Purpose: The study investigated the influence of kidnapping on the psychological distress of residents in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State. Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was utilized with cluster sampling method. One hundred and ninety-one (191) residents were the respondents. Structured standardized questionnaires were used to elicit information from the population of interest using cluster sampling technique. Data was analysed using the SPSS, Independent T-Test and Chi-Square. Two hypotheses were tested at p<0.05. Findings: Results showed a significant relationship between kidnapping and physiological distress among residents. Since the p-value (0.0001) was less than 5% level of significance, the first hypothesis was accepted which stated that kidnapping experiences significantly influence the physiological distress of residents in Kaduna Metropolis. However, there was no significant difference in psychological distress between male and female residents. The p-value was more than the 5% level of significance. The second hypothesis was rejected since all the p-values are greater than the 5% level of significance. It was concluded that the high state of insecurity from kidnapping was impacted adversely on the residents of Kaduna metropolis leading to a heightened degree of psychological distress. Recommendations: There is need for counselling and psychotherapy to alleviate the distress which has shown no signs of abating. The security personnel should be increased and equipped and informants protected by the federal government. The large number of unemployed citizens should be empowered to reduce the level of unemployment in the Metropolis by the state government.
{"title":"Influence of Kidnapping on the Psychological Distress of Residents in Kaduna Metropolis","authors":"Chinonye O Aloku, Dennis Atafo","doi":"10.47672/ajp.1214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajp.1214","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study investigated the influence of kidnapping on the psychological distress of residents in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State. \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was utilized with cluster sampling method. One hundred and ninety-one (191) residents were the respondents. Structured standardized questionnaires were used to elicit information from the population of interest using cluster sampling technique. Data was analysed using the SPSS, Independent T-Test and Chi-Square. Two hypotheses were tested at p<0.05. \u0000Findings: Results showed a significant relationship between kidnapping and physiological distress among residents. Since the p-value (0.0001) was less than 5% level of significance, the first hypothesis was accepted which stated that kidnapping experiences significantly influence the physiological distress of residents in Kaduna Metropolis. However, there was no significant difference in psychological distress between male and female residents. The p-value was more than the 5% level of significance. The second hypothesis was rejected since all the p-values are greater than the 5% level of significance. It was concluded that the high state of insecurity from kidnapping was impacted adversely on the residents of Kaduna metropolis leading to a heightened degree of psychological distress. \u0000Recommendations: There is need for counselling and psychotherapy to alleviate the distress which has shown no signs of abating. The security personnel should be increased and equipped and informants protected by the federal government. The large number of unemployed citizens should be empowered to reduce the level of unemployment in the Metropolis by the state government.","PeriodicalId":48063,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47999954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To determine the moderating effect of resilience for Fear of COVID-19 in predicting death anxiety among COVID sufferers and general population of Pakistan. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on adults (N=300), COVID-19 sufferers (n=150) and general population (n=150) from 24th September 2021 to 10th June 2022. All participants who fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria were included. Data collection was done by purposive sampling technique from different universities, institutions and hospitals of Pakistan. The questionnaires were filled out by participants, for this purpose revised death anxiety (RSAD), Connor-Davidson resilience (CD-RISC) and Fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) scales were used to access death anxiety, resilience and Fear of COVID-19. After data collection, data were used for further analysis using SPSS 21. Descriptive measurements were calculated for scales and subscales. Moderation analysis was used to find out moderating effect of resilience for fear of COVID-19 in predicting death anxiety among COVID-19 sufferers and general population. Findings: The alpha coefficient of all scales and subscales ranged from .64 to .93. Mean, standard deviation and skewness, kurtosis values fulfilled the assumption of normal distribution of data. Moderating effect of resilience for fear of COVID-19 in predicting death anxiety, showed significant interaction effect of resilience and fear of COVID-19 on death anxiety only among COVID-19 sufferers, the interaction effect found to be explain 3.4% variance on death anxiety. The computation of slopes of model graph for these results indicates that t=1.34 (p>.001) for lower level of resilience, t=4.81 (p<.001) for middle level and t=5.67 (p<.001) for higher level. Values shows significance of moderation for middle and higher level of resilience among COVID-sufferers. A significant increase was observed in death anxiety with respect to increase in fear of COVID-19 at moderate and higher level of resilience. But moderating effect of resilience for fear of COVID-19 in predicting death anxiety among general population was non-significant. Recommendations: Providing training about prevention strategies of COVID-19 through media can help people to deal with it. Various strategies such as acceptance of anxiety and negative emotions, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, social contacts and fostering self-efficacy should be recommended to include in psychological interventions for treatment of death anxiety and effectively cope up with fear of COVID-19. It would be beneficial to include more targeted variables that were not available in this study, such as social benefits, social support, use of health, and welfare services.
{"title":"Indeed Death is nearer; Moderating Role of Resilience in the Relationship between Fear of COVID-19 and Death Anxiety","authors":"Ilsa Gul, Nayab Amir, A. Khan","doi":"10.47672/ajp.1185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajp.1185","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine the moderating effect of resilience for Fear of COVID-19 in predicting death anxiety among COVID sufferers and general population of Pakistan. \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on adults (N=300), COVID-19 sufferers (n=150) and general population (n=150) from 24th September 2021 to 10th June 2022. All participants who fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria were included. Data collection was done by purposive sampling technique from different universities, institutions and hospitals of Pakistan. The questionnaires were filled out by participants, for this purpose revised death anxiety (RSAD), Connor-Davidson resilience (CD-RISC) and Fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) scales were used to access death anxiety, resilience and Fear of COVID-19. After data collection, data were used for further analysis using SPSS 21. Descriptive measurements were calculated for scales and subscales. Moderation analysis was used to find out moderating effect of resilience for fear of COVID-19 in predicting death anxiety among COVID-19 sufferers and general population. \u0000Findings: The alpha coefficient of all scales and subscales ranged from .64 to .93. Mean, standard deviation and skewness, kurtosis values fulfilled the assumption of normal distribution of data. Moderating effect of resilience for fear of COVID-19 in predicting death anxiety, showed significant interaction effect of resilience and fear of COVID-19 on death anxiety only among COVID-19 sufferers, the interaction effect found to be explain 3.4% variance on death anxiety. The computation of slopes of model graph for these results indicates that t=1.34 (p>.001) for lower level of resilience, t=4.81 (p<.001) for middle level and t=5.67 (p<.001) for higher level. Values shows significance of moderation for middle and higher level of resilience among COVID-sufferers. A significant increase was observed in death anxiety with respect to increase in fear of COVID-19 at moderate and higher level of resilience. But moderating effect of resilience for fear of COVID-19 in predicting death anxiety among general population was non-significant. \u0000Recommendations: Providing training about prevention strategies of COVID-19 through media can help people to deal with it. Various strategies such as acceptance of anxiety and negative emotions, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, social contacts and fostering self-efficacy should be recommended to include in psychological interventions for treatment of death anxiety and effectively cope up with fear of COVID-19. It would be beneficial to include more targeted variables that were not available in this study, such as social benefits, social support, use of health, and welfare services.","PeriodicalId":48063,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45315062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study was aimed at examining phonemic awareness as a determinant of reading abilities of children with reading disabilities in the Buea Municipality, South West Region of Cameroon Methodology: This Study Was Based on the Premise That Phonemic Awareness Has Been Identified As The best early indicator of a learner’s reading potentials because it sets the stage for phonics, and literacy. A quasi-experimental design was adopted for the study with 14 participants, 7 in the experimental group and 7 in the control group. A pre-test and post-test were administered to the children before and after the intervention. The instrument used for data collection was a phonemic awareness test that constituted elements of reading, sound identification, deletion of the first phoneme, deletion of the second phoneme, initial phoneme identification and final phoneme identification. Data was analyzed using EpiData Version 3.1 Cohen’s d test and Cramer’s V test. Findings: Results indicated that the phonemic awareness has a significant effect on the reading abilities of children with reading disabilities, this was based on the mean difference of the pre-test (11.37) and post-test (15.17) giving a mean difference of 3.8 with a paired sample t-test of 2.844 giving a significant value of P= 0.05. The study concluded that effective instructions through the development of a child’s ability to understand how individual phonemes can be manipulated and arranged to create words can stop and repair the learning gap and can impart the skills an older reader missed in the earlier grades. Recommendation: Based on the findings, it was recommended that teachers should be more inclusive in their handling of students’ .Also, parents should be encourage to help children back at home to develop reading skills.
{"title":"Phonemic Awareness as a Determinant of Reading Abilities of Children with Reading Disabilities in the Buea Municipality, South West Region of Cameroon","authors":"Ambei Ruhama Faizefu","doi":"10.47672/ajp.1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajp.1082","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study was aimed at examining phonemic awareness as a determinant of reading abilities of children with reading disabilities in the Buea Municipality, South West Region of Cameroon \u0000Methodology: This Study Was Based on the Premise That Phonemic Awareness Has Been Identified As The best early indicator of a learner’s reading potentials because it sets the stage for phonics, and literacy. A quasi-experimental design was adopted for the study with 14 participants, 7 in the experimental group and 7 in the control group. A pre-test and post-test were administered to the children before and after the intervention. The instrument used for data collection was a phonemic awareness test that constituted elements of reading, sound identification, deletion of the first phoneme, deletion of the second phoneme, initial phoneme identification and final phoneme identification. Data was analyzed using EpiData Version 3.1 Cohen’s d test and Cramer’s V test. \u0000Findings: Results indicated that the phonemic awareness has a significant effect on the reading abilities of children with reading disabilities, this was based on the mean difference of the pre-test (11.37) and post-test (15.17) giving a mean difference of 3.8 with a paired sample t-test of 2.844 giving a significant value of P= 0.05. The study concluded that effective instructions through the development of a child’s ability to understand how individual phonemes can be manipulated and arranged to create words can stop and repair the learning gap and can impart the skills an older reader missed in the earlier grades. \u0000Recommendation: Based on the findings, it was recommended that teachers should be more inclusive in their handling of students’ .Also, parents should be encourage to help children back at home to develop reading skills.","PeriodicalId":48063,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44724812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Shettima, M. Wakil, I. Rabbebe, Hauwa Ahmed Kudale, S. Pindar
Purpose: Social support strengthening and hope inspiration about recovery may mitigate stigma of mental illness. The study explored on the level of social support as well as the relationship of social support with internalized stigma and recovery attitude among patients with schizophrenia. Methodology: Through a cross-sectional design and a convenience sampling method, 282 participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia completed the study. They were interviewed with the Internalized stigma of Mental illness (ISMI) Scale, Oslo-3 Social Support Scale and Recovery Attitude Questionnaire (RAQ-16). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18 was used for data entry and analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to assess for the relationship of social support with internalized stigma and recovery attitude. Findings: Perceived social support was moderate to low in majority of the participants (87.5%). The mean scores for social support, internalized stigma and recovery attitude were 3.111 (± 0.748), 2.580 (± 0.245) and 3.561 (± 0.355) respectively. Social support significantly and negatively correlated with internalized stigma on the domains of stereotype endorsement (r=-0.270; p-0.000), positively correlated with the stigma resistance subscale (r=0.568; p-0.000) and recovery attitude (r=0.428; p-0.000). A negative correlation between recovery attitude and internalized stigma was observed on the domains of stereotype endorsement (r=-0.249; p-0.000) and stigma resistance (r=0.299; p-0.000). Conclusion: The study showed a high level of perceived low to moderate social support and perceived social support both correlated to internalized stigma and recovery attitude. Recommendations: The outcome of this study indicates that strengthening the social support network may enhance positive recovery attitude and mitigate internalized stigma of mental illness. Therefore, there is need to design and adopt mental health intervention that simultaneously targets stigma, promotes recovery attitude and strengthens social support in the overall treatment plan of individuals living with severe mental illness.
{"title":"THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL SUPPORT, INTERNALIZED STIGMA OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND RECOVERY ATTITUDE AMONG PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN MAIDUGURI","authors":"F. Shettima, M. Wakil, I. Rabbebe, Hauwa Ahmed Kudale, S. Pindar","doi":"10.47672/ajp.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajp.1004","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Social support strengthening and hope inspiration about recovery may mitigate stigma of mental illness. The study explored on the level of social support as well as the relationship of social support with internalized stigma and recovery attitude among patients with schizophrenia. \u0000Methodology: Through a cross-sectional design and a convenience sampling method, 282 participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia completed the study. They were interviewed with the Internalized stigma of Mental illness (ISMI) Scale, Oslo-3 Social Support Scale and Recovery Attitude Questionnaire (RAQ-16). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18 was used for data entry and analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to assess for the relationship of social support with internalized stigma and recovery attitude. \u0000Findings: Perceived social support was moderate to low in majority of the participants (87.5%). The mean scores for social support, internalized stigma and recovery attitude were 3.111 (± 0.748), 2.580 (± 0.245) and 3.561 (± 0.355) respectively. Social support significantly and negatively correlated with internalized stigma on the domains of stereotype endorsement (r=-0.270; p-0.000), positively correlated with the stigma resistance subscale (r=0.568; p-0.000) and recovery attitude (r=0.428; p-0.000). A negative correlation between recovery attitude and internalized stigma was observed on the domains of stereotype endorsement (r=-0.249; p-0.000) and stigma resistance (r=0.299; p-0.000). \u0000Conclusion: The study showed a high level of perceived low to moderate social support and perceived social support both correlated to internalized stigma and recovery attitude. \u0000Recommendations: The outcome of this study indicates that strengthening the social support network may enhance positive recovery attitude and mitigate internalized stigma of mental illness. Therefore, there is need to design and adopt mental health intervention that simultaneously targets stigma, promotes recovery attitude and strengthens social support in the overall treatment plan of individuals living with severe mental illness.","PeriodicalId":48063,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44871720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To determine the psychological impact and perception of covid -19 pandemic on pregnant women presenting to a tertiary care hospital, KPK, Pakistan. Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women in the outpatient department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from 1st February 2020 to 31st March 2021. All pregnant women (n=424) visiting gynae OPD who fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria were included. The questionnaire was filled out by physicians for patients and the Kessel-10 scale was used to classify the anxiety. Findings: Fifty one 51% females fall in the 19-25 years age group. 54.5% were illiterate with most of the women (94.6%) being housewives. The majority of the 424 women in the study were multiparous (59%) and 59.1% presented in their third trimester. The highest number of patient women in the age group 19-25 years suffered mild distress. Moderate stress was found in 54 women. In all age groups, a total of 11 patients suffered severe psychological distress. 144 women reported having no stress. Nulliparous women were 109 in total and most of them had either mild disorder (n=54) or no stress at all (n=48). the majority of ladies who were housewives stated that they have been mildly stressed (n=208) or not stressed at all (n=139). A total of 11 women had faced severe stress. 247 women had third-trimester pregnancies and most of them (n=129) had mild stress. Severe distress affected 8 of the third-trimester women and 3 of the 2nd-trimester women. Most women (71.9%) believed that elective Cesarian surgery is not better than vaginal delivery during the covid -19 pandemic. COVID-19 pandemic has created anxiety in more than half (53%) of pregnant women visiting OPDs. The literacy rate and occupational status of women had little effect on the occurrence of psychological distress. Recommendations: Strict SOPs must be observed in hospitals and pregnant women should receive counseling regarding their fears and anxiety from medical care-takers. More studies are needed to measure mental health challenges in pregnant and postpartum women, as well as the resilience and risk factors associated with beneficial outcomes, to attenuate the pandemics' long-term mental health impacts.
{"title":"The psychological impact and perception of COVID -19 pandemic on pregnant women presenting to a tertiary care hospital, KPK, Pakistan.","authors":"Laila Zeb, Tanveer Shafqat, S. Fatima","doi":"10.47672/ajp.991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajp.991","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine the psychological impact and perception of covid -19 pandemic on pregnant women presenting to a tertiary care hospital, KPK, Pakistan. \u0000Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women in the outpatient department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from 1st February 2020 to 31st March 2021. All pregnant women (n=424) visiting gynae OPD who fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria were included. The questionnaire was filled out by physicians for patients and the Kessel-10 scale was used to classify the anxiety. \u0000Findings: Fifty one 51% females fall in the 19-25 years age group. 54.5% were illiterate with most of the women (94.6%) being housewives. The majority of the 424 women in the study were multiparous (59%) and 59.1% presented in their third trimester. The highest number of patient women in the age group 19-25 years suffered mild distress. Moderate stress was found in 54 women. In all age groups, a total of 11 patients suffered severe psychological distress. 144 women reported having no stress. Nulliparous women were 109 in total and most of them had either mild disorder (n=54) or no stress at all (n=48). the majority of ladies who were housewives stated that they have been mildly stressed (n=208) or not stressed at all (n=139). A total of 11 women had faced severe stress. 247 women had third-trimester pregnancies and most of them (n=129) had mild stress. Severe distress affected 8 of the third-trimester women and 3 of the 2nd-trimester women. Most women (71.9%) believed that elective Cesarian surgery is not better than vaginal delivery during the covid -19 pandemic. COVID-19 pandemic has created anxiety in more than half (53%) of pregnant women visiting OPDs. The literacy rate and occupational status of women had little effect on the occurrence of psychological distress. \u0000Recommendations: Strict SOPs must be observed in hospitals and pregnant women should receive counseling regarding their fears and anxiety from medical care-takers. More studies are needed to measure mental health challenges in pregnant and postpartum women, as well as the resilience and risk factors associated with beneficial outcomes, to attenuate the pandemics' long-term mental health impacts.","PeriodicalId":48063,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44433414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-10eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2147/CEOR.S338672
Walter Danker, Jyoti Aggarwal, Sneha S Kelkar, Xiaocong L Marston, Xin Gao, Stephen S Johnston
Background: Topical hemostatic agents are an option for controlling bleeding during cardiovascular surgery. Previous studies comparing topical hemostatic agents in cardiovascular surgery predate the 2012 reformulation of Surgiflo®, which had been re-engineered to increase paste viscosity and thus be more adherent to the bleeding surface.
Objective: To compare clinical and economic outcomes in patients receiving the current formulation of Surgiflo vs Floseal during cardiovascular surgeries.
Methodology: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the Premier Healthcare Database. Eligible patients had an inpatient cardiovascular surgery between 1/1/2013 and 6/1/2018, were ≥18 years old and received the current formulation of Surgiflo or Floseal during surgery. Propensity score matching was performed, with exact matching on the surgery year and surgery type (aortic, coronary artery bypass grafting, valve, or other). Descriptive analysis and generalized estimating equations models compared outcomes between the Surgiflo and Floseal groups.
Results: The matched sample included 5768 patients in each group (mean age: 66.5 years; 66.3% male). In the matched sample, rates of any documented bleeding event were similar in Surgiflo and Floseal groups (6.9% vs 7.2%; P = 0.576). Differences in transfusion rates between patients receiving Surgiflo vs Floseal varied by operational definition and timing of measurement but did not differ by >2 percentage points. Compared to Floseal, patients who received Surgiflo experienced longer surgery duration (306.0 vs 299.4 minutes), lower hospitalization cost ($44,146 vs $46,812), and lower odds of readmission at 30, 60, and 90 days post-discharge (all P < 0.05). Inpatient mortality and LOS were comparable between Surgiflo and Floseal (all P > 0.05).
Conclusion: In this large study of real-world clinical and economic outcomes after cardiovascular surgery involving the current formulation of Surgiflo vs Floseal, Surgiflo was associated with mostly similar clinical outcomes as compared with Floseal. Differences in selected economic/resource use outcomes were also observed, for which root-cause analysis in future research would be informative.
{"title":"Real-World Clinical and Economic Outcomes Associated with Surgiflo<sup>®</sup> vs Floseal in Cardiovascular Surgeries in the US.","authors":"Walter Danker, Jyoti Aggarwal, Sneha S Kelkar, Xiaocong L Marston, Xin Gao, Stephen S Johnston","doi":"10.2147/CEOR.S338672","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CEOR.S338672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Topical hemostatic agents are an option for controlling bleeding during cardiovascular surgery. Previous studies comparing topical hemostatic agents in cardiovascular surgery predate the 2012 reformulation of Surgiflo<sup>®</sup>, which had been re-engineered to increase paste viscosity and thus be more adherent to the bleeding surface.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare clinical and economic outcomes in patients receiving the current formulation of Surgiflo vs Floseal during cardiovascular surgeries.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted using the Premier Healthcare Database. Eligible patients had an inpatient cardiovascular surgery between 1/1/2013 and 6/1/2018, were ≥18 years old and received the current formulation of Surgiflo or Floseal during surgery. Propensity score matching was performed, with exact matching on the surgery year and surgery type (aortic, coronary artery bypass grafting, valve, or other). Descriptive analysis and generalized estimating equations models compared outcomes between the Surgiflo and Floseal groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The matched sample included 5768 patients in each group (mean age: 66.5 years; 66.3% male). In the matched sample, rates of any documented bleeding event were similar in Surgiflo and Floseal groups (6.9% vs 7.2%; P = 0.576). Differences in transfusion rates between patients receiving Surgiflo vs Floseal varied by operational definition and timing of measurement but did not differ by >2 percentage points. Compared to Floseal, patients who received Surgiflo experienced longer surgery duration (306.0 vs 299.4 minutes), lower hospitalization cost ($44,146 vs $46,812), and lower odds of readmission at 30, 60, and 90 days post-discharge (all P < 0.05). Inpatient mortality and LOS were comparable between Surgiflo and Floseal (all P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this large study of real-world clinical and economic outcomes after cardiovascular surgery involving the current formulation of Surgiflo vs Floseal, Surgiflo was associated with mostly similar clinical outcomes as compared with Floseal. Differences in selected economic/resource use outcomes were also observed, for which root-cause analysis in future research would be informative.</p>","PeriodicalId":48063,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychology","volume":"116 1","pages":"129-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8922341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90913542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Odera, F. Njeru, J. Arudo, Joel P. Ogutu, Doreen Sore
Purpose: The Corona Virus disease popularly known as COVID-19 was first diagnosed in humans in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The study sought to analyze the influence of psychosocial factors on role performance among COVID-19 frontline Healthcare Workers in Busia County, Kenya. Methodology: Cross-sectional research design was employed and multi stage sampling adopted to get the sample size of 298 respondents from a population of 873 frontline healthcare workers in Busia County, Kenya. Data were collected using questionnaire and interview schedule. The collected data were analyzed with multivariate regression analysis while qualitative findings were transcribed under themes. Findings: The variation explained by the psychosocial factors was 0.098 (9.8%). This did not change much after inclusion of confounders in the model with the final model (0.133). The study concluded that work-related psychosocial factors, especially emotional demands, work pace and role conflicts contributed to challenging work performance. Therefore psychosocial factors were a major predictor of role performance. Recommendation: The study recommends need to use based psychosocial factors to help change frontline HCWs working practices in order to enable them realize full potential in role performance.
{"title":"Psychosocial factors as Antecedent to Role Performance among Frontline Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"P. Odera, F. Njeru, J. Arudo, Joel P. Ogutu, Doreen Sore","doi":"10.47672/AJP.824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/AJP.824","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The Corona Virus disease popularly known as COVID-19 was first diagnosed in humans in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The study sought to analyze the influence of psychosocial factors on role performance among COVID-19 frontline Healthcare Workers in Busia County, Kenya. \u0000Methodology: Cross-sectional research design was employed and multi stage sampling adopted to get the sample size of 298 respondents from a population of 873 frontline healthcare workers in Busia County, Kenya. Data were collected using questionnaire and interview schedule. The collected data were analyzed with multivariate regression analysis while qualitative findings were transcribed under themes. \u0000Findings: The variation explained by the psychosocial factors was 0.098 (9.8%). This did not change much after inclusion of confounders in the model with the final model (0.133). The study concluded that work-related psychosocial factors, especially emotional demands, work pace and role conflicts contributed to challenging work performance. Therefore psychosocial factors were a major predictor of role performance. \u0000Recommendation: The study recommends need to use based psychosocial factors to help change frontline HCWs working practices in order to enable them realize full potential in role performance.","PeriodicalId":48063,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48167779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The concept of negative behaviors in organizational psychology is at its emerging stage. Negative behaviors not only affect the well-being of the employees but also the overall performance of the organization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between emotional support (from co-workers) and employees’ wellbeing in the presence of social undermining as a mediator. Materials and Methods: This study was quantitative. Cross-sectional and convenience sampling design (non-probability sampling technique) was applied to collect the data through questionnaires from the participants by using the survey method. Data was gathered from 287 Lecturers, Assistant Professors, and Professors from different public and private universities of Balochistan. Process Macro was applied to find the direct and indirect effect of emotional support on employees ‘wellbeing. Findings: Results showed that emotional support positively influenced wellbeing while social undermining partially mediates the relationship between emotional support and wellbeing. Recommendation: These findings can be applied in organizations to improve the wellbeing of the employees and minimize the negative behaviors in an organizational setting.
{"title":"Impact of Emotional Support on Wellbeing, Mediating Role of Social Undermining: A Study of Academia in Balochistan.","authors":"Rubina Shaheen, Safia Bano, Jameel Ahmed","doi":"10.47672/AJP.821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/AJP.821","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The concept of negative behaviors in organizational psychology is at its emerging stage. Negative behaviors not only affect the well-being of the employees but also the overall performance of the organization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between emotional support (from co-workers) and employees’ wellbeing in the presence of social undermining as a mediator. \u0000Materials and Methods: This study was quantitative. Cross-sectional and convenience sampling design (non-probability sampling technique) was applied to collect the data through questionnaires from the participants by using the survey method. Data was gathered from 287 Lecturers, Assistant Professors, and Professors from different public and private universities of Balochistan. Process Macro was applied to find the direct and indirect effect of emotional support on employees ‘wellbeing. \u0000Findings: Results showed that emotional support positively influenced wellbeing while social undermining partially mediates the relationship between emotional support and wellbeing. \u0000Recommendation: These findings can be applied in organizations to improve the wellbeing of the employees and minimize the negative behaviors in an organizational setting.","PeriodicalId":48063,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46893082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Psychological health has been reported as an important factor influencing individual’s various behaviors, activities, happiness and performance. This study examined burden of care, social support and emotional intelligence among caregivers of mentally ill patients as correlates of psychological health Materials and Methods: The research sample included two hundred (200) caregivers that were selected from the Federal Neuro-psychiatric hospital Yaba, Nigeia, using simple random sampling. They were individually administered the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), emotional intelligence scale (EI) and General Health Questionnaire. The study adopted a correlational design. A multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Four hypotheses were tested using statistical package for social sciences version 23. Findings: The results indicate that there was significant inverse relationship between burden of care and psychological health (r= -.643, df = 200, p<.01). Also, there was positive significant relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological health (r= .172, df = 200, p<.05). There was significant positive relationship between social support and psychological health (r= .322, df = 200, p<.01). Finally, caregivers’ burden of care, emotional intelligence and perceived social support jointly predicted psychological health (R2 = 0.44, F (3,196) = 51.63, p < .01). Burden of care (β = -.595, t=-10.64, p<.05) and perceived social support (β = .210, t=2.39, p<.05) were significant independent predictors of psychological health. While emotional intelligence (β = .052, t=0.61, p>.05) found to have no independent significant prediction on the psychological health. The findings of the study were discussed and it suggested the need for caregiver education and support programs. Recommendation: The study recommends that family support groups should be created for assisting caregivers and advocating for the promotion of their well-being in society.
{"title":"BURDEN OF CARE, PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AS CORRELATES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH AMONG CAREGIVERS OF MENTALLY ILL PATIENTS.","authors":"Immaculata Nwonu-Ezeanya, H. Obi-Nwosu","doi":"10.47672/AJP.797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/AJP.797","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Psychological health has been reported as an important factor influencing individual’s various behaviors, activities, happiness and performance. This study examined burden of care, social support and emotional intelligence among caregivers of mentally ill patients as correlates of psychological health \u0000Materials and Methods: The research sample included two hundred (200) caregivers that were selected from the Federal Neuro-psychiatric hospital Yaba, Nigeia, using simple random sampling. They were individually administered the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), emotional intelligence scale (EI) and General Health Questionnaire. The study adopted a correlational design. A multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Four hypotheses were tested using statistical package for social sciences version 23. \u0000Findings: The results indicate that there was significant inverse relationship between burden of care and psychological health (r= -.643, df = 200, p<.01). Also, there was positive significant relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological health (r= .172, df = 200, p<.05). There was significant positive relationship between social support and psychological health (r= .322, df = 200, p<.01). Finally, caregivers’ burden of care, emotional intelligence and perceived social support jointly predicted psychological health (R2 = 0.44, F (3,196) = 51.63, p < .01). Burden of care (β = -.595, t=-10.64, p<.05) and perceived social support (β = .210, t=2.39, p<.05) were significant independent predictors of psychological health. While emotional intelligence (β = .052, t=0.61, p>.05) found to have no independent significant prediction on the psychological health. The findings of the study were discussed and it suggested the need for caregiver education and support programs. \u0000Recommendation: The study recommends that family support groups should be created for assisting caregivers and advocating for the promotion of their well-being in society.","PeriodicalId":48063,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47603763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Empirical evidence have shown that psychiatric out-patients often experience difficulties with getting back to normal family and work routines and relapse. This stimulated this study and made it imperative to examine the extent to which illness perception and perceived stress are implicated in fostering successful re-integration of out-patients back into the society, enhance total adherence to intake of prescribed medications, and increase being compliant to attending check-up at due time, among others. Methodology: The study investigated illness perception and perceived stress as predictors of quality of life among psychiatric patients in Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Yaba, using predictive design. The research sample consisted of sixty-one (61) out-patients at Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Yaba. This comprised of thirty-nine (39; 63.9%) males and twenty two (22; 36.1%) females with mean age of 34.29, S.D 5.60, respectively. The participants were selected by the researcher using purposive sampling technique. They were individually administered the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) – Brief scale, Illness Perception Questionnaire-revised (IPQ-R), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Multiple linear regression statistics was used for testing research hypothesis. Findings: The result revealed significant positive influence of illness perception on quality of life (R2= .048, R2 (adjusted) = .015; β = .205, p<.05). It further revealed that perceived stress significant predicted quality of life (R2= .048, R2 (adjusted) = .015; β = .061, p<.05). The researcher attributed these findings to the fact that psychiatric out-patients may by virtue of their health conditions might still not come to terms with their re-integration. Recommendation: As a result of the study findings, psychiatric outpatients should be exposed to programmes and psycho-education capable of promoting positive view of their health. Doing so will result to having positive illness perception leading to improve quality of life, since the two variables shared positive relationship. It also recommends that the process of re-integrating psychiatric outpatients back into the society should be done very well, amidst equipping them with required skills and knowledge they will need in handling the stressors they will face, positively.
{"title":"ILLNESS PERCEPTION AND PERCEIVED STRESS AS PREDICTORS OF QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG OUTPATIENTS OF FEDERAL NEURO- PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL, YABA, LAGOS.","authors":"Njideka NWONU-EZEANYA, H. Obi-Nwosu","doi":"10.47672/ajp.770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajp.770","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Empirical evidence have shown that psychiatric out-patients often experience difficulties with getting back to normal family and work routines and relapse. This stimulated this study and made it imperative to examine the extent to which illness perception and perceived stress are implicated in fostering successful re-integration of out-patients back into the society, enhance total adherence to intake of prescribed medications, and increase being compliant to attending check-up at due time, among others. \u0000Methodology: The study investigated illness perception and perceived stress as predictors of quality of life among psychiatric patients in Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Yaba, using predictive design. The research sample consisted of sixty-one (61) out-patients at Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Yaba. This comprised of thirty-nine (39; 63.9%) males and twenty two (22; 36.1%) females with mean age of 34.29, S.D 5.60, respectively. The participants were selected by the researcher using purposive sampling technique. They were individually administered the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) – Brief scale, Illness Perception Questionnaire-revised (IPQ-R), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Multiple linear regression statistics was used for testing research hypothesis. \u0000Findings: The result revealed significant positive influence of illness perception on quality of life (R2= .048, R2 (adjusted) = .015; β = .205, p<.05). It further revealed that perceived stress significant predicted quality of life (R2= .048, R2 (adjusted) = .015; β = .061, p<.05). The researcher attributed these findings to the fact that psychiatric out-patients may by virtue of their health conditions might still not come to terms with their re-integration. \u0000Recommendation: As a result of the study findings, psychiatric outpatients should be exposed to programmes and psycho-education capable of promoting positive view of their health. Doing so will result to having positive illness perception leading to improve quality of life, since the two variables shared positive relationship. It also recommends that the process of re-integrating psychiatric outpatients back into the society should be done very well, amidst equipping them with required skills and knowledge they will need in handling the stressors they will face, positively.","PeriodicalId":48063,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70856198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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