showing that multiple logics can be compatible with each other, central logics influence peripheral logics and organisational responses to institutional complexity can vary within a professional sport league. HIGHLIGHTS Professional sport teams are operating in increasingly complex institutional environments. Organisations responded to institutional complexity by either segregating community activities from, or aligning community activities with commercial goals. Community activities that were directed by business logics focused upon commercial outcomes, such as fans, sponsorships, and branding. Community activities that focused upon social logics targeted community outcomes, such as health, education, engagement, and trust.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"405 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47711929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.1080/14413523.2022.2071054
Verity Postlethwaite, C. Jenkin, E. Sherry
ABSTRACT In the fields of politics, history and international relations, the phrase sport diplomacy has attracted a growing multi-disciplinary interest in debate around relations between different actors. In this article we trace the emergence of academic literature connected to sport diplomacy and further identify the relevant empirical, conceptual and theoretical frames used to study sport diplomacy. Using an integrated review approach, we collected peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2000 and 2020, with 224 articles subsequently analysed for key attributes such as research location and type of diplomacy. The results and discussion support and challenge some current tropes connected to sport diplomacy research, such as the overreliance on case studies, lack of theoretical consistency and dominance of research from higher-income countries. Further, we highlight opportunities for scholars to develop empirical and theoretical bridges between fields to overcome disciplinary differences and engage with the growing organisational interest to operationalise sport diplomacy. This review of sport diplomacy literature and opens up lines of inquiry for sport management and sport development scholars to further advance our understanding of sport diplomacy. HIGHLIGHTS The integrative review demonstrates a recent significant increase in peer-reviewed journal articles on the topic of sport diplomacy. The sport diplomacy literature included in this review is dominated by historical studies focusing on political actors and outcomes. We outline the challenges for sport management and sport development scholars to operationalise sport diplomacy in both research and practice.
{"title":"Sport diplomacy: an integrative review","authors":"Verity Postlethwaite, C. Jenkin, E. Sherry","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2071054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2071054","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the fields of politics, history and international relations, the phrase sport diplomacy has attracted a growing multi-disciplinary interest in debate around relations between different actors. In this article we trace the emergence of academic literature connected to sport diplomacy and further identify the relevant empirical, conceptual and theoretical frames used to study sport diplomacy. Using an integrated review approach, we collected peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2000 and 2020, with 224 articles subsequently analysed for key attributes such as research location and type of diplomacy. The results and discussion support and challenge some current tropes connected to sport diplomacy research, such as the overreliance on case studies, lack of theoretical consistency and dominance of research from higher-income countries. Further, we highlight opportunities for scholars to develop empirical and theoretical bridges between fields to overcome disciplinary differences and engage with the growing organisational interest to operationalise sport diplomacy. This review of sport diplomacy literature and opens up lines of inquiry for sport management and sport development scholars to further advance our understanding of sport diplomacy. HIGHLIGHTS The integrative review demonstrates a recent significant increase in peer-reviewed journal articles on the topic of sport diplomacy. The sport diplomacy literature included in this review is dominated by historical studies focusing on political actors and outcomes. We outline the challenges for sport management and sport development scholars to operationalise sport diplomacy in both research and practice.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"361 - 382"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47059236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.1080/14413523.2022.2038922
T. Y. Qian, Robbie Matz, L. Luo, Claire C. Zvosec
ABSTRACT Although the concept of market demand has been extensively examined in the literature, most scholarly efforts have been devoted to understanding men’s spectator sports. There is scant research that investigates market demand for women’s spectator sports with a focus on gender dynamics. This study sought to fill that gap through developing a formative–formative hierarchical component model of core and peripheral market demand for a women’s professional tennis event (the Wuhan Open) and examining their differing impacts on future attendance intentions based on gender. Results derived from the importance-performance map analysis (IPMA) indicated that the most important core market demand components were player quality and economic consideration. However, only women considered game schedule important, while only men deemed venue characteristics and peripheral services important. Our study highlights the necessity and merits of deciphering market demand for women’s spectator sports in a more nuanced manner and contributes to the growing marketing literature on women’s sports fandom. Managerially, we offer practical implications per the IPMA for more effective and efficient integration of marketing initiatives. HIGHLIGHTS We examined the impact of perceived market demand for a women’s professional tennis event on attendance intentions based on gender. Game schedule was more important among women, while venue characteristics and peripheral services were more important among men. Event activities, venue characteristics, and peripheral services were of little to no importance among women. Player quality and economic consideration were of greatest importance in enhancing attendance intentions regardless of gender.
{"title":"Toward a better understanding of core and peripheral market demand for women’s spectator sports: An importance-performance map analysis approach based on gender","authors":"T. Y. Qian, Robbie Matz, L. Luo, Claire C. Zvosec","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2038922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2038922","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although the concept of market demand has been extensively examined in the literature, most scholarly efforts have been devoted to understanding men’s spectator sports. There is scant research that investigates market demand for women’s spectator sports with a focus on gender dynamics. This study sought to fill that gap through developing a formative–formative hierarchical component model of core and peripheral market demand for a women’s professional tennis event (the Wuhan Open) and examining their differing impacts on future attendance intentions based on gender. Results derived from the importance-performance map analysis (IPMA) indicated that the most important core market demand components were player quality and economic consideration. However, only women considered game schedule important, while only men deemed venue characteristics and peripheral services important. Our study highlights the necessity and merits of deciphering market demand for women’s spectator sports in a more nuanced manner and contributes to the growing marketing literature on women’s sports fandom. Managerially, we offer practical implications per the IPMA for more effective and efficient integration of marketing initiatives. HIGHLIGHTS We examined the impact of perceived market demand for a women’s professional tennis event on attendance intentions based on gender. Game schedule was more important among women, while venue characteristics and peripheral services were more important among men. Event activities, venue characteristics, and peripheral services were of little to no importance among women. Player quality and economic consideration were of greatest importance in enhancing attendance intentions regardless of gender.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"114 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46803005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.1080/14413523.2022.2085430
Seung-won Kang, P. Svensson
ABSTRACT Inadequate leadership is a common reason for the failure of multi-organizational collaboratives, yet limited attention has been given to explore the role of shared leadership in these types of collaborations. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore the perceived benefits and challenges of shared leadership in two multi-organizational collaboratives in Sport for Development and Peace (SDP). Semi-structured interviews (n = 30) with members along with publicly available documents were analyzed. Perceived benefits of shared leadership included (a) collective impact, (b) collective learning, (c) network capacity, (d) cohesion and (e) shared responsibilities. At the same time, challenges were centered around (a) challenging leadership dynamics, (b) varying levels of information sharing, (c) lack of understanding of shared leadership and (d) inconsistent quality of engagement. This study contributes to sport management literature by focusing on practitioners’ lived experiences of the positive outcomes and possible barriers to shared leadership in the context of multi-organizational collaboratives. HIGHLIGHTS Empirical research of outcomes of shared leadership in sport for development and peace. Benefits of shared leadership include improved collective impact, collective learning, network capacity, cohesion and shared responsibilities. Challenges of shared leadership were centered around challenging leadership dynamics, varying levels of information sharing, lack of understanding of shared leadership and inconsistent quality of engagement. The role of shared leadership to improve sustainability of SDP partnerships. Implications for better leveraging collaborative leadership approach in the context of multi-organizational SDP collaboratives.
{"title":"The benefits and challenges of shared leadership in sport for development and peace collaboratives","authors":"Seung-won Kang, P. Svensson","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2085430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2085430","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Inadequate leadership is a common reason for the failure of multi-organizational collaboratives, yet limited attention has been given to explore the role of shared leadership in these types of collaborations. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore the perceived benefits and challenges of shared leadership in two multi-organizational collaboratives in Sport for Development and Peace (SDP). Semi-structured interviews (n = 30) with members along with publicly available documents were analyzed. Perceived benefits of shared leadership included (a) collective impact, (b) collective learning, (c) network capacity, (d) cohesion and (e) shared responsibilities. At the same time, challenges were centered around (a) challenging leadership dynamics, (b) varying levels of information sharing, (c) lack of understanding of shared leadership and (d) inconsistent quality of engagement. This study contributes to sport management literature by focusing on practitioners’ lived experiences of the positive outcomes and possible barriers to shared leadership in the context of multi-organizational collaboratives. HIGHLIGHTS Empirical research of outcomes of shared leadership in sport for development and peace. Benefits of shared leadership include improved collective impact, collective learning, network capacity, cohesion and shared responsibilities. Challenges of shared leadership were centered around challenging leadership dynamics, varying levels of information sharing, lack of understanding of shared leadership and inconsistent quality of engagement. The role of shared leadership to improve sustainability of SDP partnerships. Implications for better leveraging collaborative leadership approach in the context of multi-organizational SDP collaboratives.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"383 - 404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46725316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.1080/14413523.2022.2062975
Ashley Gardner, Adam Love, Steven Waller
ABSTRACT Sport organizations frequently present themselves as committed to diversity and inclusion by creating an array of policies, programs and other initiatives. However, this image of diversity and inclusion is often not reflected in actual organizational practices, as leadership positions remain largely dominated by White men. To investigate the ways in which elite sport organizations frame diversity and inclusion, the current study analyzed documents produced by the National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, National Football League and the United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee. Using principles of critical race theory as a framework, the findings illustrate ways in which these organizations frame diversity generally and racial diversity specifically. While each organization publicized numerous policies, programs, events and other initiatives ostensibly intended to promote diversity and inclusion, the terms “racism” or “sexism” did not appear once in their materials. Ultimately, if organizations fail to recognize and address the structural causes of inequality, any initiatives they promote are unlikely to foster meaningful progress with respect to social justice. HIGHLIGHTS Sport organizations use a variety of policies, programs and other initiatives to demonstrate their commitment to diversity and inclusion. The actions of sport organizations often fail to align with the commitment to diversity expressed in their policies and statements. An examination of documents from elite sport organizations indicated they frame diversity in a way that obscures structural forces, such as racism and sexism. If organizations fail to address the structural causes of inequality, any initiatives they promote are unlikely to foster meaningful progress with respect to diversity.
体育组织经常通过制定一系列政策、项目和其他举措来展示自己致力于多样性和包容性。然而，这种多样性和包容性的形象往往没有反映在实际的组织实践中，因为领导职位仍然主要由白人男性主导。为了调查精英体育组织如何构建多样性和包容性，目前的研究分析了美国国家篮球协会(National Basketball Association)、美国职业棒球大联盟(Major League Baseball)、美国国家橄榄球联盟(National Football League)以及美国奥林匹克和残疾人奥林匹克委员会(United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee)提供的文件。使用批判种族理论的原则作为框架，研究结果说明了这些组织在总体上和具体的种族多样性框架的方式。虽然每个组织都公布了许多表面上旨在促进多样性和包容性的政策、项目、活动和其他倡议，但“种族主义”或“性别歧视”一词却一次也没有出现在他们的材料中。最终，如果组织不能认识和解决不平等的结构性原因，它们所推动的任何倡议都不太可能在社会正义方面促进有意义的进展。体育组织使用各种政策、项目和其他举措来展示他们对多样性和包容性的承诺。体育组织的行动往往不符合其政策和声明中所表达的对多样性的承诺。对精英体育组织文件的研究表明，他们以一种模糊种族主义和性别歧视等结构性力量的方式构建了多样性。如果组织不能解决不平等的结构性原因，他们所推动的任何举措都不太可能在多样性方面促进有意义的进展。
{"title":"How do elite sport organizations frame diversity and inclusion? A critical race analysis","authors":"Ashley Gardner, Adam Love, Steven Waller","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2062975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2062975","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sport organizations frequently present themselves as committed to diversity and inclusion by creating an array of policies, programs and other initiatives. However, this image of diversity and inclusion is often not reflected in actual organizational practices, as leadership positions remain largely dominated by White men. To investigate the ways in which elite sport organizations frame diversity and inclusion, the current study analyzed documents produced by the National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, National Football League and the United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee. Using principles of critical race theory as a framework, the findings illustrate ways in which these organizations frame diversity generally and racial diversity specifically. While each organization publicized numerous policies, programs, events and other initiatives ostensibly intended to promote diversity and inclusion, the terms “racism” or “sexism” did not appear once in their materials. Ultimately, if organizations fail to recognize and address the structural causes of inequality, any initiatives they promote are unlikely to foster meaningful progress with respect to social justice. HIGHLIGHTS Sport organizations use a variety of policies, programs and other initiatives to demonstrate their commitment to diversity and inclusion. The actions of sport organizations often fail to align with the commitment to diversity expressed in their policies and statements. An examination of documents from elite sport organizations indicated they frame diversity in a way that obscures structural forces, such as racism and sexism. If organizations fail to address the structural causes of inequality, any initiatives they promote are unlikely to foster meaningful progress with respect to diversity.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"339 - 360"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46899353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.1080/14413523.2022.2059998
S. Darcy, H. Maxwell, M. Edwards, B. Almond
ABSTRACT In this paper we examine a community development approach to including people with disability in a sport context within beach precincts for a project called Beach for All Abilities. The aim of this research is to investigate innovative and transformative solutions that enable inclusion. The research design used multiple methods and data sources across 30 projects and three geographically diverse precincts. The theoretical framework brought together community development and the social relational model of disability to inform the research. The findings show how the funded organisation working in partnership with not-for-profit, commercial and government programs, facilitated processes and practices enabling greater access and inclusion for people with disability in the beach precincts. These included solutions to constraints in the built, outdoor and natural environments across mobility, vision, hearing, intellectual and mental health disability from low to very high support needs. Yet, the overall program had a major shortcoming in establishing ongoing beach-related activities for people with disability. The paper concludes with implications for longevity, limitations, and future research. HIGHLIGHTS Disability inclusion in beach environments is absent from the sport management literature. A hybrid community development model through the lens of a social relational model of disability is used to analyse the projects. 30 community development projects provide insights to the social inclusion of the lived embodied experiences of people with impairments. Innovative inclusive transformative solutions were implemented to counter the interpersonal, structural and environmental constraints present. Projects are identified with potentially sustainable and scalable outcomes for the inclusion of people with disability in beach environments.
{"title":"Disability inclusion in beach precincts: beach for all abilities – a community development approach through a social relational model of disability lens","authors":"S. Darcy, H. Maxwell, M. Edwards, B. Almond","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2059998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2059998","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper we examine a community development approach to including people with disability in a sport context within beach precincts for a project called Beach for All Abilities. The aim of this research is to investigate innovative and transformative solutions that enable inclusion. The research design used multiple methods and data sources across 30 projects and three geographically diverse precincts. The theoretical framework brought together community development and the social relational model of disability to inform the research. The findings show how the funded organisation working in partnership with not-for-profit, commercial and government programs, facilitated processes and practices enabling greater access and inclusion for people with disability in the beach precincts. These included solutions to constraints in the built, outdoor and natural environments across mobility, vision, hearing, intellectual and mental health disability from low to very high support needs. Yet, the overall program had a major shortcoming in establishing ongoing beach-related activities for people with disability. The paper concludes with implications for longevity, limitations, and future research. HIGHLIGHTS Disability inclusion in beach environments is absent from the sport management literature. A hybrid community development model through the lens of a social relational model of disability is used to analyse the projects. 30 community development projects provide insights to the social inclusion of the lived embodied experiences of people with impairments. Innovative inclusive transformative solutions were implemented to counter the interpersonal, structural and environmental constraints present. Projects are identified with potentially sustainable and scalable outcomes for the inclusion of people with disability in beach environments.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"1 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49167412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-26DOI: 10.1080/14413523.2022.2074709
Sang O Park, Calvin Nite, Hyun-Woo Lee
ABSTRACT This study investigated the impact of sport organization employees’ justice perceptions on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and organizational dysfunctional behavior (ODB). Drawing from social exchange and frustration–aggression hypothesis, we presented an affect-based model of employees’ behavioral responses to justice perceptions. We sampled paid staff from NCAA Division I universities’ athletic departments (N = 602) and found that procedural, interpersonal and informational justice relate positively (negatively) to positive (negative) affect, which in turn leads to organizational citizenship (dysfunctional) behavior. Further, exchange orientation moderated the positive relationship between negative affect and ODB, such that the positive impact of employees’ negative affect – caused by organizational injustice – on ODB became stronger as exchange orientation increased. Our findings advance the understanding of organizational justice in sport by illuminating the role of affect and exchange orientation in the relationship between organizational justice and OCB/ODB. Our research also offers sports organizations practical insights into how to effectively manage their employees for eliciting OCB and diminishing ODB. HIGHLIGHTS This study constructs an affect-based model of behavioral responses to justice perception. Procedural, interactional and informational justice were related positively to organizational citizenship behavior via positive affect. Procedural, interactional and informational justice were related negatively to organizational dysfunctional behavior via negative affect. Exchange orientation amplified the positive relationship between negative affect and organizational dysfunctional behavior.
{"title":"The impact of sport organization employees’ justice perceptions on organizational citizenship and dysfunctional behavior: the affect-based model","authors":"Sang O Park, Calvin Nite, Hyun-Woo Lee","doi":"10.1080/14413523.2022.2074709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2074709","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigated the impact of sport organization employees’ justice perceptions on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and organizational dysfunctional behavior (ODB). Drawing from social exchange and frustration–aggression hypothesis, we presented an affect-based model of employees’ behavioral responses to justice perceptions. We sampled paid staff from NCAA Division I universities’ athletic departments (N = 602) and found that procedural, interpersonal and informational justice relate positively (negatively) to positive (negative) affect, which in turn leads to organizational citizenship (dysfunctional) behavior. Further, exchange orientation moderated the positive relationship between negative affect and ODB, such that the positive impact of employees’ negative affect – caused by organizational injustice – on ODB became stronger as exchange orientation increased. Our findings advance the understanding of organizational justice in sport by illuminating the role of affect and exchange orientation in the relationship between organizational justice and OCB/ODB. Our research also offers sports organizations practical insights into how to effectively manage their employees for eliciting OCB and diminishing ODB. HIGHLIGHTS This study constructs an affect-based model of behavioral responses to justice perception. Procedural, interactional and informational justice were related positively to organizational citizenship behavior via positive affect. Procedural, interactional and informational justice were related negatively to organizational dysfunctional behavior via negative affect. Exchange orientation amplified the positive relationship between negative affect and organizational dysfunctional behavior.","PeriodicalId":48057,"journal":{"name":"Sport Management Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"315 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41765868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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